scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution in Cars: An Update on Novel Insights

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Zulauf ◽  
Janis Dröge ◽  
Doris Klingelhöfer ◽  
Markus Braun ◽  
Gerhard M. Oremek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Mode Of Transport

From a global viewpoint, a lot of time is spent within the indoor air compartment of vehicles. A German study on mobility has revealed that, on average, people spend 45 minutes per day inside vehicles. In recent years the number of cars has increased to around 43 million vehicles in private households. This means that more than one car can be used in every household. The ratio has been growing, especially in eastern Germany and rural areas. “Overall and especially outside the cities, the car remains by far number one mode of transport, especially in terms of mileage”. Therefore, numerous international studies have addressed different aspects of indoor air hygiene, in the past years. In this paper, meaningful original studies on car indoor air pollution, related to VOCs, COx, PMs, microbials, BFRs, OPFRs, cigarettes, electronic smoking devices, high molecular weight plasticizer, and NOx are summarized in the form of a review. This present review aimed to summarize recently published studies in this important field of environmental medicine and points to the need for further studies with special recommendations for optimizing the interior air hygiene.

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution and health of children in biomass fuel-using households of Bangladesh: comparison between urban and rural areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khalequzzaman ◽  
Michihiro Kamijima ◽  
Kiyoshi Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Ebara ◽  
Bilqis Amin Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Quality and Performance Evaluation of Jatropha Oil Blended with Kerosene for Cooking Stoves in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lake Belete Adamu ◽  
Kamil Dino Adem
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
And Performance

In Ethiopia, the majority of rural household uses firewood with three-stone fire for cooking. Due to poor performance of the stove, there are major health issues created by indoor air pollution. To alleviate this problem, various efforts are undergoing such as the use of plant oil as an alternative fuel for cooking. This plant’s oils are available in the rural areas with minimal effort and water. In this study, Jatropha oil was blended with kerosene to present it as an alternative fuel for the rural poor in Ethiopia. The blends of varying proportions of Jatropha oil and kerosene were prepared, analyzed, and compared with the fuel properties of kerosene. The viscosity of Jatropha oil was reduced in ranges 86.3% to 4.5% by heating the oil from 30°C to 100°C. In order to understand the value of the blended fuel, the blended fuel was used for the evaluation of the performance of a stove for its thermal efficiency and indoor air pollution. Thermal efficiency of the newly designed bio-oil stove (Jatrok stove) was 52–66% with its specific fuel consumption ranging from 30 to 37 g/L and the fire power of the stove ranging from 1398 to 1433 watt using 10% to 40% Jatropha oil in the blend. In the case of emission, the Jatrok stove showed 11.5 to 9.5 grams of carbon monoxide (CO) and 352 to 289 grams of carbon dioxide (CO2) to boil 2.5 liters of water.The performance of the Jatrok stove using blended fuels was evaluated and compared with other domestic cooking stoves available in Ethiopia, making the stove comparable. A wider dissemination of such kind of plant oil blended with a kerosene-operated stove could reduce the environmental load in addition to lessoning the indoor air pollution in the kitchen.

A Glance on Indoor Air Pollutants, their Impacts and Simple Solutions to Avoid Health Related Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Avesahemad SN Husainy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Related

Every coin has two sides. Likewise, as we are progressing towards the era of technology and industrialization; a lot of worst effects are arising as well. Along with the ecosystem, human health is suffering from some adverse issues because of pollution. We have heard about outdoor air pollution but indoor air pollution is even more harmful to human health. It is being observed that Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is getting worse day by day leading to many lung diseases, breathing issues, low birth rate, eye-related diseases, perinatal conditions, etc. Hence these issues have to be considered before getting too late. Indoor air quality varies from regions i.e. in the case of developed countries; cooling-heating appliances, electric devices, petroleum products, etc. are the major contributors to deplete IAQ. While in case of developing countries which have a huge number of rural areas; biomass open fires, traditional cooking systems with direct fire expose or indoor stove, etc. are the major factors behind damaged indoor air quality. Generally, children and aged persons spend most of their time inside the house. These people have low immunity hence they get easily affected by depleted IAQ and face many health-related issues. There is a long list of harmful pollutants like NOX, COX, SOX, organic matter, etc. that play a significant role in damaging air quality. A ventilation system is essential in offices, theatres, malls, homes, etc. but the occupant devices lower the air quality index. Likewise, green-house effects increase the percentage of COX which damages nature and human health as well. All these factors, parameters, adverse effects and solutions are studied in this paper.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution and Its Effects on Health of Women in Rural Population of Karnataka - A Community Based Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2692-2696
Author(s):  
Usha Rani S. Padmanabha ◽  
Lavanya Rajesh ◽  
Puneeth Nagarajaiah ◽  
Maheswaran Rajappa
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mosquito Repellents

BACKGROUND Indoor air pollution is responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths and 2.7 % of the global burden of disease as per WHO report. Globally, more than three billion people depend on solid fuels including biomass and coal. Nearly 4 million people die prematurely from illnesses attributed to household air pollution from inefficient cooking practices using polluting stoves paired with solid fuels and kerosene. As a customary involvement in cooking; women are obliged to breathe the air polluted with biomass fuels and tend to experience the largest exposures and health burdens. Hence this study was done to assess the determinants of indoor air pollution (IAP) and its health impact among women residing in rural areas of Bengaluru. METHODS A community based cross sectional study was conducted among household women residing in rural population of Bengaluru over a period of 4 months. Based on prevalence rate of sources for indoor air pollution being 49 % from the earlier studies the estimated sample was 500. Household women were interviewed by simple random sampling technique. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 46.9 + 15yrs. where 42.4 % belonged to 40 - 59 yrs. of age group. In majority of households, 84.4 % used LPG as a cooking fuel. Type of fuel, second-hand smoking, smoke from the neighbourhood and use of mosquito repellents were found to be sources while poor housekeeping, inadequate ventilation, and lack of smoke outlet in kitchen were contributing factors for IAP. Irritation in eyes, cough, difficulty in breathing, running nose and chronic respiratory diseases were the perceived symptoms due to IAP. CONCLUSIONS Majority of households in the current study were exposed to IAP due to passive smoking, smoke from the neighbourhood and use of mosquito repellents while improper ventilation, absence of smoke outlet and humid conditions accentuated it. Community awareness program and cost effective interventions is the need of the hour. KEY WORDS Indoor Air Pollution, Rural Population, Women's Health

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