scholarly journals Histological Analysis of Bone Repair in Mandibular Body Osteotomy Using Internal Fixation System in Three Different Gaps without Bone Graft in an Animal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Olate ◽  
Bélgica Vásquez ◽  
Cristian Sandoval ◽  
Adriana Vasconcellos ◽  
Juan Pablo Alister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim was to analyze histologically the bone repair in a mandibular osteotomy model with different gaps between the segments. Nine male rabbits who underwent osteotomies on the mandibular body were fixed with a 1.5 system plate and no bone graft; group 1 (2 mm gap between segments), group 2 (5 mm gap between segments), and group 3 (8 mm gap between segments) were included. After 8 weeks they were euthanized and the sample was processed for histological analysis. Group 1 showed advanced bone repair with cartilaginous tissue and cancellous bone, showing osteoblasts and type III collagenous fibers. In group 2, a more delayed ossification was observed, with an extensive area of peripheral ossifying cartilage and chondrocytes in greater number at the center of the defect; group 3 showed no evidence of ossification with fibrous tissue, a very low level of chondrocytes, and some bone sequestrate. We can conclude that, in this animal model, 2 or 5 mm gap in the osteotomy could be repaired as bone when fixation is used. The size of the gap is an important factor for the use of bone grafts considering endochondral ossification. This model can be used for graft analysis and related technologies.

scholarly journals The optical analysis of the abdominal wall using the biospeckle after implants of polypropylene mesh in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-448
Author(s):  
Tâmara Maria Nieri ◽  
Marco Antonio de Oliveira Peres ◽  
Emerson Rodrigo da Silva ◽  
Inácio Maria Dal Fabbro ◽  
Mikiya Muramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mesh Placement ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Mesh Prosthesis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate an experimental animal model to study the abdominal tissue activity considering its interaction with a polypropylene mesh, through the use of one of the optical phenomena of light Laser, the biospeckle. METHODS: Fifty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: ten animals not submitted to surgery; Group 2: ten animals submitted to surgery without polypropylene mesh; Group 3: 20 animals submitted to surgery followed by the mesh placement; Group 4: (sham) with ten animals. None of the animals presented post surgical complications being submitted to the optical tests at the 20th postoperative day. RESULTS: The analysis from the biospeckle tests, comparing the medians and standard deviations with T Student test, indicated that no significative difference was observed on the abdominal wall tissue activity in the four groups considered, with and without polypropylene mesh prosthesis implantation. CONCLUSION: The animal model is viable and the biospeckle open ways for a great number of experiments to be developed in evaluating tissue activity.

Molecular markers relating to malignant progression in Grade II astrocytoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ying Yue ◽  
Su-Huan Yu ◽  
Shi-Guang Zhao ◽  
Zhong-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Object Astrocytoma may progress rapidly or remain stable for many years. To clarify whether molecular characteristics could be prognostic factors, several cell cycling–associated molecular alterations in the diffuse astrocytoma have been investigated. Methods Thirty-three patients in whom WHO Grade II astrocytoma had been initially diagnosed were assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 patients with malignant progression; the tumor had recurred within 5 years and histological analysis had confirmed that the tumor progressed to Grade III or IV. Group 2 consisted of 10 patients in whom there was no malignant progression; the tumor recurred within 5 years, but histological analysis confirmed that the tumor remained at Grade II. Group 3 consisted of 13 patients who did not experience recurrence within 5 years. Expression of Ki 67, TP53, p27, and p21 was examined using immunohistochemical analysis for the tumor samples obtained during the first and second (in recurrent cases) surgeries. Exons 5, 7, and 8 of TP53 were scanned by DNA sequencing. Results The Ki 67 labeling index expression was significantly higher in Group 1 (even though it was similar between initial and recurrent tumors) than that of Group 3 (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference between Group 2 (both initial and recurrent tumors) and Group 3. The TP53 protein accumulation was also higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 or 3 (p < 0.05); a difference in TP53 expression was not found between Groups 2 and 3. The p27 and p21 was expressed in all cases, but no predictive values were found. The p53 mutation was found only in 6 cases in Group 1. Conclusions Overexpression of TP53, TP53 mutation, and Ki 67 labeling index could be molecular markers in astrocytomas predicting malignant progression.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mandibular First Molars’ Axial Inclination and Alveolar Morphology in Different Facial Patterns: A CBCT Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Cezar Ferreira ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽  
Francyle Simões Herrera-Sanches ◽  
Patrícia Bittencourt dos Santos ◽  
Daniela Garib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Facial Pattern ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the axial inclination of the mandibular first molars and their respective bone morphology among individuals with different facial patterns. Materials and Methods The sample comprised the cone beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) of 58 subjects divided into three groups according to the facial patterns: 18 brachyfacial (Group 1), with a mean age of 21.58 years; 23 mesofacial (Group 2), with a mean age of 19.14 years; and 17 dolichofacial subjects (Group 3), with a mean age of 19.09 years. Eight variables were evaluated on CBCT scans of each subject: buccal and lingual mandibular height, cervical and middle mandibular width, inclination of mandibular body, inclination of the mandibular molar buccal surface, molar width, molar angulation and tooth/bone angle. Intergroup comparisons were performed with one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey tests. Results Buccal mandibular height presented statistically significant difference in the three facial patterns. Lingual mandibular height and mandibular inclination showed to be statistically and significantly smaller in brachyfacial subjects than in the other two groups. Mandibular width presented a statistically significant difference between brachyfacial and mesofacial groups. Negative correlations could be observed between the facial pattern and the buccal and lingual mandibular heights and inclination of the mandibular body. Conclusion Buccal mandibular height was significantly and progressively larger in brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial subjects. Lingual mandibular height was significantly smaller in brachyfacial than in mesofacial and dolichofacial subjects. Mandibular width was significantly thicker in brachyfacial than in mesofacial subjects. Brachyfacial subjects had smaller mandibular inclination than mesofacial and dolichofacial subjects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the permeability of the furcation area of deciduous molars conditioned with Er:YAG laser and cyanoacrylate

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriene Mara Souza Lopes-Silva ◽  
José Luiz Lage-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Deciduous Molars ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the dentin permeability of the deciduous pulp chamber floor after employing 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and Er:YAG laser. Twenty four deciduous molars were used, divided into four groups. After chemical-surgical preparation each group received a different treatment: Group 1 - control, without treatment; Group 2 - the floor of the pulp chamber was covered with a fine layer of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate; Group 3 - the floor of the pulp chamber was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (250 mJ, 10 Hz for 30 seconds, 80 J of energy and 320 pulses), and covered with a fine layer of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate; and Group 4 - the floor of the pulp chamber was irradiated with Er:YAG laser set at the parameters already described. After that the specimens received application of 0.5% methylene blue, for 15 minutes. The teeth were cut, photographed, and the digitalized images were analyzed using the ImageLab program. The results obtained were submitted to statistical analysis. Group 4 (Er:YAG) presented the largest averages in percentage of dye penetration area (19.5%), followed by Group 1 (11.1%), Group 3 (1.4%) and Group 2 (0.2%). The experimental model allowed to conclude that the specimens conditioned with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Group 2) and Er:YAG laser associated to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Group 3) presented a decrease in permeability, and the specimens treated with Er:YAG laser (Group 4) presented an increase in permeability of the analyzed area.

scholarly journals Radiographic, biomechanical, and histological evaluation of rhBMP-2 in a 3-level intertransverse process spine fusion: an ovine study

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Toth ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Joshua Lawson ◽  
Jeffrey M. Badura ◽  
Kimberly Bailey DuBose
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Collagen Sponge ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Absorbable Collagen Sponge ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate bone grafts consisting of rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge with a ceramic composite bulking agent, rhBMP-2, directly on a ceramic-collagen sponge carrier or iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) in combination with local bone graft to effect fusion in a multisegmental instrumented ovine lumbar intertransverse process fusion model. METHODS Thirty-six sheep had a single treatment at 3 spinal levels in both the right and left intertransverse process spaces. Group 1 sheep were treated with 7.5 cm3 of autograft consisting of ICBG plus local bone for each intertransverse process space. For Groups 2–4, 4 cm3 of local bone was placed within the intertransverse process space followed by 4.5–5 cm3 of the rhBMP-2 graft material. Group 2 animals received 1.5 mg/cm3 rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge with a commercial bone void filler consisting of Type I lyophilized collagen with a biphasic hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ceramic with local bone. Group 3 animals received 0.75 mg/m cm3 of rhBMP-2 on a collagen ceramic sponge carrier with local bone. Group 4 animals received 1.35 mg/cm3 of rhBMP-2 on the same collagen ceramic sponge carrier with local bone. Sheep were euthanized 6 months postoperatively. Manual palpation, biomechanical testing, CT, radiography, and undecalcified histology were performed to assess the presence of fusion associated with the treatments. RESULTS All animals in Groups 2–4 that received grafts containing rhBMP-2 achieved radiographic and CT fusion at all 3 levels. In Group 1 (bone autograft alone), only 19% of the levels demonstrated radiographic fusion, 14% resulted in possible radiographic fusion, and 67% of the levels demonstrated radiographic nonfusion. Biomechanical testing showed that Groups 2–4 demonstrated similar stiffness of the L2–5 segment in all 6 loading directions, with each of the 3 groups having significantly greater stiffness than the autograft-only group. In Group 1, only 2 of 18 levels were rated as achieving bilateral histological fusion, with an additional 3 levels showing a unilateral fusion. The majority of the treated levels (13/18) in Group 1 were scored as histological nonfusions. There were no histological nonfusions in Groups 2 through 4. All 18 levels in Group 2 were rated as bilateral histological fusions. A majority (34/36) of the levels in Group 3 were rated as bilateral histological fusions, with 2 levels showing a unilateral fusion. A majority (35/36) of the levels in Group 4 were rated as bilateral histological fusions, with 1 level showing a unilateral fusion. CONCLUSIONS In the ovine multilevel instrumented intertransverse process fusion model, rhBMP-2 was able to consistently achieve CT, radiographic, biomechanical, and histological fusion. Compared with ICBG, the gold standard for bone grafting, rhBMP-2 was statistically superior at achieving radiographic and histological fusion.

scholarly journals Examining the Safety and Efficacy of Supplemental Regional Anesthesia After Iliac Crest Harvest During Cleft Alveolar Bone Grafting

FACE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Robert Lesko ◽  
Srinivas M. Susarla ◽  
Denver Lough ◽  
Anand R. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Iliac Crest Bone Graft ◽  
Minimal Access ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The optimal prevention and treatment of pain associated of iliac crest bone graft donor sites for the treatment of cleft alveolus defects has not been well characterized. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of minimal access bone graft techniques with or without regional anesthesia in iliac crest bone harvest and compare to outcomes to traditional open harvest techniques. Methods: A retrospective review of 46 patients undergoing iliac crest bone harvest using traditional open iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) alone (Group 1, n = 20), minimal access ICBG (Group 2, n = 20), or minimal access ICBG with paravertebral anesthetic block (Group 3, n = 5) was performed. Post operative pain scores, narcotic consumption, and hospital stay were analyzed. Results: The average time to first narcotic was 247 minutes in Group 1, 193 in Group 2, and 1162 minutes in Group 3 ( P < .0002). Total narcotic use was 0.117 mg/kg in Group 1, 0.131 mg/kg in Group 2, and 0.072 mg/kg in Group 3. The average pain score (VAS) was 2.96 in Group 1, 1.83 in Group 2, and 1.08 in Group 3 ( P < .01). The average length of stay was 1.45 for Group 1, 1.36 for Group 2, and 1.0 for Group 3. Bone graft extrusion occurred in 6 patients (27.3%) in Group 1 and none in Group 2 or 3. There were no wound infections, bleeding requiring reoperation, or mortalities. Conclusion: The addition of regional anesthesia to minimal access alveolar bone graft harvest significantly reduces time to first narcotic use. Although not significant, a strong trend was found with regional anesthesia to lower the pain score (VAS) and total narcotic use. Regional anesthesia did not significantly reduce the length of hospital stay compared to either group. Minimal access techniques with supplemental regional anesthesia significantly lowered the pain score and time to first narcotic and trended to decreased length of hospitalization and total narcotic use compared to traditional open techniques.

Microbiological evaluation of corneal and contact lens cultures in contact lens-associated bacterial keratitis

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317832
Author(s):  
Sabrina Mukhtar ◽  
Sarah Atta ◽  
Asad Durrani ◽  
Chandrashan Perera ◽  
Regis Kowalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lens ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Organism Group ◽  
Group 1

PurposeTo determine the degree of microbiological agreement between corneal scrapings and contact lens cultures in cases of contact lens-associated keratitis.MethodsElectronic medical records of all cases of contact lens-associated keratitis at a single institution from April 2006 to May 2019 were reviewed. Cases where both corneal scrapings and contact lens cultures were obtained were included in the study. Group 1 demonstrated agreement between corneal scrapings and contact lens cultures. Group 2 demonstrated growth on both cultures, but disagreement in isolated organism. Group 3 demonstrated negative corneal cultures but growth on contact lens cultures and the diagnostic yield of contact lens microbiological cultures and agreement between corneal and contact lens cultures.ResultsA total of 80 eyes of 72 patients were included in the study. 135 total incidences of microbiological results were included for data analysis. Group 1 contained nine incidences (6.7%), group 2 contained 60 incidences (44.4%) and group 3 contained 66 incidences (49%). In group 3, 50% of the cases were treated based on contact lens culture data. There was no statistically significant difference between all three groups in terms of baseline characteristics, presenting vision, vision at last follow-up, number of antibiotics used or complications from keratitis. Pseudomonas was the most common microorganism isolated, and in 89% of these cases, there was disagreement between corneal and contact lens cultures.ConclusionsAlthough there was a disagreement in the microbiological yield between contact lens and corneal cultures, contact lens cultures were useful in management of patients while achieving similar outcomes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Amniotic-Derived Membrane Biomaterial as an Adjunct for Repair of Critical Sized Bone Defects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Starecki ◽  
John A. Schwartz ◽  
Daniel A. Grande
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Autogenous Bone Graft ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Autogenous bone graft is the gold standard in reconstruction of bone defects. The use of autogenous bone graft is problematic because of limited bone as well as donor site morbidity. This study evaluates a novel biomaterial as an alternative to autogenous bone graft. The biomaterial is amniotic membrane, rich in growth factors. Methods. Twenty-one adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with biomaterial using the rat critical size femoral gap model. After creation of the critical size femoral gap animals were randomized to one of the following groups: Group 1 (control): gap left empty and received no treatment; Group 2 (experimental): the gap was filled with commercially available bone graft; Group 3 (experimental): the gap was filled with bone graft plus NuCel amniotic tissue preparation. Results. The experimental groups demonstrated new bone formation compared to controls. The results were evident on radiographs and histology. Histology showed Group 1 controls to have 11.1% new bone formation, 37.8% for Group 2, and 49.2% for Group 3. These results were statistically significant. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that amniotic membrane products have potential to provide bridging of bone defects. Filling bone defects without harvesting autogenous bone would provide a significant improvement in patient care.

scholarly journals Models to represent linguistic linked data

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BOSQUE-GIL ◽  
J. GRACIA ◽  
E. MONTIEL-PONSODA ◽  
A. GÓMEZ-PÉREZ
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractAs the interest of the Semantic Web and computational linguistics communities in linguistic linked data (LLD) keeps increasing and the number of contributions that dwell on LLD rapidly grows, scholars (and linguists in particular) interested in the development of LLD resources sometimes find it difficult to determine which mechanism is suitable for their needs and which challenges have already been addressed. This review seeks to present the state of the art on the models, ontologies and their extensions to represent language resources as LLD by focusing on the nature of the linguistic content they aim to encode. Four basic groups of models are distinguished in this work: models to represent the main elements of lexical resources (group 1), vocabularies developed as extensions to models in group 1 and ontologies that provide more granularity on specific levels of linguistic analysis (group 2), catalogues of linguistic data categories (group 3) and other models such as corpora models or service-oriented ones (group 4). Contributions encompassed in these four groups are described, highlighting their reuse by the community and the modelling challenges that are still to be faced.

scholarly journals 3D geometry of femoral reaming for bone graft harvesting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Gehweiler ◽  
Nina Schmitz ◽  
Boyko Gueorguiev ◽  
Ivan Zderic ◽  
Leonard Grünwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Decrease ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) technique allows to collect large bone graft amounts without the drawbacks of iliac crest harvesting. Nevertheless, clinical cases with occurrence of femur fractures have been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically investigate the three-dimensional geometry of the reamed bone as a function of the reaming diameter and its influence on the associated potential fracture pattern. Forty-five intact fresh-frozen human cadaveric femora underwent computed tomography (CT). They were randomized to three groups (n = 15) for reaming at a diameter of either 1.5 mm (Group 1), 2.5 mm (Group 2) or 4.0 mm (Group 3) larger than their isthmus using RIA. Reaming was followed by a second CT scan, biomechanical testing until failure and a third CT scan. All CT scans of each femur were aligned via rigid registration, and fracture lines were visualized. Subsequently, a decrease in wall thickness, cross-sectional area, and harvested bone volume have been evaluated. The total volume of the bone graft was significantly higher for Group 3 (7.8 ± 2.9 ml) compared to Group 1 (2.9 ± 1.1 ml) and Group 2 (3.0 ± 1.1 ml). The maximal relative decrease of the wall thickness was located medially (72.7%) in the third (61.4%), fourth (18.2%) and second (9.1%) eighth for all groups. As the diameter of the reaming increased, an overlap of the fracture line with the maximal relative decrease in wall thickness and a maximal average relative decrease of the cross-sectional area became more frequent. This suggests that a reaming-associated fracture is most likely to occur in this region.

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