scholarly journals Quality and Performance Evaluation of Jatropha Oil Blended with Kerosene for Cooking Stoves in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lake Belete Adamu ◽  
Kamil Dino Adem
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
And Performance

In Ethiopia, the majority of rural household uses firewood with three-stone fire for cooking. Due to poor performance of the stove, there are major health issues created by indoor air pollution. To alleviate this problem, various efforts are undergoing such as the use of plant oil as an alternative fuel for cooking. This plant’s oils are available in the rural areas with minimal effort and water. In this study, Jatropha oil was blended with kerosene to present it as an alternative fuel for the rural poor in Ethiopia. The blends of varying proportions of Jatropha oil and kerosene were prepared, analyzed, and compared with the fuel properties of kerosene. The viscosity of Jatropha oil was reduced in ranges 86.3% to 4.5% by heating the oil from 30°C to 100°C. In order to understand the value of the blended fuel, the blended fuel was used for the evaluation of the performance of a stove for its thermal efficiency and indoor air pollution. Thermal efficiency of the newly designed bio-oil stove (Jatrok stove) was 52–66% with its specific fuel consumption ranging from 30 to 37 g/L and the fire power of the stove ranging from 1398 to 1433 watt using 10% to 40% Jatropha oil in the blend. In the case of emission, the Jatrok stove showed 11.5 to 9.5 grams of carbon monoxide (CO) and 352 to 289 grams of carbon dioxide (CO2) to boil 2.5 liters of water.The performance of the Jatrok stove using blended fuels was evaluated and compared with other domestic cooking stoves available in Ethiopia, making the stove comparable. A wider dissemination of such kind of plant oil blended with a kerosene-operated stove could reduce the environmental load in addition to lessoning the indoor air pollution in the kitchen.

scholarly journals Design and Performance Evaluation of Rocket Stove for Cleaner Cooking in Rural Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassazin Ayalew Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cook Stoves

Abstract Background:Many rural households in Ethiopia use traditional three-stone stove which has low energy efficiency and incurs indoor air pollution. Despite the fact that improved cook stoves design variability was seen between producers appears, they have received little or no promotion work to improvements over open fire stoves. The aim of this research work is manufacturing and experimentally testing of rocket stove to make sure that the new design provides a major improvement within the prevailing cooking practices.Method:The rocket stove was developed as per the Aprovecho Research Center (USA) design principle the article focused on investigating the thermal performance, the specific fuel and emission reduction potential of rocket stove as compared to the three-stone stove so as to confirm the duplicability. Water boiling test were conducted to investigate the performance of developed rocket stove and emission characteristics were investigated using portable Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) monitoring device. The parameters and protocols were adjusted as per the Aprovecho design principles.Results:The result revealed that the rocket stove has 29% thermal efficiency, 43% reduction in specific fuel consumption, 42% CO and 81% PM2.5 emission reduction as compared to the well-known utilized traditional three-stone stove in Ethiopia. The experiment revealed that, the rocket stove average emission is 1.8 µg/m3 CO and 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 respectively. The emissions characteristic of our stove satisfies the WHO indoor air quality standard.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the prototype rocket stove has a substantial improvement over the three-stone stove with regards to thermal efficiency, CO and PM2.5 emissions. Furthermore, the stove can be manufactured locally within required thermal efficiency and emission levels. Therefore, shifting to rocket stoves could reduce pressure on forests and mitigate indoor pollutants emission.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution in Cars: An Update on Novel Insights

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Zulauf ◽  
Janis Dröge ◽  
Doris Klingelhöfer ◽  
Markus Braun ◽  
Gerhard M. Oremek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Mode Of Transport

From a global viewpoint, a lot of time is spent within the indoor air compartment of vehicles. A German study on mobility has revealed that, on average, people spend 45 minutes per day inside vehicles. In recent years the number of cars has increased to around 43 million vehicles in private households. This means that more than one car can be used in every household. The ratio has been growing, especially in eastern Germany and rural areas. “Overall and especially outside the cities, the car remains by far number one mode of transport, especially in terms of mileage”. Therefore, numerous international studies have addressed different aspects of indoor air hygiene, in the past years. In this paper, meaningful original studies on car indoor air pollution, related to VOCs, COx, PMs, microbials, BFRs, OPFRs, cigarettes, electronic smoking devices, high molecular weight plasticizer, and NOx are summarized in the form of a review. This present review aimed to summarize recently published studies in this important field of environmental medicine and points to the need for further studies with special recommendations for optimizing the interior air hygiene.

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution and health of children in biomass fuel-using households of Bangladesh: comparison between urban and rural areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khalequzzaman ◽  
Michihiro Kamijima ◽  
Kiyoshi Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Ebara ◽  
Bilqis Amin Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

A Glance on Indoor Air Pollutants, their Impacts and Simple Solutions to Avoid Health Related Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Avesahemad SN Husainy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Related

Every coin has two sides. Likewise, as we are progressing towards the era of technology and industrialization; a lot of worst effects are arising as well. Along with the ecosystem, human health is suffering from some adverse issues because of pollution. We have heard about outdoor air pollution but indoor air pollution is even more harmful to human health. It is being observed that Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is getting worse day by day leading to many lung diseases, breathing issues, low birth rate, eye-related diseases, perinatal conditions, etc. Hence these issues have to be considered before getting too late. Indoor air quality varies from regions i.e. in the case of developed countries; cooling-heating appliances, electric devices, petroleum products, etc. are the major contributors to deplete IAQ. While in case of developing countries which have a huge number of rural areas; biomass open fires, traditional cooking systems with direct fire expose or indoor stove, etc. are the major factors behind damaged indoor air quality. Generally, children and aged persons spend most of their time inside the house. These people have low immunity hence they get easily affected by depleted IAQ and face many health-related issues. There is a long list of harmful pollutants like NOX, COX, SOX, organic matter, etc. that play a significant role in damaging air quality. A ventilation system is essential in offices, theatres, malls, homes, etc. but the occupant devices lower the air quality index. Likewise, green-house effects increase the percentage of COX which damages nature and human health as well. All these factors, parameters, adverse effects and solutions are studied in this paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document