scholarly journals A Novel On-Ramp Merging Strategy for Connected and Automated Vehicles Based on Game Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haigen Min ◽  
Yukun Fang ◽  
Runmin Wang ◽  
Xiaochi Li ◽  
Zhigang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
The Cost

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have attracted much attention of researchers because of its potential to improve both transportation network efficiency and safety through control algorithms and reduce fuel consumption. However, vehicle merging at intersection is one of the main factors that lead to congestion and extra fuel consumption. In this paper, we focused on the scenario of on-ramp merging of CAVs, proposed a centralized approach based on game theory to control the process of on-ramp merging for all agents without any collisions, and optimized the overall fuel consumption and total travel time. For the framework of the game, benefit, loss, and rules are three basic components, and in our model, benefit is the priority of passing the merging point, represented via the merging sequence (MS), loss is the cost of fuel consumption and the total travel time, and the game rules are designed in accordance with traffic density, fairness, and wholeness. Each rule has a different degree of importance, and to get the optimal weight of each rule, we formulate the problem as a double-objective optimization problem and obtain the results by searching the feasible Pareto solutions. As to the assignment of merging sequence, we evaluate each competitor from three aspects by giving scores and multiplying the corresponding weight and the agent with the higher score gets comparatively smaller MS, i.e., the priority of passing the intersection. The simulations and comparisons are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, the proposed method improved the fuel economy and saved the travel time.

Design of Zonal Express Bus Services to Reduce User Travel Time and Transfers Considering Demand Diversion

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110184
Author(s):  
Sedong Moon ◽  
Dong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Shin-Hyung Cho
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reduced Time ◽  
Demand Diversion ◽  
Selection Of

Zonal express is an operational strategy for express transit service that only stops in the initial and final zones of its route while skipping stops in-between. Zonal express provides a service with less travel and transfer time by aggregating trip demands with similar origins, destinations, and departure times. In this study, new zonal express routes are designed to reduce the travel and transfer times of transit users efficiently. This study develops a methodology that considers demand diversion. To meet the purpose, the following are conducted: (1) estimation of zonal express demand; (2) clustering of demand with similar origins, destinations, and departure times; (3) selection of candidate clusters; (4) optimization of stops and routes of zonal express; and (5) determining zonal express routes in which the benefit from reduced time and transfers outweighs the cost. The methodology is applied to an actual transportation network in Seoul, South Korea, using smartcard, car navigation, and spatial information data. The result shows that zonal express can reduce users’ travel time and the number of transfers effectively. This study proposes that it is desirable to introduce the zonal express sequentially from the route with the highest net benefit under a budget constraint. This study also presents the results when fares change to provide implications for pricing strategies of the zonal express. Future studies can consider incorporating various objective functions or utilizing vehicles in different time slots.

scholarly journals A Game Theory Approach for the Operators’ Behavior Analysis in the Urban Passenger Transportation Market

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Hu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Guang Lin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Level Model

Urban passenger transportation market in China now is composed by three public transportation modes, including the conventional bus, taxi and the subway (or light rail). There are both cooperation and competitive behavior existing among these three different transportation modes. This paper aims to describe how these three operators make their operational decisions in the competitive environment. A bi-level programming operational model is proposed to model urban passenger transportation operators’ decision behavior, which is based on the game theory to describe the behavioral conjectures among the management authority, different operators and passengers. The upper-level model described the management authority’ regulation on the fares of each mode, which aimed to achieve the comprehensive social objectives, indexed by the travel time cost, air pollution cost and energy consumption cost. The lower-level model described the three operators’ aiming to maximize the profit by determining the service frequency, which can reflect the operators’ cooperation and completive behavior under urban passenger transportation economic policy. A Logit model is proposed to analyze passengers’ mode choice behavior with the maximization of their travel utilities, which considers the total travel time, waiting time and total travel fare of each mode. This research will provide more evidence for urban passenger transportation development and contribute to urban passenger transportation economic policy establishment and implementation.

A heuristic algorithm based on leaf photosynthate transport

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bin ◽  
Shan Wenxuan ◽  
Guo Zhen ◽  
Wang Yunpeng
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Total Travel Time

Transportation network design is non-deterministic polynomial-time hard due to its attributes of multi-objects, multi-constraints, and the non-convexity objective function. In this paper, a bi-level programming model is proposed for the transportation network design. The upper layer pursues the minimum total travel time of users and the total length of the road network simultaneously, while the lower layer is an equilibrium assignment model. A new algorithm for the network optimization based on the principle of leaf photosynthate transport in nature is proposed. The proposed algorithm simulates the natural selection of biological evolution and genetic transmission. It can retain the genetic idea of the evolutionary algorithm, together with the heuristic information update mechanism of swarm intelligence. Finally, empirical research is carried out with the Sioux Falls network to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that although the total network length obtained by the proposed algorithm increases slightly compared with the ant colony algorithm and the genetic algorithm, the total travel time and objective function value reduce obviously. This indicates that the proposed algorithm has good performance on topology and efficiency.

scholarly journals A Signal Timing Method to Reduce the Emissions in Arterials (Case Study: Enghelab Avenue in Ahvaz)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (Special-Issue1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Omid Rezvan ◽  
Seyed Tabatabaei ◽  
Marziyeh Yoosefi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Signal Coordination ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Actuated Signal Control

Actuated signal control is very efficient for isolated intersections, but along arterials it lacks the means to synchronize signals, leading to high delays and frequent stops which produce high emissions and fuel consumption. This research aims to use new paradigms based on actuated control that can lead signals to synchronize with their neighboring intersections resulting in reduction of emissions, fuel consumption and travel time in the arterials. In this research, traffic signal coordination software Synchro 8 was used to coordinate the signals on closely spaced intersections in Enghelab avenue in Ahvaz. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed control logic, a simulation test bed was developed in the traffic simulation model SimTraffic 8 and 3D viewer 8.The Proposed logic resulted in total travel time, emissions and fuel consumption reductions of up to 25.6 %, 12.61% and 16.4% respectively compared to current condition logic in Enghelab avenue.

scholarly journals Influence of road conditions on vehicles’ fuel consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Kateryna Dodukh ◽  
◽  
Anton Palchyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The Road ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
Optimum Fuel Consumption ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

The article deals with the influence of road conditions on fuel consumption by vehicles when transporting goods and passengers, which depends on the speed of movement. The optimum fuel consumption corresponds to the optimum speed of movement which is distinctive for each type of car. Increase or decrease of the optimum speed leads to increased fuel consumption. Elevations reduce the speed and increase fuel consumption by up to 30%. Road conditions (width of roadway, condition of surface, presence of horizontal curves, longitudinal slopes, pedestrian crossings, settlements) cause a change in the speed of movement and consumption of fuel and lubricants. It is possible to take into account the road conditions by plotting the speed of movement along the route, the change in the speed occuring during the travel time and socio-economic indicators of the route. Based on this chart, fuel costs and route times are calculated. Since the cost of fuel is 50-52% of the cost of transportation of goods and passengers, the cost will be roughly 2 times higher. The cost of transportation of goods by trucks is characterized by the cost of transportation, and the transportation of passengers by the cost and time spent by passengers when traveling the route.

A Platooning Strategy for Automated Vehicles in the Presence of Speed Limit Fluctuations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (20) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Arefizadeh ◽  
Alireza Talebpour
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Car Following Model

Platooning is expected to enhance the efficiency of operating automated vehicles. The positive impacts of platooning on travel time reliability, congestion, emissions, and energy consumption have been shown for homogenous roadway segments. However, the transportation system consists of inhomogeneous segments, and understanding the full impacts of platooning requires investigation in a realistic setup. One of the main reasons for inhomogeneity is speed limit fluctuations. Speed limit changes frequently throughout the transportation network, due to safety-related considerations (e.g., changes in geometry and workzone operations) or congestion management schemes (e.g., speed harmonization systems). In the current transportation systems with human-driven vehicles, these speed drops can potentially result in shockwave formation, which can cause travel time unreliability. Automated vehicles, however, have the potential to prevent shockwave formation and propagation and, therefore, enhance travel time reliability. Accordingly, this study presents a constant time headway strategy for automated vehicle platooning to ensure accurate tracking of any velocity profile in the presence of speed limit fluctuations. The performance of the presented platooning strategy is compared with Gipps’ car-following model and intelligent driver model, as representatives of regular non-automated vehicles. Simulation results show that implementing a fully autonomous system prevents shockwave formation and propagation, and enhances travel time reliability by accurately tracking the desired velocity profile. Moreover, the performance of platoons of regular and automated vehicles is investigated in the presence of a speed drop. The results show that as the market penetration rate of automated vehicles increases, the platoon can track the velocity profile more accurately.

scholarly journals Optimum Location of Autonomous Vehicle Lanes: A Model Considering Capacity Variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sara Movaghar ◽  
Mahmoud Mesbah ◽  
Meeghat Habibian
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Bilevel Optimization ◽  
Network Design Problem ◽  
Variable Capacity ◽  
Total Travel Time

This paper proposes a model to find the optimal location of autonomous vehicle lanes in a transportation network consisting of both Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs) while accounting for the roadway capacity variation. The main contribution of the model is considering a generalized definition of capacity as a function of AV proportion on a link and incorporating it into the network design problem. A bilevel optimization model is proposed with total travel time as the objective function to be minimized. At the upper-level problem, the optimal locations of AV lanes are determined, and at the lower level which is a multiclass equilibrium assignment, road users including both AVs and HDVs seek to minimize their individual travel times. It is shown that if capacity variation is ignored, the effect of AV lane deployment can be misleading. Since there will be a long transition period during which both AVs and HDVs will coexist in the network, this model can help the network managers to optimally reallocate the valuable road space and better understand the effects of AV lane deployment at the planning horizon as well as during the transition period. Employing this model as a planning tool presents how the proposed AV lane deployment plan could consider the AV market penetration growth during the transition period. Numerical analysis based on the Sioux Falls network is presented in two cases with and without variable capacity to illustrate the application of this model. At the 60% penetration rate of AVs, the improvement in total travel time was 3.85% with a fix capacity while this improvement was 9.88% with a variable capacity.

scholarly journals Route Choice Model Considering Generalized Travel Cost Based on Game Theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yu-qin ◽  
Leng Jun-qiang ◽  
Xie Zhong-Yu ◽  
Zhang Gui-e ◽  
He Yi
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Weight Coefficient ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
The Cost

This paper aims at testing the influence of emission factors on travelers’ behavior of route choice. The generalized travel cost is defined as the linear weighted sum of emission factors, travel time, and travel time reliability. The relational model of exhaust volume and traffic volume is established using the BPR (Bureau of Public Road) function to calculate the cost of travel regarding emission. The BPR function is used to measure the road segment travel time, while the reliability is used to quantify the cost of travel time fluctuation. At last, the route choice model considering the generalized travel cost is established based on the game theory. The calculating and analyzing of results under a miniature road network show that the weight coefficient of travel cost influences the travelers’ behavior of route choice remarkably and the route choice model which takes emission into account can reduce the exhaust of road network effectively, approximately 11.4% in this case.

scholarly journals The Model of Vehicle and Route Selection for Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4528
Author(s):  
Olga Lingaitienė ◽  
Juozas Merkevičius ◽  
Vida Davidavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Source Use

The World Bank, United Nations, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and others are in line with the governments of countries that are strongly interested in the sustainable development of countries, regions, and enterprises. One of the aspects that affects the indicators and prospects of sustainable development is the efficiency of energy source use. Nationwide reductions in the greenhouse gas emissions of motor vehicles could have a direct effect on ambient temperature and reducing the effects of global warming, which can affect future environmental, societal, and economic development. Significant reductions in fuel consumption can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of use, and the performance, of current cargo vehicles. This aspect is directly related to cargo delivery systems and supply chain efficiency and effectiveness. The article solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of cargo delivery and proposes a model that would minimize transportation costs that are directly related to fuel consumption, shortening transportation time. The model addresses the problem of a lack of models evaluating the efficiency of cargo to Lithuania that is using several different modes of transportation. For the solution to this problem, the article examines the complexity of the rational use of land and water vehicles depending on the type of cargo transported, the technical capabilities of the vehicles (loading, speed, environmental pollution, fuel consumption, etc.), and the type (cars, railways, ships). The novelty of the findings is based on the availability to select the most appropriate vehicles, on a case-by-case basis, from the available options, depending on their environmental performance and energy efficiency. This model, later in this article, is used for calculations of Lithuanian companies for selecting the most rational vehicle by identifying the most appropriate route, as well as assessing the dynamics of the economic and physical indicators. The model allows for creating dependencies between the main indicators characterizing the transport process—the cost, the time of transport, and the safety, taking into account the dynamics of economic and physical indicators, that lead to a very important issue—reducing the amount of energy required to provide products and services.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Rate of Fuel Consumption in Aircrafts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8066
Author(s):  
Thowayeb H. Hassan ◽  
Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih ◽  
Amany E. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Ground Distance ◽  
The Cost

The cost of fuel and its availability are among the most major concerns for aircrafts and the aviation industry overall. Environmental difficulties with chemical pollutant emissions emitted by aviation machines are also connected to fuel consumption. As a result, it is crucial to examine factors that affect the overall fuel usage and consumption in the airport-based aviation industry. Several variables were investigated related to the total fuel consumed, such as dry operating weight (DOW) (KG), zero-fuel weight (ZFW), take-off weight (TOW), air distance (AIR DIST) (KM), and ground distance (GDN DIST). Analysis of the correlation between total fuel consumed as well as the extra fuel and selected variables was conducted. The results showed that the most positively associated factors with the total used fuel were the air distance (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.01), ground distance (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.01), TOW (r2 = 0.68, p < 0.01), and flight time (r2 = 0.68, p < 0.01). There was also a strong positive association between the average fuel flow (FF) and actual TOW (r2 = 0.74, p < 0.01) as well as ZFW (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The generalized linear model (GLM) was utilized to assess the predictions of total energy usage after evaluating important outliers, stability of the homogeneity of variance, and the normalization of the parameter estimation. The results of multiple linear regression revealed that the most significant predictors of the total consumed fuel were the actual ZFW (p < 0.01), actual TOW (p < 0.01), and actual average FF (p < 0.05). The results interestingly confirmed that wind speed has some consequences and effects on arrival fuel usage. The result reflects that thermal and hydrodynamic economies impact on the flying fuel economy. The research has various implications for both scholars and practitioners of aviation industry.

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