Sex differences in β-amyloid accumulation in 3xTg-AD mice: Role of neonatal sex steroid hormone exposure

Abstract Epidemiological studies suggest that men exhibit a higher mortality rate to COVID-19 than women, yet the underlying biology is largely unknown. Here, we seek to delineate sex differences in the expression of entry genes ACE2 and TMPRSS2, host responses to SARS-CoV-2, and in vitro responses to sex steroid hormone treatment. Using over 220,000 human gene expression profiles covering a wide range of age, tissues, and diseases, we found that male samples show higher expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, especially in the older group (>60 years) and in the kidney. Analysis of 6,031 COVID-19 patients at Mount Sinai Health System revealed that men have significantly higher creatinine levels, an indicator of impaired kidney function. Further analysis of 782 COVID-19 patient gene expression profiles taken from upper airway and blood suggested men and women present profound expression differences in responses to SARS-CoV-2. Computational deconvolution analysis of these profiles revealed male COVID-19 patients have enriched kidney-specific mesangial cells in blood compared to healthy patients. Finally, we observed selective estrogen receptor modulators, but not other hormone drugs (agonists/antagonists of estrogen, androgen, and progesterone), could reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.

Download Full-text

The Endocannabinoid System and Sex Steroid Hormone-Dependent Cancers

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2013/259676 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Thangesweran Ayakannu ◽

Anthony H. Taylor ◽

Timothy H. Marczylo ◽

Jonathon M. Willets ◽

Justin C. Konje

Keyword(s):

Cannabinoid Receptors ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Endocannabinoid System ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Protective Mechanisms ◽

Cell Growth And Migration ◽

Sex Steroid Hormone ◽

And Migration ◽

Cancer Tissues

The “endocannabinoid system (ECS)” comprises the endocannabinoids, the enzymes that regulate their synthesis and degradation, the prototypical cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), some noncannabinoid receptors, and an, as yet, uncharacterised transport system. Recent evidence suggests that both cannabinoid receptors are present in sex steroid hormone-dependent cancer tissues and potentially play an important role in those malignancies. Sex steroid hormones regulate the endocannabinoid system and the endocannabinoids prevent tumour development through putative protective mechanisms that prevent cell growth and migration, suggesting an important role for endocannabinoids in the regulation of sex hormone-dependent tumours and metastasis. Here, the role of the endocannabinoid system in sex steroid hormone-dependent cancers is described and the potential for novel therapies assessed.

Download Full-text

Role of Serotonin Transporter Changes in Depressive Responses to Sex-Steroid Hormone Manipulation: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

pp. 534-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer ◽

Anja Pinborg ◽

Klaus Kähler Holst ◽

Agnete Overgaard ◽

Susanne Henningsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Serotonin Transporter ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Positron Emission Tomography Study ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Sex Steroid Hormone ◽

Positron Emission

Download Full-text

Distribution of sex steroid hormone receptors in the avian brain: Functional implications for neural sex differences and sexual behaviors

Microscopy Research and Technique ◽

10.1002/jemt.1151 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Manfred Gahr

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Hormone Receptors ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Avian Brain ◽

Sex Steroid Hormone ◽

Functional Implications

Download Full-text

A Review on Sex Steroid Hormone Estrogen Receptors in Mammals and Fish

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2020/5386193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eric Amenyogbe ◽

Gang Chen ◽

Zhongliang Wang ◽

Xiaoying Lu ◽

Mingde Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptors ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Reproductive Hormone ◽

Binding Affinities ◽

Sex Steroid Hormone ◽

Central Nervous Systems ◽

Males And Females

Steroid hormones play essential roles in the reproductive biology of vertebrates. Estrogen exercises its effect through estrogen receptors and is not only a female reproductive hormone but acts virtually in all vertebrates, including fish, and is involved in the physiological and pathological states in all males and females. Estrogen has been implicated in mandible conservation and circulatory and central nervous systems as well as the reproductive system. This review intended to understand the structure, function, binding affinities, and activations of estrogens and estrogen receptors and to discuss the understanding of the role of sex steroid hormone estrogen receptors in mammals and fish.

Download Full-text

Associations between female lung cancer risk and sex steroid hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08437-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hui Zeng ◽

Zhuoyu Yang ◽

Jiang Li ◽

Yan Wen ◽

Zheng Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Lung Cancer Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sex Steroid Hormones ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Sex Steroid Hormone ◽

Hormone Exposure ◽

Female Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Published findings suggest sex differences in lung cancer risk and a potential role for sex steroid hormones. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of sex steroid hormone exposure specifically on the risk of lung cancer in women. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for female lung cancer risk associated with sex steroid hormones were calculated overall and by study design, publication year, population, and smoking status. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias, and subgroup analysis were performed. Results Forty-eight studies published between 1987 and 2019 were included in the study with a total of 31,592 female lung cancer cases and 1,416,320 subjects without lung cancer. Overall, higher levels of sex steroid hormones, both endogenous (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98) and exogenous (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.93), significantly decreased the risk of female lung cancer by 10% (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95). The risk of lung cancer decreased more significantly with a higher level of sex steroid hormones in non-smoking women (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) than in smoking women (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.77–1.03), especially in Asia women (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.96). Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals an association between higher levels of sex steroid hormone exposure and the decreased risk of female lung cancer. Surveillance of sex steroid hormones might be used for identifying populations at high risk for lung cancer, especially among non-smoking women.

Download Full-text