Feeling of loneliness and its correlation to self-esteem in children with Asperger’s disorder in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Asperger's Disorder (AS) and feeling of loneliness (FOL) are related to low self-esteem (SE) in children as many autistic children do not participate in society. However, there was a need to further explore the correlation between the feeling of loneliness (FOL) and self-esteem in children with AS in the Saudi context. This study aimed at investigating the type of correlation between FOL and SE in the sample of children with AS and typically developing children from primary school pupils in Riyadh. It drew a comparison between the study sample individuals regarding psychological loneliness as well as SE according to the sex variable (male/female) and developmental disorder variable (children with AS and typically developing children). It further discussed the prevalence of psychological loneliness, low self-esteem, and negative social perception in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. It adopted the descriptive approach (correlative/comparative). The data were statistically analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, two-direction variance analysis (2x2), and T-Test. This is a pioneering study in terms of emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention to identify children with AS and taking precautionary measures and treatment in the Saudi context. The findings indicated that FOL is negatively correlated to SE in children with AS and typically developing children of both sexes. This result is consistent with the findings of the previous studies. It was also found that male children with AS demonstrated more FOL and less SE than female children with AS. The study also provided some educational recommendations and proposed further research in this area. It also recommended developing training programs and courses for parents to optimally deal with the mentally retarded child.

About the origin of the acrocentric part of non-acrocentric satellited chromosomes in humans

Variants in size of the acrocentric short arms (acro-ps) are normally not reported and considered as chromosomal heteromorphisms (CHMs) without any influence on the carrier’s phenotype. However, if acro-ps are translocated to ends of A-chromosomes (i.e. human chromosomes 1-22 and X or Y), those rearrangements are studied in more detail. The aim of the study: Here we characterized 11 healthy carriers of a non-acrocentric satellited chromosomes der(A)t(A;acro)(pter or qter;p1?1.2) to determine the frequency of chromosome 15p and 22p in such rearrangements. Materials and methods: 11 carriers of one (10 cases) or two (1 case) der(A)t(A;acro) were identified during routine cytogenetic analyses. They were originally referred due to infertility or due to a mentally retarded child with otherwise abnormal karyotype. Here derivative chromosomes were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization applying probes D15Z1 (specific for 15p11.2) and D22Z4 (specific for 22p11.2). As there are no DNA-sequences available for 13p11.2, 14p11.2 and 21p11.2 these regions could not be tested. Results: D15Z1 sequences were identified in 1 out of 12 derivatives der(A)t(A;acro). D22Z1 could not be detected in any of the 11 remainder derivatives. However, only 3 of the 12 der(A)t(A;acro) had acro-ps large enough to potentially comprise sub-band p11.2. Conclusion: In contrast to der(Y)t(Y;acro)(q12;p1?1.2), where in at least 65% of the cases the acro-p part contains D15Z1 sequences, here it could be shown that in der(A)t(A;acro) 15p involvement can be substantiated much less frequently. Also, in none of the two groups D22Z4-sequences were detected in acro-p-parts yet. Besides, breakpoint of acro-pparts in der(A)t(A;acro) seem to be in ~75% of the cases distal from p11.2.

Pengembangan Aplikasi Permainan Self-Confidence Book untuk Meningkatkan Self-Confidence pada Anak Tunagrahita

The purpose of this study is to increase self-confidence in mentally retarded children who are designed using an application-based self-confidence book so as to provide attraction to the mentally retarded child. The method used in this study is the study of literature by examining 8 journals related to the self-confidence book (busy book) game. The literature review results that have been reviewed are used to develop this research related to application-based self confidence book games for mentally retarded children.The results showed that of 30 mentally retarded children in the intervention group before being given a game showed 16 children experienced insecurity with an average of 2.13, while in the control group showed 18 children experienced insecurity with an average of 1.73. After being given a game in the intervention group showed 14 children experienced self-confidence with an average of 3.20 while in the control group showed 17 children experienced self-confidence with an average of 1.70. There was an increase in the average self-confidence of mentally retarded children before and after the game was given with an average of 2.13 before the intervention and 3.20 after the intervention was given to the intervention group.

Treatment of a Boy with Idiopathic Mental Retardation: From Uneducable to Educable.

Background: Mental retardation has been recently called by the American Psychiatric Association “Intellectual disability”, despite that the World Health Organization is still using the term “Mental retardation” in its ICD-10 publication. It is a heterogeneous condition marked by generalized neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with significant impairment in mental or intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors that affect every day general living. Patients and methods: A comprehensive multi-factorial treatment approach was used to treat a boy with idiopathic (Moderate to severe) mental retardation who was uneducable with the main aim of making him more educable. Treatment courses included intramuscular citicoline, piracetam, cerebrolysin and oral pyritinol. Results: Treatment was successful in advancing the mental and cognitive functions of the patient and making the child perfectly educable. Conclusion: There is no single agent that is known to convert an educable mentally retarded child to perfectly educable. Idiopathic mental retardation is a heterogeneous condition and the use of multi-factorial therapeutic agents is suggested for its treatment.

Congenital Hypothyroidism among Newborns and its Association with Maternal Biosocial Factors in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

Congenital hypothyroidism is the commonest preventable cause of mental retardation. It is more prevalent in endemic goiter regions like Bangladesh. This study was done to assess the congenital hypothyroidism in neonates (age 4 to 28 days) admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at pediatric department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from July 2016 to June 2018. After taking written consent from each mother/guardian, 3 ml venous blood was collected and sent to the laboratory of Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajshahi to estimate serum TSH/ serum TSH and T4 level. Total 500 samples were collected in two years of study period. All information was put in the data collection sheet and was analyzed through standard statistical method by using SPSS version 16.0. Serum level of TSH ≥ 20 μIU/ml was considered as congenital hypothyroidism. Serum level increased but bellow 20μIU/ml were recalled to repeat serum TSH level within 2 to 6 weeks of age. Among 500,321(64.2%) male and 179 (35.8%) female, Among 500 study population, 199 and 135 came from Rajshahi and Chapai Nawabganj district respectively. Total 7 mothers were hypothyroid and on thyroid replacement therapy. TSH level above 20 μIU/ml was found in 5 neonates, 11 to 20 μIU/ml in 7 neonates. After repeat TSH testing one infant had serum TSH level above 20 μIU/ml. Finally total 6 infants were diagnosed as having congenital hypothyroidism. Thus frequency of congenital hypothyroidism was 1.2%. Congenital hypothyroidism in Rajshahi region is very high in relation to global incidence. Although this is not the actual picture of our country but this figure is alarming. Therefore neonatal screening program should be started as soon as possible to reduce the number of mentally retarded child. Maternal obesity and thyroidal status have significant association with neonatal TSH level. TAJ 2019; 32(2): 36-42

Program Pelatihan Menggosok Gigi Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bina Diri Siswa Tunagrahita di SLB se-Kota Padang

Education is a basic right that every child in general must have without exception. Academic, social and emotional abilities can develop well through education. The curriculum used in Indonesia at the moment was the 2013 curriculum. One of the schools that carries out educational activities was the Extraordinary School (SLB). SLB was one of the place whom expected to develop the development of mentally retarded children. Through Special School, mentally retarded children got academic and non-academic education that suits their needs. One of the skills that must be taught is the ability to brush your teeth. Retarded students in the moderate category still find it difficult to brushed parts of teeth that were located inside such as right and left teeth and inner teeth. In addition to the position of the teeth, the frequency and time of tooth brushing was also a problem for the mentally retarded child. based on the activities that have been carried out, it appears that the ability of teachers to brush their teeth has improved, this is expected to help their students to brush their teeth properly.

Pola Asuh Orang Tua dalam Mengembangkan Interaksi Sosial Anak Tunagrahita Sedang di SLB N 02 Padang

This research discusses about parenting parents in developing social interactions of moderate mentally retarded children in SLB N 02 Padang, where there is a moderate mentally retarded child has a good social interactions ability. This research goals to describe the form of parenting parents that able to develop their children’s social interctions that has a level of intelligence below the average so that the child has difficulty in interacting socially towards the social environtment so that later it can be used as motivation to every parent in giving the righ form of parenting parent for their children this research using qualitative desciptive, the subjects of this research are parent of children, his brother, local society, and teacher. So that all data can be collected by researcher using observation, interviews, and documentation. The result of researchis the parent have authoritative parenting type, wherethe parents have openness and create a good communication to their child so that make the child’s interactions social become good and able to get along with teh environtment.

Maud Mannoni and Piera Aulagnier on Mental Illness and Disability: Parents at the Boundary between Society and Childhood (France, 1960–80)

This article reads Maud Mannoni's The Retarded Child and the Mother (1973) and L'éducation impossible (1973) in the context of French ‘institutional analysis’ in order to nuance criticism of Mannoni's work, particularly the criticism that Mannoni blamed mothers for the conditions of their children. Institutional analysis emerged in France after World War II. Institutional analysts drew from psychotherapy, sociology, and education in order to question power dynamics and the consequences of bureaucracy in their areas of research. Although often overlooked, this movement influenced Mannoni just as much as commonly acknowledged influences like Jacques Lacan and the anti-psychiatry movement. Moreover, connecting the preoccupations of institutional analysis with a more Lacanian approach, the thought of the understudied yet brilliant French psychoanalyst Piera Aulagnier (1923–90) offers crucial insights into the way political and social structures shape individual psyches. Retrieving these influences, we argue that Mannoni did not blame individual mothers for their children's pathologies. Instead, she identified the social and political dimensions of psychopathologies and suggested tackling the roots of psychic diseases in social institutions.

Features of the emotional-personal sphere in children with mental retardment

In article the detailed analysis of modern researches in the field of studying of emotional and personal characteristics of mentally retarded children is given. During the carried-out work features of the emotional and personal sphere of the children of younger school age with easy degree of intellectual backwardness who are brought up in families and being in boarding school conditions which are shown that mentally retarded children from families to a thicket are guided by motives of behavior as self-approving and social approved elections and have the increased uneasiness level are revealed; mentally retarded children from families are more disturbing. Authors focus attention on importance of carrying out psychoeducational programs as one of the most important components of system of rehabilitation of the families which are bringing up the mentally retarded child.