scholarly journals A Review on Sex Steroid Hormone Estrogen Receptors in Mammals and Fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Amenyogbe ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Zhongliang Wang ◽  
Xiaoying Lu ◽  
Mingde Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Males And Females

Steroid hormones play essential roles in the reproductive biology of vertebrates. Estrogen exercises its effect through estrogen receptors and is not only a female reproductive hormone but acts virtually in all vertebrates, including fish, and is involved in the physiological and pathological states in all males and females. Estrogen has been implicated in mandible conservation and circulatory and central nervous systems as well as the reproductive system. This review intended to understand the structure, function, binding affinities, and activations of estrogens and estrogen receptors and to discuss the understanding of the role of sex steroid hormone estrogen receptors in mammals and fish.

scholarly journals Changes in plasma steroid hormones and gonadal histology associated with sexual maturation in wild southern hake (Merluccius australis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-640
Author(s):  
Manuel Alvarado ◽  
Edison Serrano ◽  
Juan Carlos Sánchez ◽  
Luis Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Asynchronous Development ◽  
Gonadal Histology ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time

A detailed study of gametes development and characterization of plasma sex steroid hormones during the maturation cycle was performed for the first time in the southern hake (Merluccius australis). Fish were caught in the inland waters of the Reloncaví Sound, Interior Sea of Chiloé, Chile. Samples of gonads and blood were collected for histology and sex steroid hormone (17 β-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone and 17,20 βdihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) analysis, respectively. Sex steroid hormone quantification was performed using enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA). Results showed that M. australis males and females have asynchronous development of testicles and ovaries, in all stages of maturation. Most spawning fish were found during the spring months. Regarding the sex steroid hormones, serological fluctuations of 17 β-estradiol and 11- ketotestosterone were found during gonadal maturation of M. australis. These hormones are the main hormones responsible for vitelogenesis and spermatogenesis processes, respectively. Conversely, 17,20 β-dihydroxy-4- pregnen-3-one did not show any serological fluctuation in females and males. Further studies involving gonadotropins, 17,20 β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and vitellogenin quantification are required in order to obtain a more complete description of the reproductive physiology of wild and farmed M. australis.  

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining Whether Changing Ovarian Sex Steroid Hormone Levels Influence Cerebrovascular Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany D. Skinner ◽  
Rebecca J. Davies ◽  
Samuel R. Weaver ◽  
N. Tim Cable ◽  
Samuel J. E. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Cerebrovascular Function ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Sex differences in cerebrovascular disease rates indicate a possible role for ovarian sex steroid hormones in cerebrovascular function. To synthesise and identify knowledge gaps, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess how ovarian sex steroid hormone changes across the lifespan affect cerebrovascular function in women. Three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science) were systematically searched for studies on adult cerebrovascular function and ovarian sex steroid hormones. Forty-five studies met pre-defined inclusion criteria. Studied hormone groups included hormone replacement therapy (HRT; n = 17), pregnancy (n = 12), menstrual cycle (n = 7), menopause (n = 5), oral contraception (n = 2), and ovarian hyperstimulation (n = 2). Outcome measures included pulsatility index (PI), cerebral blood flow/velocity (CBF), resistance index (RI), cerebral autoregulation, and cerebrovascular reactivity. Meta-analysis was carried out on HRT studies. PI significantly decreased [−0.05, 95% CI: (−0.10, −0.01); p = 0.01] in post-menopausal women undergoing HRT compared to post-menopausal women who were not, though there was considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 96.8%). No effects of HRT were seen in CBF (p = 0.24) or RI (p = 0.77). This review indicates that HRT improves PI in post-menopausal women. However, there remains insufficient evidence to determine how changing ovarian sex steroid hormone levels affects cerebrovascular function in women during other hormonal phases (e.g., pregnancy, oral contraception).

scholarly journals Sex steroid hormones regulate constitutive expression of Cyp2e1 in female mouse liver

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (10) ◽  
pp. E1118-E1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Konstandi ◽  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Frank J. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Carcinogenic Agents ◽  
Cyp2e1 Expression ◽  
Highly Correlated

CYP2E1 is of paramount toxicological significance because it metabolically activates a large number of low-molecular-weight toxicants and carcinogens. In this context, factors that interfere with Cyp2e1 regulation may critically affect xenobiotic toxicity and carcinogenicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of female steroid hormones in the regulation of CYP2E1, as estrogens and progesterone are the bases of contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy in menopausal women. Interestingly, a fluctuation in the hepatic expression pattern of Cyp2e1 was revealed in the different phases of the estrous cycle of female mice, with higher Cyp2e1 expression at estrus (E) and lower at methestrus (ME), highly correlated with that in plasma gonadal hormone levels. Depletion of sex steroids by ovariectomy repressed Cyp2e1 expression to levels similar to those detected in males and cyclic females at ME. Hormonal supplementation brought Cyp2e1 expression back to levels detected at E. The role of progesterone appeared to be more prominent than that of 17β-estradiol. Progesterone-induced Cyp2e1 upregulation could be attributed to inactivation of the insulin/PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen, repressed Cyp2e1 expression potentially via activation of the PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 and GH/STAT5b-linked pathways. The sex steroid hormone-related changes in hepatic Cyp2e1 expression were highly correlated with those observed in Hnf-1α, β-catenin, and Srebp-1c. In conclusion, female steroid hormones are clearly involved in the regulation of CYP2E1, thus affecting the metabolism of a plethora of toxicants and carcinogenic agents, conditions that may trigger several pathologies or exacerbate the outcomes of various pathophysiological states.

scholarly journals The Endocannabinoid System and Sex Steroid Hormone-Dependent Cancers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thangesweran Ayakannu ◽  
Anthony H. Taylor ◽  
Timothy H. Marczylo ◽  
Jonathon M. Willets ◽  
Justin C. Konje
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Growth And Migration ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cancer Tissues

The “endocannabinoid system (ECS)” comprises the endocannabinoids, the enzymes that regulate their synthesis and degradation, the prototypical cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), some noncannabinoid receptors, and an, as yet, uncharacterised transport system. Recent evidence suggests that both cannabinoid receptors are present in sex steroid hormone-dependent cancer tissues and potentially play an important role in those malignancies. Sex steroid hormones regulate the endocannabinoid system and the endocannabinoids prevent tumour development through putative protective mechanisms that prevent cell growth and migration, suggesting an important role for endocannabinoids in the regulation of sex hormone-dependent tumours and metastasis. Here, the role of the endocannabinoid system in sex steroid hormone-dependent cancers is described and the potential for novel therapies assessed.

scholarly journals Sex differences in β-amyloid accumulation in 3xTg-AD mice: Role of neonatal sex steroid hormone exposure

2010 ◽  
Vol 1366 ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna C. Carroll ◽  
Emily R. Rosario ◽  
Sara Kreimer ◽  
Angela Villamagna ◽  
Elisabet Gentzschein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Amyloid Accumulation ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
Β Amyloid

scholarly journals Associations between female lung cancer risk and sex steroid hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Zhuoyu Yang ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
Female Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Published findings suggest sex differences in lung cancer risk and a potential role for sex steroid hormones. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of sex steroid hormone exposure specifically on the risk of lung cancer in women. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for female lung cancer risk associated with sex steroid hormones were calculated overall and by study design, publication year, population, and smoking status. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias, and subgroup analysis were performed. Results Forty-eight studies published between 1987 and 2019 were included in the study with a total of 31,592 female lung cancer cases and 1,416,320 subjects without lung cancer. Overall, higher levels of sex steroid hormones, both endogenous (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98) and exogenous (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.93), significantly decreased the risk of female lung cancer by 10% (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95). The risk of lung cancer decreased more significantly with a higher level of sex steroid hormones in non-smoking women (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) than in smoking women (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.77–1.03), especially in Asia women (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.96). Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals an association between higher levels of sex steroid hormone exposure and the decreased risk of female lung cancer. Surveillance of sex steroid hormones might be used for identifying populations at high risk for lung cancer, especially among non-smoking women.

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