scholarly journals Prevalence of Congenital Malaria in Kisangani, A Stable Malaria Transmission Area in Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Labama Otuli Noël ◽  
Bosenge Nguma Jean-Didier ◽  
Maindo Alongo Mike-Antoine ◽  
Katenga Bosunga Gedeon ◽  
Mbo Mukonkole Jean-Paulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Congenital Malaria ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. Gestational malaria is a major public health problem. It produces fetal complications such as low birth weight, perinatal mortality, and congenital malaria. The present study is aimed at determining the prevalence of congenital malaria and its neonatal complications in the city of Kisangani. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Kisangani from 1 January to 30 September 2018. Our study population was composed of 1248 newborns born in our study sites, during the period of our study. Just after their birth, we performed the thick drop smear in the placental print and in umbilical blood smear. Results. The prevalence of congenital malaria was 13.98%; 69.23% of newborns who contracted congenital malaria were from 18- to 34-year-old mothers, 53.85% from primiparous mothers, 92.31% from mothers who took intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, all (100%) from mothers using the insecticide-treated mosquito nets and 7.69% from HIV-positive mothers. Low birth weight and perinatal mortality were recorded in 76.92% and 7.69% of congenital malaria cases, respectively. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine had no effect on congenital malaria (FE=0.5218; OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.1651-3.8769) and on low birth weight (FE=0.3675; OR: 1.2308, 95% CI: 0.0037-0.1464); however, it seemed to have protective effect against perinatal mortality (FE=0.0001; OR: 0.0233, 95% CI: 0.0037-0.1464). Conclusion. Congenital malaria remains a major problem in stable malaria transmission area like Kisangani, and it is grafted by major perinatal complications, particularly low birth weight and perinatal mortality. We recommend an extended study to clarify the relationship between the outcome of pregnancy and the intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Low Birth Weight before and after Policy Change to IPTp-SP in Two Selected Hospitals in Southern Nigeria: Eleven-Year Retrospective Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nneka U. Igboeli ◽  
Maxwell O. Adibe ◽  
Chinwe V. Ukwe ◽  
Nze C. Aguwa
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. In 2005, Nigeria changed its policy on prevention of malaria in pregnancy to intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). Indicators of impact of effective prevention and control of malaria on pregnancy (MIP) are low birth weight (LBW) and maternal anaemia by parity. This study determined the prevalence of LBW for different gravidity groups during periods of pre- and postpolicy change to IPTp-SP. Methods. Eleven-year data were abstracted from the delivery registers of two hospitals. Study outcomes calculated for both pre- (2000–2004) and post-IPTp-SP-policy (2005–2010) years were prevalence of LBW for different gravidity groups and risk of LBW in primigravidae compared to multigravidae. Results. Out of the 11,496 singleton deliveries recorded within the 11-year period, the prevalence of LBW was significantly higher in primigravidae than in multigravidae for both prepolicy (6.3% versus 4%) and postpolicy (8.6% versus 5.1%) years. The risk of LBW in primigravidae compared to multigravidae increased from 1.62 (1.17–2.23) in the prepolicy years to 1.74 (1.436–2.13) during the postpolicy years. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that both the prevalence and risk of LBW remained significantly higher in primigravidae even after the change in policy to IPTp-SP.

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND PRENATAL NUTRITION: AN INTERPRETATIVE REVIEW

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-966
Author(s):  
Lawrence Bergner ◽  
Mervyn W. Susser
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Retarded Child ◽  
Prenatal Nutrition ◽  
In Pregnancy

Birth weight is considered as a possible crucial intervening variable in a causal sequence that leads from prenatal nutrition to perinatal mortality and retarded child development. Birth weight is shown to have a stronger correlation with perinatal mortality than length of gestation. In New York City, if black infants had the same birth weight distribution as white infants, and the same weight-specific perinatal death rates as they now do, their expected overall perinatal death rate would be the same as for white infants. Three conclusions are germane to the prevention of low birth weight: first, the fetal growth that leads to important variation in birthweight occurs in the last trimester; second, birth weight is influenced by factors in the wider environment as well as in the maternal environment; and third, birth weight is influenced by factors having their origin and effect during gestation. The role of maternal nutrition during gestation is then examined as a factor in birth weight. Observational studies of circumstances of wartime deprivation support a nutritional hypothesis, but observational studies of everyday diets in pregnancy, and quasi-experimental studies that supplement nutrition in pregnancy, have given equivocal results. The hypothesis requires fresh testing. An experimental approach can eliminate or control many extraneous and confounding variables.

scholarly journals Placental Plasmodium Parasitemia and Pregnancy Outcome In Asymptomatic Parturients at Term In A Tertiary Institution South East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Ndukwe Nwigboji ◽  
John Okafor Egede ◽  
Peace Chinyere Igwe ◽  
Matthew Nwali Igwe ◽  
Gregory Chinedu Nwigwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Congenital Malaria ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and can result in placental malaria with its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.Method: This was a case control study involving 190 consenting, asymptomatic, booked parturients, recruited consecutively at 36 week. The aim was to determine the effect of placental malaria on pregnancy outcome in asymptomatic women delivering at term. The participants were screened for malaria parasites using peripheral blood film. Based on their results, the participants were grouped into parasitemia positive cases (Group 1) and parasitemia negative controls (Group 2). Both groups were then followed up in the clinic till they presented in labour at term. In labour, participants’ peripheral venous blood sample were collected and used to determine intrapartum haematocrit and peripheral parasitemia. After delivery, cord blood and a section of the placenta were collected for investigation. Data analysis: Collected data were analysed using Statistical Product and service solutions (SPSS) software (version 20). Numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation (Mean SD), while categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. Chi-square test(X2) was used to compare qualitative variables. Odds ratio (OR) and Confidence interval(CI) were used to observe the odds of outcomes. A p-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of placental malaria and congenital malaria were 41.05% and 29.47% respectively. Birth weight, APGAR score, NICU admission or congenital malaria were not statistically significant between the two groups. The mean birth weight was 3.16 ± 0.5 kg while 17.89% had low birth weight. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the association of placental parasitaemia and maternal anaemia or dose of IPT taken. There was no significant association between placental parasitaemia and low parity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of maternal anaemia and low birth weight showed significant placental parasitaemia in both cases (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Placental parasitaemia is a major complication of malaria in pregnancy and is associated with adverse feto-maternal effects. Early booking and uptake of intermittent preventive therapy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine may help reduce the adverse effects.

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