Assessment of the resource formation of truck tires in mountainous conditions during the construction of the Rogun hydro power plants

In the harsh mountainous conditions of the operation of trucks during the construction of hydraulic structures, the car tire is the most vulnerable element that determines the efficiency of the transport process and the cost of transportation. Due to a significant decrease in the resource of truck tires in the harsh mountain conditions, the cost of operating a vehicle increases significantly. The purpose of the study is related to the assessment, adjustment and regulation of the resource, as well as planning the costs of purchasing and the entire life cycle of truck tires operated in mountainous conditions. The work is devoted to the assessment of the formation of the resource of truck tires in the mountainous conditions of the construction of the Rogun HPP, taking into account the influence of the most significant factors. To assess the formation of the resource of truck tires in the mountainous conditions of the construction of the Rogun HPP, an integrated scientific approach was used, taking into account the most significant factors. The assessment of the influence of fluctuations of external influences on the object of research, depending on the conditions and nature of the process of formation of the tire resource was carried out by the probabilistic-statistical method, and the empirical characteristics of the distribution of the above factors were calculated by the method of V.I. Romanovsky. The simplified mathematical model presented in the article can be recommended when adjusting the tire resources of trucks in mountainous conditions during the construction of hydraulic structures (for example, the construction of the Rogun HPP). The practical significance of the work is associated with the selection and planning of the need for automobile tires, operated in mountain conditions. The research results can be recommended for assessing the resource of tires of various standard sizes and designs mounted on trucks of various modifications, operated in various road and climatic conditions during the construction of hydraulic structures.

Impact of seasonality on the inbound and outbound freight of a global fertilizer company

The growing importance of agriculture in the Brazilian economy makes it essential that agricultural companies seek to increase their logistics competitiveness. This study aimed to compare and analyze the impact of seasonality of grain harvest and specific events, such as the 2018 Brazil truck drivers’ strike, on the prices of inbound and outbound freight in a multinational company located in several Brazilian states. It focused on the CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) routes of the company between 2015 and 2019 in Brazil, and the relationship between time of year and cost of transportation. These data were analyzed in a descriptive level after being treated by statistical analysis. This study showed that the costs of outbound freight suffered greater increases compared to the inbound freight due to the seasonality of grain harvest and the 2018 Brazil truck drivers’ strike.

Optimization of Fuzzy Species Pythagorean Transportation Problem under Preserved Uncertainties

The transportation of big species is essential to rescue or relocate them and it requires the optimized cost of transportation. The present study brings out an optimized way to handle a special class of transportation problem called the Pythagorean fuzzy species transportation problem. To deal effectively with uncertain parameters, a new method for finding the initial fuzzy basic feasible solution (IFBFS) has been developed and applied. To test the optimality of the solutions obtained, a new approach named the Pythagorean fuzzy modified distribution method is developed. After reviewing the literature, it has been observed that till now the work done on Pythagorean fuzzy transportation problems is solely based on defuzzification techniques and so the optimal solutions obtained are in crisp form only. However, the proposed study is focused to get the optimal solution in its fuzzy form only. Getting results in the fuzzy form will lead to avoid any kind of loss of information during the defuzzification process. A comparative study with other defuzzification-based methods has been done to validate the proposed approach and it confirms the utility of the proposed methodology.

Pengembangan Ternak Ayam Kampung Melalui Penerapan Teknologi Inseminasi Buatan dan Pemanfaatan Pakan Lokal di Kota Kendari

ABSTRACT The supply DOC of super free-range chicken in Southeast Sulawesi until now still comes from outside. This causes the DOC price to be quite high due to the high cost of transportation in the distribution process. In addition, the pandemic period also made the situation more difficult to obtain DOC from outside which had an impact on the lack of supply of super free-range chicken. Therefore, it is necessary to independently procure a source of DOC for free-range chicken. This community service aims to provide a source of information and training in the use of AI technology and the use of feed based on local feed ingredients to the community through the FPT-UHO Village Development Program. This service is carried out in a group of native chicken farmers in Mokoau Village, Kambu sub-district, Kendari City by involving various components such as community leaders, youth and government officials. This activity is carried out by means of online and offline presentations and training. The results obtained in this service are in the form of DOC (according to standards), free-range chickens that have a high body weight, free-range chicken feed based on local feed resources, scientific articles and theses. Based on the results of this activity, it can be concluded that the FPT-UHO village development program is able to improve the ability of farmers to utilize AI technology and feed processing technology based on local feed ingredients. Keywords: DOC; feed; Livestock; Super free-range chicken; Technology ABSTRAK Pasokan DOC ayam kampung super di Sulawesi Tenggara hingga saat ini masih berasal dari luar. Hal ini mengakibatkan harga DOC cukup tinggi karena mahalnya biaya transportasi dalam proses ditribusinya. Selain itu masa pandemi juga menjadikan situasi lebih sulit untuk memperoleh DOC dari luar yang berdampak pada kurangnya pasokan daging ayam kampung super. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pengadaan sumber DOC ayam kampung secara mandiri. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sumber informasi dan pelatihan dalam pemanfaatan teknologi IB dan pemanfaatan pakan berbasis bahan pakan lokal kepada masyarakat melalui Program Bina Desa FPT-UHO. Pengabdian ini dilakukan di kelompok peternak ayam kampung di Kelurahan Mokoau, kecamatan Kambu, Kota Kendari dengan melibatkan berbagai komponen seperti tokoh masyarakat, pemuda dan aparat pemerintah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan cara persentasi dan pelatihan secara daring dan luring. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam pengabdian ini berupa DOC (sesuai dengan standar), ayam kampung yang memiliki bobot badan yang tinggi, pakan ayam kampung berbasis sumber daya pakan lokal, artikel ilmiah dan skripsi. Berdasarkan hasil kegian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa program bina desa FPT-UHO mampu meningkatkan kemampuan peternak untuk memanfaatkan teknologi IB dan teknologi pengolahan pakan berbasis bahan pakan lokal. Kata kunci: Ayam kampung super; DOC; Pakan; Teknologi; Ternak

CONSTRAINTS FACED DURING THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CABBAGE AND POTATO CROPS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MANIPUR AND NAGALAND STATES OF INDIA

The present study was carried out by purposively simple stratified random sampling technique to select 300 respondents from both the states of Manipur and Nagaland, while to highlight the constraint faced by the growers during the production and marketing of cabbage and potato crops with Garrett Ranking Technique. For the production viz.; seed, labour, manures and fertilizers, irrigation, PPCs and other issues like animals, pests and diseases, have hampered of the potato and cabbage in the selected areas. While for marketing high price of the seed, not available in time, inferior quality of seed, low reliability of the seed, high wage rates of labour, skill & unskilled labour not available in time, irrigation facility not available, perennial sources are not available and irrigation facility not reliable etc; While for the market related issues, grading by hand & mechanical means, lack of knowledge regarding packaging, packing materials, high cost of transportation, lack of market infrastructures, unauthorized & illegal tax collections, use of improper scales in weighing, lack of support prices, lack of reliable & timely availability of market information and distant market along with the lack of cooperation among the producers and frequent ban & social boycott are some of the problems and constraints encountered by the entire producers and market intermediaries in the region.

COMBINING THE SUITABILITY-FEASIBILITY-ACCEPTABILITY (SFA) STRATEGY WITH THE MCDM APPROACH

Suitability-Feasibility-Acceptability (SFA) is a fundamental tool for the development and selection of strategy. Any type of decision-making problem can be resolved by Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. In this research, we explore the complexity of determining the proper goal market for the Chilean fish market. This study proposed a combined approach of SFA with MCDM methods in a real case study. The proposed structure helps to assign the best market for Chilean export fish to West Asia. Three countries (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman) are selected as a target market in this region, and then related criteria are obtained from various sources. In order to develop a new market for the Chilean fishery industry, five major criteria, including the potential of a target market, region's economic attractiveness, consumption of the seafood, location, cost of transportation, and country risks, were selected based on the SFA framework. Calculating the criteria weights is performed by the Best-Worst (BWM) method, and ordering the alternatives is operated by Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to compromise Solution (MARCOS) methods. The results showed that Oman is the best destination (importer) for the Chilean fish market (Salmon fish as the case).

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF THE TRANSPORT OPERATIONS OF SHIPMENT DELIVERY, INCLUDING THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT

The article considered the issue of the effectiveness of the organization of the transport process for the delivery of packaged unit cargo, considering the impact on the external environment. It has been established that transport is one of the most important elements of the urban economy. But on the other hand, and one of the main environmental pollutants. The deterioration of transport problems in cities is associated, first of all, with an increase in the level of motorization and a significant increase in on-line commerce and delivery of goods under quarantine conditions. In such conditions, there is a high concentration of pollutants (NOx, CO, CH, etc.), a decrease in the speed of movement of vehicles, an increase in travel time along the main highways of the city. Many countries have begun to take this important factor into account when making decisions. Today, there are tariffs that are imposed on vehicle owners. The value in monetary terms depends on the type of fuel used, the carrying capacity of vehicles, etc. These tariffs are approved in European countries. Also, the impact of transport on the external environment can be calculated as costs in monetary terms. The modern paradigm of sustainable development of transport systems indicates not only the feasibility of minimizing the costs of organizing the transport process, but also the need to reduce the impact of transport on the environment. The total costs (direct and indirect costs) for transportation are insufficiently estimated in the modern conditions of the organization of the transport process. This fact should be taken into account by the participants in the supply chains. It should be noted that when calculating the cost of transportation of unitized cargo, only the cost parameter is considered. We cannot ignore the fact that transport affects the environment, infrastructure, etc. Therefore, when calculating the total cost of transportation of goods, it is necessary to add “external” costs to the logistics costs. The so-called environmental costs, which contain indicators such as the amount of emissions of harmful substances, an assessment of the impact on infrastructure, and others.

Financing of water transport infrastructure: foreign experience

In recent decades, many countries of the world are faced with the problem of congestion in land transport due to the increase in the volume of transported goods. As a result, much attention is paid to inland waterway transport, which has significant untapped potential. It is also important that inland waterway transport (IWT), in comparison with alternative modes of transport, has such advantages as low cost of transportation, reliability, and environmental friendliness. This article analyzes the experience of financing water transport infrastructure facilities in foreign countries with a developed network of inland waterways, namely, Germany and the United States. The purpose of the work is to generalize the practices of attracting funds for the development of the infrastructure of inland water transport.

PENILAIAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM SITU GUNUNG SUKABUMI: PENERAPAN TCM

ABSTRAK Pengembangan dan pengelolaan kawasan wisata alam diperlukan nilai ekonomi lingkungan yang terdapat pada suatu kawasan pariwisata. Pembangunan wisata baru dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi suatu kawasan wisata. Nilai ekonomi lingkungan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian menentukan nilai lingkungan dan faktor intensitas kunjungan wisatawan. Metode yang digunakan untuk penentuan nilai lingkungan adalah metode travel cost. Pengambilan data lapangan digunakan kuesioner dan wawancara responden. Hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh intensitas pengunjung terhadap faktor waktu tempuh, tingkat pendidikan, umur, dan tingkat pendapatan. Kesimpulannya biaya kunjungan wisata terbesar adalah biaya transportasi, nilai ekonomi kawasan taman wisata alam (TWA) Situ Gunung melampaui Rp200 miliar dan kesediaan membayar (WTP) pengunjung masih menyisakan 62,25% nilai ekonomi yang didapatkan dari total ekonomi. Penelitian lanjutan direkomendasikan fokus pada daya dukung lingkungan untuk melihat kegiatan pariwisata di kawasan TWA Situ Gunung Sukabumi untuk menunjang data TCM. Kata kunci: metode biaya perjalanan, pariwisata, situ gunung Sukabumi, WTP ABSTRACT The development and management of natural tourism areas should contain environmental economic value in it. The new development can increase the economic value of that tourism area. Environmental economic value can be a reference for sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to obtain environmental values and to determine the tourist visit intensity factor. Travel cost method was used in obtaining the environmental value. Retrieval of field data used questionnaires and interview respondents. The results of the research simultaneously showed that there was an effect on visitor intensity on the factors of travel time, education level, age, and income level. In conclusion, the biggest cost of tourist visits is the cost of transportation, the economic value of the Situ Gunung nature park (TWA) area exceeds Rp 200 billion and the willingness to pay (WTP) of visitors still leaves 62.25% of the economic value obtained from the total economy. Further research is recommended to focus on the carrying capacity of the environment to see tourism activities in the TWA Situ Gunung Sukabumi area to support TCM data. Keywords: travel cost method, tourism, situ gunung Sukabumi, WTP

THE EFFECT OF FAILURES IN INTERVAL CONTROL SYSTEMS ON THE MOVEMENT OF TRAINS ON DOUBLE-TRACK SECTIONS

The level of reliability of systems for train traffic train separation directly affects the safety and conti- nuity of their movement, the speed and timing of delivery of goods and passengers, the labor intensity and cost of transportation, and the costs of operating these systems. If we consider a section of a railway as a complex dynamic system, then with a relatively small weight of fixed assets of technical means intended for interval regulation of train traffic, failures in them signifi- cantly affect the system output. On the railways of Russia, the systems of interval regulation are mainly used with the use of track circuits and the division of hauls into block. Such systems are widely used on the world’s railways. There- fore, the problem of quantifying losses in train movement from failures of electric interlocking devices while through-working and from failures of automatic blocking devices is relevant. The amount of loss depends on the intensity of failures of technical means and the time to restore their operability, on the intensity of train traffic, the length of block sections, the ratio of freight and pas- senger trains on the section, the speed of their movement according to the schedule and the degree of speed reduction due to failures of the considered technical means Both freight and passenger trains move along sections of the Russian railways, the speeds of which can differ significantly, which also significantly affects the traffic loss from such failures. When calculating, one has to use data on block crossing capacity and the capability of accelerating trains. The calculation results provide the possibility of an objective choice of the type of systems under consideration and the requirements for them in a new design or during their reconstruction on railway sections, as well as the possibility of correct distribution of costs to increase the reliability of the oper- ated systems.