scholarly journals Cloning and Embryo Splitting in Mammalians: Brief History, Methods, and Achievements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohaddeseh Rahbaran ◽  
Ehsan Razeghian ◽  
Marwah Suliman Maashi ◽  
Abduladheem Turki Jalil ◽  
Gunawan Widjaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Cloning ◽  
Embryo Donation ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Single Blastomere

Embryo splitting is one of the newest developed methods in reproductive biotechnology. In this method, after splitting embryos in 2-, 4-, and even 8-cell stages, every single blastomere can be developed separately, but the embryos are genetically identical. Embryo splitting, as an approach in reproductive cloning, is extensively employed in reproductive medicine studies, such as investigating human diseases, treating sterility, embryo donation, and gene therapy. In the present study, cloning in mammalians and cloning approaches are briefly reviewed. In addition, embryo splitting and the methods commonly used in embryo splitting and recent achievements in this field, as well as the applications of embryo splitting into livestock species, primate animals, and humans, are outlined. Finally, a perspective of embryo splitting is provided as the conclusion.

scholarly journals Natural micronized progesterone for hormonal replacement therapy in reproductive medicine

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
M. A. Repina ◽  
N. V. Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Hormonal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Embryo Donation ◽  
Hormonal Replacement ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Micronized Progesterone

A total of 64 artificial cycles with natural micronized progesterone replacement therapy were studied. Progesterone zoos used from day 4-5 before embryo transfer till gestational week 8-11 in different programmes (ovum/embryo donation, surrogacy, thawed embryos transfer after previous IVF/ICSI failures). Pregnancy rate was 43.5%. The HRT by natural micronized progesterone in artificial cycles could be stopped on gestational week 9 without any risk.

Reformbedürftigkeit des Fortpflanzungsmedizinrechts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Theres Merrem
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Single Embryo Transfer ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Embryo Protection Law ◽  
Embryo Donation ◽  
Elective Single Embryo Transfer ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy ◽  
Egg Freezing

In Germany, technologies and procedures that serve to induce pregnancy are strongly regulated or forbidden by the embryo protection law. Marie-Theres Merrem initially takes a critical look at the current legal situation, with particular emphasis on egg, semen and embryo donation, elective single embryo transfer, gestational surrogacy, post-mortem fertilization, and egg freezing. Based on this, implementation proposals for a renewed Reproductive Medicine Act are presented, which takes current scientific knowledge, social values and the needs of those affected into account.

scholarly journals Knockout of the CMP–Sialic Acid Transporter SLC35A1 in Human Cell Lines Increases Transduction Efficiency of Adeno-Associated Virus 9: Implications for Gene Therapy Potency Assays

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Antje Banning ◽  
Anna Zakrzewicz ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Steven J. Gray ◽  
Ritva Tikkanen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Transduction Efficiency ◽  
Human Cell Lines ◽  
Terminal Galactose ◽  
Acid Transporter

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have emerged as an important tool for gene therapy for human diseases. A prerequisite for clinical approval is an in vitro potency assay that can measure the transduction efficiency of each virus lot produced. The AAV serotypes are typical for gene therapy bind to different cell surface structures. The binding of AAV9 on the surface is mediated by terminal galactose residues present in the asparagine-linked carbohydrates in glycoproteins. However, such terminal galactose residues are rare in cultured cells. They are masked by sialic acid residues, which is an obstacle for the infection of many cell lines with AAV9 and the respective potency assays. The sialic acid residues can be removed by enzymatic digestion or chemical treatment. Still, such treatments are not practical for AAV9 potency assays since they may be difficult to standardize. In this study, we generated human cell lines (HEK293T and HeLa) that become permissive for AAV9 transduction after a knockout of the CMP–sialic acid transporter SLC35A1. Using the human aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) gene, we show that these cell lines can be used as a model system for establishing potency assays for AAV9-based gene therapy approaches for human diseases.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of ART in the EU: Cross-border Reproductive Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Gordana Kovaček Stanić
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Surrogate Motherhood ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Embryo Donation ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Born Child ◽  
The Eu

The need for cross-border reproductive medicine exists for several reasons. Some are due to the fact that some states do not permit particular ART procedures; thus couples travel to the state where needed procedure is allowed (surrogate motherhood, embryo donation, posthumous fertilization). Other situations are due to the fact of who is entitled to ART procedures. In some states ART procedures are not allowed to same-sex couples or a single woman. The consequence of the cross-border reproductive medicine might be that the born child becomes parentless (“limping legal parentage”) and stateless. Since the best interest of the child is the paramount principle in contemporary family law, it is most important to find solutions for these situations. The most complicated issues are the consequences arising from international surrogacy arrangements. The Hague Conference on private international law is working on these issues trying to find the best solutions.

scholarly journals Cell technologies in reproductology, obstetrics and gynecology

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nasadyuk
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Uterus Transplantation ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Gene Technologies ◽  
Cell And Gene Therapy

The review describes the current trends of the development of cell and gene technologies in obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine. The strategies of allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the myeloablative treatment of germinal tumors and breast cancer are considered, as well as adoptive immunotherapy, modern approaches to the treatment of female and male infertility, and also prenatal cell and gene therapy. The problems and achievements in uterus transplantation are described, as well as the successes in the cryopreservation of reproductive cells and tissues.

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