A Boy's Spiritual Journey: The Cultural and Religious Conflict between Family Relationships and the Conventionalism of Tibetan Buddhism in Sarah Ruhl's The Oldest Boy (2014)

This research paper is mainly concerns with the analyzing of Sarah Ruhl's play The Oldest Boy (2014), critically via considering the clashes of culture, and religion with family ideologies. By Adherents T.S. Eliot’s approach in his Notes towards the Definition of Culture, the paper is devoted to looking at and embodying the cultural and religious rift occurring in Ruhl’s The Oldest Boy. And to stand on the fact of the impact of the cultural and religious conflict on the family relations by passing throughout the main event of the play as to attract a Christian-born child who is only three years’ old to convert to Buddhism, and to be a Tibetan Buddhism Lama. The case is hectic for an American mother with no information on, or faith in, Buddhism. The paper proceeds with the hypothesis that the genuine clash is inner and it lies in the Mother's battle to give up her child or not in the middle of the spontaneous flood of cultural, religious and emotional clashes. The paper concludes that religion is what shapes the culture of countries.

A Review on the Reported Antibacterial Activity of 1,3,5-Triazine

Antibiotics are the class of drugs used for bacterial, viral & fungal infection. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of microorganism to withstand themselves against the effects of a drug. Every year antibiotic resistance causes more than 38000 deaths in Thailand, 23000 deaths in USA. In South Asia one new born child dies every 5 minutes from blood stream infection because antibiotics given are ineffective due to bacterial resistance. Now antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. In this paper, triazene derivatives are kept in concern. Triazines are six-membered, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffold with a wide range of pharmaceutical properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidants, antitubercular, antimalarial and anti-inflammatory. Due to lack of new antibiotics as well older antibiotic are rapidly proving ineffective, derivatives of triazine would be of great significance in future prospective.

Child marriage and infant mortality: causal evidence from Ethiopia

This study assesses the causal effect of child marriage on infant mortality. Using age discontinuities in exposure to a law that raised the legal age of marriage for women in Ethiopia, the study estimates that a 1-year delay in a woman’s age at cohabitation during her teenage years reduces the probability of her first-born child dying during infancy by 3.8 percentage points. This impact is closely linked to the effect of delaying cohabitation on women’s age at first birth.

Selected problems of prematurity and prematurely born child care

The evolution of perinatology and the progress of advanced methods of prenatal diagnosis have contributed to the rise of frequency of birth and survival of newborns with very low birth weight, born before 32 weeks of pregnancy. A three-tier perinatology care system in Poland, an increasingly outstanding knowledge of neonatologists, and newer and more advanced equipment for critical care therapy, all provide growingly safer conditions for the life and development of prematurely born children. Prematurity is not only a problem of the preterm baby, but poses a challenge for the family, notably the mother, who must face the challenges of care of the preterm baby. In this article, selected problems of prematurity and care of a preterm baby are presented. The most common causes of preterm birth incidence are reported. The mother’s situation after a preterm birth is defined. Based on the current literature, the profile of preterm babies and the EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine) paradigm, the rules for treatment and care for a preterm baby are presented.

Revisiting a basic question: does growing up in either female or male environment affect sex differences in academic strengths and occupational choices?

Are we affected by growing up in either female or male environment? This study examined whether girls’ and boys’ academic strengths at age 16 in verbal/language school subjects, relative to technical/numerical subjects, and cognitive demands of a chosen occupation at age 35 are influenced by having same- or opposite-sex siblings. Using representative population data from Swedish registers, we extracted (Study 1) 3-sibling families (N = 17,233), focusing on the mid-born, and (Study 2) 2-sibling families (N = 118,688), focusing on the last-born child. Both studies demonstrated that individuals’ academic strengths were unaffected by sibship composition. Study 2 showed that boys with a sister tended to choose more numerically demanding occupations as compared to boys with a brother. Taken together, growing up in a more or less female or male environment, that is, having same- or opposite-sex siblings does not impact one’s tendency to be academically more or less verbally or numerically aligned.

Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum with Facial Dysmorphism and Intellectual Disability in Sibs Associated with Compound Heterozygous KDM5B Variants

We studied a family in which the first-born child, a girl, had developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). The subsequent pregnancy was interrupted as the fetus was found to be also affected by ACC. Both cases were heterozygous for two KDM5B variants predicting p (Ala635Thr) and p (Ser1155AlafsTer4) that were shown to be in trans. KDM5B variants have been previously associated with moderate to severe developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and dysmorphism in a few individuals, but the pathogenetic mechanisms are not clear yet as patients with both monoallelic and biallelic variants have been observed. Interestingly, one individual has previously been reported with ACC and severe ID in association with biallelic KDM5B variants. Together with the observations in this family, this suggests that agenesis of the corpus callosum may be part of the phenotypic spectrum associated with KDM5B variants and that the KDM5B gene should be included in gene panels to clarify the etiology of ACC both in the prenatal and postnatal setting.

Being the Father of a Preterm-Born Child: Contemporary Research and Recommendations for NICU Staff

Background: Most studies on parental reactions to a preterm birth and to hospitalization of the newborn in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) have involved mothers. However, emotional responses and behaviors of fathers are equally important. Usually, the father is the first to meet the preterm newborn, to find out information about baby's condition and to communicate to the mother and other family members. In this context he is often left alone and can show psychological difficulties including affective disorders such as depression or anxiety. This paper describes the role of fathers in the NICU, the best practices to support fathers, and to explain the role of a psychologist in the NICU staff. Considerations and suggestions are provided on the difficulties encountered to support parents, with a focus on the role of fathers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and Discussion: Considering contemporary research data and following an attachment perspective, we analyze the role of the father of a preterm-born child in the relation with the partner and in newborn caring. Research has shown that involving fathers in newborn care in NICU and at home is essential not only because it promotes the father/son attachment relationship and has positive effects on the psychological and somatic development of the newborn, but also for the health of the mother and whole family.Conclusion: Recommendations are provided to enhance the functions of fathers in the NICU, promote their involvement in the care of their infant, and interventions to prevent the manifestation of psychological suffering and/or perinatal affective disorders. The commitments of a psychologist in a NICU team are presented and require not only clinical skills, but also the ability to manage the emotional and relational difficulties of fathers, family and NICU staff. Considerations and suggestions are provided on the difficulties encountered by parents in the NICU during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Caries status of first-born child is a predictor for caries experience in younger siblings

Objectives This study analysed if children of families in need of dental interventions can be identified by using the caries status of the first-born child as a predictor for caries in younger siblings of the same family. Material and methods All children aged 4 to 15 years, i.e. 13,596 children, visiting a compulsory school in the canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland, during the school year 2017/2018 were analysed. Total caries experience and untreated carious lesions at time of examination were recorded as well as a subset of socioeconomic factors such as gender, age, nationality, birth order and the family’s place of residence. Results A total of 6738 schoolchildren who had at least one sibling of school age could be included. Differences in caries experience and the presence of active carious lesions were found for age, nationality and place of residence but not for gender or birth order. Younger siblings had odds of having a history of caries 3.7 times higher (95% confidence interval: 3.0–4.4) and odds of having active carious lesions 3.5 times higher (95% confidence interval: 2.6–4.7) if the eldest child in the family already had caries. Conclusion Caries could be shown to be family-dependent. Younger siblings had a more than three-fold higher risk for caries if the first-born child already had carious lesions. Clinical relevance Based on these results, the caries status of the first-born child could be used as a potential indicator to detect vulnerable families and to initiate targeted preventive measures.