scholarly journals A Case of Neurosarcoidosis-Induced Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Diagnosed with Neuroendoscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiko Gen ◽  
Akio Ogawa ◽  
Koji Kanai ◽  
Kanako Nobe ◽  
Naofumi Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Cerebral Aqueduct ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Inappropriate Secretion ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neuroendoscopic Biopsy

We treated a patient with neurosarcoidosis, which caused the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), in whom diagnosis was performed using neuroendoscopy. The patient was a 56-year-old female who was hospitalized for hyponatremia and diagnosed with SIADH based on a detailed examination. During the course, she developed impaired consciousness due to acute hydrocephalus, which improved after ventricular drainage. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed nodular lesions at the floor of the third ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct. Neuroendoscopic biopsy led to the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. Her hyponatremia improved after steroid therapy. Neurosarcoidosis can cause SIADH, and complication of hydrocephalus may lead to a poor prognosis. Neuroendoscopy appears to be effective for the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis with hydrocephalus and helps in deciding the treatment modality.

scholarly journals Obstructive Hydrocephalus, Fifth Nerve and Hypothalamus Involvement: Acute Presentation of a Giant Prolactinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. CCRep.S9675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadin Alkatari ◽  
Naji Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pituitary Mass ◽  
Giant Prolactinoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Lactotrope Cells

Introduction Pituitary tumors from lactotrope cells account for about 40% of all functioning pituitary cancers. Men tend to present with a larger, more invasive and rapid growth prolactinomas than women, possibly because hypogonadism features are less evident. Case report A 27-year-old, previously asymptomatic Saudi man presented with a 3-day history of emesis with severe left-sided frontal headache, left face and right upper limb numbness, with signs of obstructive hydrocephalus. Brain Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a giant pituitary mass occupying several regions (sellar, infra-sellar, and supra-sellar) measuring 6.5 × 5.7 × 5.9 cm, and invading the sphenoid sinus as well as the cavernous sinuses bilaterally, with intra-pituitary hemorrhage compressing the third ventricle causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Prolactin levels were> 200,000 mIU/L, consistent with invasive giant prolactinoma (IGP). He was treated with Cabergoline which eventually normalized the prolactin level and significantly reduced the size of IGP. Conclusion This is a rare case of obstructive hydrocephalus with super-imposed intra-pituitary hemorrhage secondary to IGP, highlighting the importance of a full hormonal assessment for proper diagnosis and management.

scholarly journals Neurocysticercosis, Meningioma, and Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Adenoma in a 61-Year-Old Woman

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Pilar Ramirez ◽  
Juan E. Restrepo ◽  
Luis V. Syro ◽  
Fabio Rotondo ◽  
Francisco J. Londoño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Anterior Clinoid Process ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Solid Lesions ◽  
Multiple Cysts

We report here the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with hydrocephalus and cystic and solid lesions in sella turcica, suprasellar areas, and third ventricle. After ventriculoperitoneal shunt she developed cognitive changes and the cystic lesions enlarged. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated multiple cysts and a solid lesion in the sella and around the anterior clinoid process. With diagnosis of neurocysticercosis she underwent craniotomy. Pathologic examination documented two different lesions: viable and dead cysticerci with inflaming infiltration and a left anterior clinoidal meningioma. At the second surgery, six weeks later via transnasal transsphenoidal approach a silent corticotroph pituitary adenoma was removed which was studied by histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. To our knowledge, the occurrence of these three different lesions in the sellar area was not described before.

Linear relationship found by magnetic resonance imaging between cerebrospinal fluid volume and body weight in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Z. Reinitz ◽  
Gábor Bajzik ◽  
Rita Garamvölgyi ◽  
Bianka Benedek ◽  
Örs Petneházy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Despite numerous studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its importance during hydrocephalus or myelography, no reliable values exist about its overall volume in dogs. In this study, our aim was to measure the intracranial (IC) volume of CSF in dogs and assess its possible relationship with body size and the symmetry of the lateral ventricles. We ran a 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence on the central nervous system of 12 healthy, male mongrel dogs between 3–5 years of age and 7.5–35.0 kg body weight. A validated semiautomatic segmentation protocol was implemented to segment the CSF and measure its volume. Values for the volume of the ventricular compartment were between 0.97 and 2.94 ml, with 62.1 ± 11.7% in the lateral ventricles, 17.6 ± 4.9% in the third ventricle, 4.9 ± 1.6% in the aqueductus mesencephali and 15.5 ± 6.6% in the fourth ventricle. In 11 cases a significant asymmetry was found between the lateral ventricles. The results suggest that it may be normal for a dog to have one of the lateral ventricles 1.5 times larger than the other. The correlation between body weight and CSF volume was linear, indicating that the current dosage protocols for myelography, based on a hypothetical proportional relationship with body weight, may have to be revised.

Cystic Optic Glioma

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Gower ◽  
Michael Pollay ◽  
Robert M. Shuman ◽  
Roger A. Brumback
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Optic Glioma ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gadolinium Enhancement ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract A pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve, chiasm, hypothalamus, or third ventricle is a relatively common tumor of childhood. This case report illustrates such a tumor, originating from this location, which is unusual because of the association with two very large cystic extensions into the middle cranial fossa and into the third ventricle. The massive size and extent of this tumor and cysts was demonstrated on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, with gadolinium enhancement. This case illustrates a novel macroscopic appearance for a pilocytic glioma of the anterior third ventricle. The purpose of this report is to alert clinicians to the varied morphology this tumor may present as we apply increasingly our improved radiological, operative, and histopathological techniques. (Neurosurgery 26:133-137, 1990)

scholarly journals Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome due to Rhabdomyolysis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome following Cardiogenic Shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kosuke Katano ◽  
Nozomi Fuse ◽  
Yoshitaka Asano ◽  
Kimihiro Osada ◽  
Akira Miyabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Osmotic Demyelination ◽  
Disturbance Of Consciousness ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome ◽  
The Brain

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a relatively rare disease that causes rapid demyelination, resulting in pontine and central nervous system damage with various symptoms, including impaired consciousness. It often occurs when hyponatremia is rapidly corrected. However, it can also occur when a normonatremic patient suddenly develops hypernatremia. A 51-year-old man developed cardiogenic shock with impaired consciousness, hyperCKemia, hypernatremia, and hyperglycemia. Osmotic demyelination syndrome secondary to rhabdomyolysis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome was suspected. The patient’s fluid volume decreased because of osmotic diuresis caused by hyperglycemia, and the blood sodium level increased rapidly. The latter resulted in ODS, which in turn resulted in a prolonged disturbance of consciousness, from which he has not yet recovered. ODS has been reported as a serious complication of rapid correction of hyponatremia, although it also occurs when normonatremia leads to hypernatremia. This disease is difficult to diagnose, as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is often unremarkable several weeks after its onset. This case of ODS occurred when normonatremia led to hypernatremia, as a result of rhabdomyolysis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Diagnosis was made based on the MRI brain findings.

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