Linear relationship found by magnetic resonance imaging between cerebrospinal fluid volume and body weight in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Z. Reinitz ◽  
Gábor Bajzik ◽  
Rita Garamvölgyi ◽  
Bianka Benedek ◽  
Örs Petneházy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Despite numerous studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its importance during hydrocephalus or myelography, no reliable values exist about its overall volume in dogs. In this study, our aim was to measure the intracranial (IC) volume of CSF in dogs and assess its possible relationship with body size and the symmetry of the lateral ventricles. We ran a 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence on the central nervous system of 12 healthy, male mongrel dogs between 3–5 years of age and 7.5–35.0 kg body weight. A validated semiautomatic segmentation protocol was implemented to segment the CSF and measure its volume. Values for the volume of the ventricular compartment were between 0.97 and 2.94 ml, with 62.1 ± 11.7% in the lateral ventricles, 17.6 ± 4.9% in the third ventricle, 4.9 ± 1.6% in the aqueductus mesencephali and 15.5 ± 6.6% in the fourth ventricle. In 11 cases a significant asymmetry was found between the lateral ventricles. The results suggest that it may be normal for a dog to have one of the lateral ventricles 1.5 times larger than the other. The correlation between body weight and CSF volume was linear, indicating that the current dosage protocols for myelography, based on a hypothetical proportional relationship with body weight, may have to be revised.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Shiga Toxin 1 in the Central Nervous System of Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6545-6548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fujii ◽  
Yoshimasa Kinoshita ◽  
Takashi Yutsudo ◽  
Hatsumi Taniguchi ◽  
Tom Obrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT The action of Shiga toxin (Stx) on the central nervous system was examined in rabbits. Intravenous Stx1 was 44 times more lethal than Stx2 and acted more rapidly than Stx2. However, Stx1 accumulated more slowly in the cerebrospinal fluid than did Stx2. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a predominance of Stx1-dependent lesions in the spinal cord. Pretreatment of the animals with anti-Stx1 antiserum intravenously completely protected against both development of brain lesions and mortality.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging findings in probable Creutzfeld-Jacob disease: comparison with electroencephalography and cerebrospinal fluid characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 204798161455221
Author(s):  
Melda Bozluolcay ◽  
Ayse D Elmali ◽  
Sukriye F Menku ◽  
Burcu Zeydan ◽  
Gulcin Benbir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

Background Creutzfeld-Jacob disease (CJD) is a rare, progressive disease that has a vast clinical manifestation range. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and measurement of 14-3-3 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may offer a pragmatic approach in the diagnosis of CJD as an alternative to histopathological confirmation. Purpose To present the symptoms and signs of the CJD patients in regard to radiological and neurophysiological findings. Material and Methods We collected all cases with the diagnosis of probable CJD admitted to our neurology department between June 2010 and June 2014. The medical records and laboratory data, clinical features, results of MRI (including diffusion weighted images), EEG and CSF evaluations, and other laboratory data to exclude other possible diagnoses were recorded. None of the patients underwent biopsy or autopsy for histological diagnosis. Results Of 20 patients, 11 (55%) were men and nine (45%) were women. The mean age at disease onset was 60.0 ± 9.5 years (age range, 47–80 years). All patients without exception had characteristic abnormalities in DWI and/or FLAIR on admission, about 4 months after the initial symptom. Periodic complexes on EEGs characteristic for CJD were detected only in 10 patients (50%) on admission and in 13 patients (65%) during disease course. Out of 14 patients who underwent CSF examination, 11 (78.5%) were positive for 14-3-3 protein. Conclusion Although the definite diagnosis of CJD is made histopathologically, we aimed to discuss the value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of CJD in respect to EEG findings and protein 14-3-3 levels in CSF.

Arguments against the biomarker-driven diagnosis of AD

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen F.K. Chiu ◽  
Henry Brodaty
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Impressive developments in the biomarker diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD and pre-symptomatic states, using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and proteomics, have been at the forefront of research in the last decade. With the publication of the criteria of Dubois et al. (2007) and the revised National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA–AA) criteria for the diagnosis of AD (Jack et al., 2011), this has further ignited the interest and enthusiasm for researchers and clinicians in the field. In some of the major conferences on dementia in recent years, the topic of the biomarker-driven diagnosis of AD has dominated the research agenda. But many questions arise as to how this research will translate into practice. Here, we would like to put forward our arguments against a biomarker-driven diagnosis of AD, and we would caution that very early diagnosis of AD may not result in better care of the subjects.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to reduce Gadolinium accumulation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-428
Author(s):  
Vijay Anant Athavale ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Onset

Gadolinium (Gd) is a based contrast agent is used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In India, gadobutrolhas been is approved for MRI of the Central Nervous System (CNS), liver, kidneys, and breast. It has been noted in several studies that the accumulation of gadolinium occurs in different structures in the brain. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are regularly followed up with MRI scans and MRI with contrast enhancement is the most common method of distinguishing new-onset pathological changes. Developments in technology and methods in artificial intelligence have shown that there is reason to map out the X-ray technician’s work with examinations and medicines administered to patients may be altered to prevent the accumulation of gadolinium.

Diagnostic Tests

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The diagnostic tests used most often to evaluate patients who have disease of the central nervous system (CNS) include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials, electromyography (EMG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests should be used to supplement or to extend the clinical examination.

scholarly journals Delayed clearance of cerebrospinal fluid tracer from choroid plexus in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Kristian Eide ◽  
Lars Magnus Valnes ◽  
Are Hugo Pripp ◽  
Kent-Andre Mardal ◽  
Geir Ringstad
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lateral Ventricles

Impaired clearance of amyloid-β from choroid plexus is one proposed mechanism behind amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease. The present study examined whether clearance from choroid plexus of a cerebrospinal fluid tracer, serving as a surrogate marker of a metabolic waste product, is altered in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), one sub-type of dementia. In a prospective observational study of close to healthy individuals (reference cohort; REF) and individuals with iNPH, we performed standardized T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans before and through 24 h after intrathecal administration of a cerebrospinal fluid tracer (the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent gadobutrol). Changes in normalized T1 signal within the choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid of lateral ventricles were quantified using FreeSurfer. The normalized T1 signal increased to maximum within choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid of lateral ventricles 6–9 h after intrathecal gadobutrol in both the REF and iNPH cohorts (enrichment phase). Peak difference in normalized T1 signals between REF and iNPH individuals occurred after 24 h (clearance phase). The results gave evidence for gadobutrol resorption from cerebrospinal fluid by choroid plexus, but with delay in iNPH patients. Whether choroid plexus has a role in iNPH pathogenesis in terms of delayed clearance of amyloid-β remains to be shown.

scholarly journals Perinatal post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system (CNS): a pictorial review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez-Serrano ◽  
Álvaro Bartolomé ◽  
Núria Bargalló ◽  
Carmen Sebastià ◽  
Alfons Nadal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Histopathological Results

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) abnormalities cause approximately 32–37.7% of terminations of pregnancy (TOP). Autopsy is currently the gold standard for assessing dead foetuses and stillborn. However, it has limitations and is sometimes subject to parental rejection. Recent studies have described post-mortem foetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an alternative and even complementary to autopsy for CNS assessment. Radiologists now play a key role in the evaluation of perinatal deaths. Assessment of foetal CNS abnormalities is difficult, and interpretation of foetal studies requires familiarisation with normal and abnormal findings in post-mortem MRI studies as well as the strengths and limitations of the imaging studies. The purpose of this pictorial review is to report our experience in the post-mortem MRI evaluation of the CNS system, including a description of the protocol used, normal CNS findings related to post-mortem status, abnormal CNS findings in our sample, and the correlation of these findings with histopathological results.

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