Direito à Não Discriminação e à Verdade Biológica dos Nascidos por PMA em Portugal e no Brasil

This study discusses issues related to Medically Assisted Procreation, particularly about heterologous artificial insemination – using genetic material from third parties – and “replacement pregnancy” in Portugal and Brazil. Therefore, it addresses the right to “biological truth” for those born by PMA and non-discrimination in the use of genetic material, focusing on respect for the dignity of the human person. It is questioned how advances in science in this area can lead, in the case of PMA, to the choice of “perfect” embryos, and we start from the hypothesis that this leads to “genetic eugenics.” Methodologically, this is an exploratory bibliographical review. According to the Portuguese standard, the PMA has as beneficiaries the hetero couple, the single woman and women who are married or in a de facto union who can even have a “shared pregnancy”, but the “replacement pregnancy” is only done exceptionally and is not donor secrecy allowed. In Brazil, if it is free and with the help of relatives up to the fourth degree, regardless of the peer’s sexual orientation and maintaining the confidentiality of the donor, the “replacement pregnancy” is guaranteed to everyone.

Speaking with the Dead: The Sick Chick and the Psychic Crypt in Gail Honeyman’s Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine

This paper explores Gail Honeyman’s 2017 novel Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine from the perspective of Abraham and Torok’s concept of the psychic crypt. On one level the protagonist Eleanor, a thirty-year-old urban single woman searching for love, resembles a chick-lit heroine; however, Eleanor is deeply lonely, apparently autistic, suicidal and a survivor of childhood abuse and trauma. The paper argues that Eleanor’s difficulties can be understood as the consequences of encryptment which, in Abraham and Torok’s terms, is a disease of mourning where the dead loved one is incorporated rather than introjected into the psyche.

Different Methods, Different Standards? A Comparison of Two Finnish Reference Budgets

According to Principle 14 of the European Pillar of Social Rights, everyone should have the right to adequate minimum income benefits that ensure a life in dignity. Reference budgets have been proposed to monitor this principle. Reference budgets are priced baskets of goods and services that represent a given living standard. At the moment, no common methodology for constructing reference budgets exists; instead, different methods are used to construct them. This study sought to compare the approaches and results of two Finnish reference budgets: one created by the Centre for Consumer Society Research (CCSR), and the second by the ImPRovE project. The purpose of the article is to respond to a gap in existing literature around how different methods for constructing reference budgets impact their outcomes. The two reference budgets offer a strong basis for comparison because they both sought to capture the same living standard in the same context for similar household types (single woman, single man, heterosexual couple, and heterosexual couple with two children), while using different approaches. The results suggest that the two reference budgets arrive at different estimates of what is needed for social participation. Ultimately, we found that the most significant differences between the budgets were housing and mobility costs for the couple with two children due to differences in information bases, selection criteria, evaluators, and pricing. The study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it is one of the first to explore how different approaches to constructing reference budgets affect their outcomes. The results suggest that clear criteria for constructing reference budgets are needed to monitor Principle 14 of the European Pillar of Social Rights.

Case Study on the Decision Making of Single Men to Marry Single-Parent Woman

Marriage is a developmental task for individuals in the early adult phase. Normatively for a single man will choose a spouse as a single woman. This research aims to examine the decision-making of single men to marry single-parent women. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews using Miles and Huberman model data analysis techniques, namely the interactive model. The credibility of this research uses triangulation of sources, namely using the closest person to the informant to obtain valid data. There are several findings in the study, the first regarding the criteria of a partner, the second consideration before marriage, the third considers single-parent women as great women, and the fourth is responsibility. This is an essential point as an excuse for single men to marry single-parent women.

FATAL CONFLICT REFLECTIONS IN MARTIN MCDONAGH'S THE BEAUTY QUEEN OF LEENANE

This study focuses on the reasons of mother-daughter conflicts in Martin McDonagh's The Beauty Queen of Leenane. As the twenty-first century was approaching, a new movement of young playwrights emerged on the UK theatre scene. One of the most controversial and beloved representatives of this wave is Martin McDonagh. The author was born and raised in London as the son of an Irish family. In 1996, McDonagh's first play The Beauty Queen of Leenane was staged in Ireland, and then found its place in London and New York, fascinating much attention. Also staged in Turkey, this play of four characters has become the starting point of McDonagh's extraordinary theatrical career. In the play, Maureen, a forty-year-old single woman, still lives with her domineering mother Mag. For years, Maureen has spent her time by cooking, feeding the chickens, and shopping while taking care of her ailing and grumpy mother on her own. In The Beauty Queen of Leenane Maureen and Mag live an isolated life due to their physical location and relationships with each other. Maureen dreams of escaping her mother's house and her town called Leenane. She blames her mother and sisters for her miserable situation. The harsh, rude and hurtful conversations between mother and daughter always continue with conflict. As the play progresses it becomes obvious that this relationship between the two characters is completely disintegrated.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Women regarding use of Zinc Supplementation with ORS in Managing Diarrhoea in a Selected Rural Community in Bhopal

Background:Diarrhoea is the third most common reason for youth mortality in India. More than 2 million kids die because of loose bowels and parchedness consistently. Diarrhoeal sickness causes hefty monetary pressure on the healthcare administration. Much consideration has been given to diarrhoeal sickness and its administration in the course of this decade. Oral rehydration strategy and zinc supplementation have proved to be extremely helpful in this aspect. Methods: A descriptive approach has been utilised to evaluate the knowledge of women in regards to the use of zinc supplementation with ORS in overseeing diarrhoea. Purposive sampling procedure was used to choose 100 mothers. The researcher assessed the knowledge of the study subjects regarding the advantages of zinc with ORS using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The gathered information was assessed by graphic and inferential measurements. Results: 63% of women got average score and 1% of women obtained very good score, 2% of women obtained poor score and not even a single woman got very poor score. The mean knowledge score of women regarding the benefits of zinc with ORS in managing diarrhoea was 17.24. Conclusion: Women are the greatest health workers who make all the possible efforts to provide their families with everything. If women possess the required knowledge, they themselves would leave no stone unturned to use the various preventive measures and get rid of diarrhoea for the health of their family members. So, the knowledge of women related to health services needs to be updated and improved.

Silencing the single woman: Negotiating the ‘failed’ feminine subject in contemporary UK society

Despite a growth in single women in UK society over the past two decades, single femininity continues to be highly stigmatised. Drawing on Judith Butler’s theory of the heterosexual matrix and applying this to qualitative interview data with 25 single women, I argue that single femininity is produced as abject through processes of silencing which render the single female a ‘failed’ subject and reinscribe heteronormative coupled femininity. Yet while deeply painful, such ‘failures’ may also be productive, offering moments where the boundaries of heteronormative feminine subjectivity and hierarchies of intimate life are troubled and transformed. This article complicates understandings of stigma and resistance through a nuanced analysis of processes of abjectification and ambivalence.

Does Marriage Require Knowledge? Experiences of Women Participating in Pre-Marriage Education

Today the phenomenon of getting married at a young age is rising and shown through social media. According to Islamic religious rules, there are many pros and contras against this phenomenon, especially related to marriage. It has led to various pre-marriage educational programs as a means of understanding and preparing for marriage. This study aimed to explore the experiences of a single woman in emerging adulthood who participates in Pre-Marriage Talk Class. This study used a qualitative approach with the snowball sampling technique. A total of 5 respondents participated in this study, and data were collected through an online interview. The respondent’s answers were then analyzed thematically. The results showed that Pre-Marriage Talk Class provides additional knowledge, awareness, and mindset to participants, including 1) knowledge about the age of marriage; 2) knowledge about the vision and mission of getting married; 3) awareness of knowing the self; 4) knowledge of managing the self and environment, and 5) changing mindset. From the results, we can conclude that Pre-Marriage Talk Class is a suitable program for emerging adults who want to gain knowledge and skills related to themselves, how to manage self and environment, as well as an overview of the dynamics of married life that can be anticipated

Gender, Relationship Status, and COVID-19

This article is a personal reflection about being a single woman in academia during the COVID-19 pandemic. I describe how the pandemic has influenced my mental health and well-being and my feelings of connectedness to my institution, colleagues, and students. I discuss how gender, relationship status, and singlism may have influenced the social support and workload of single female faculty during the pandemic, and the need to explore these phenomena more intentionally to support and retain diverse women in the academy. By tying research examples to my personal experience, I hope to inform a conversation about how institutions can be more inclusive and intentional about challenging inequities associated with gender, relationship status, and singlism, along with combating social isolation and supporting better work-life balance for female faculty members who are not partnered and do not have children.