scholarly journals The Hydroethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Tieghemella heckelii (A.Chev.) Pierre ex Dubard (Sapotaceae) Produced N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor-Dependent Analgesia and Attenuates Acute Inflammatory Pain via Disruption of Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Kumatia ◽  
Regina Appiah-Opong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Analgesic Action ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background. Tieghemella heckelii stem bark is used in African traditional medicine to treat inflammatory pain conditions. However, these biological actions of the plant have not been proven. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and the mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of the hydroethanolic stem bark extract of T. heckelii (THBE). Methods. Phytochemical composition of THBE was investigated using qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay. Analgesic activity was evaluated using hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing assays. Mechanism of analgesic action was determined using pharmacological antagonist such as naloxone, atropine, flumazenil, nifedipine, or ketamine. Test agents were administered orally as follows: Tween 80 (5%) (control), diclofenac sodium (DS) 10/tramadol 9 mg/kg (standard), or THBE 10, 100, and 450 mg/kg. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured. Results. THBE which contained 58.45% saponins, 229.04 ± 0.049 GAE mg/g phenolic compounds,and 0.482 ± 0.0028 QE mg/g flavonoids produced ( p  < 0.5) anti-inflammatory effect of 56.22% and analgesia of 330 ± 72% and 50.4% in the hot plate and writhing assays, respectively, at 10 mg/kg and inhibited oxidative stress by GPx and SOD elevation in rats during inflammation. Ketamine significantly blocked the analgesia of THBE, indicating NMDA receptor-dependent analgesic action. Whereas, naloxone, atropine, nifedipine, and flumazenil could not antagonize the analgesic action of THBE. Conclusion. These results show that THBE produced potent anti-inflammatory effect via disruption of oxidative stress and also generated NMDA receptor-dependent analgesia.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Rasheed Ahemad Shaik ◽  
Fazil Ahmad ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Smilax zeylanica Linn (Smilaceae) is a woody climbing shrub native to Asia's tropical and subtropical highlands. Traditionally, this plant has been widely used to cure a variety of ailments. Smilax zeylanica stem bark was extracted with ethanol to test its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To study the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic stem bark extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar rats. Methods: The antinociceptive activity has been assessed in mice by formalin-induced paw licking, Eddy’s hot-plate, and acetic-acid induced abdominal stretching models. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats has been conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activity. Tween 80 (10ml/kg, p.o) was given to the control group, test drug group received ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, and standard drugs morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c), diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, i.p) were injected to the standard drug group. Results: Oral administration of ethanolic extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) at test doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), produced a significant decrease of the paw licking time for 2 phases (neurogenic and inflammatory) in the formalin test, upsurge of the reaction time in Eddy’s hot plate test, and significantly decreased the abdominal stretching in the acetic acid-induced  writhes test. Ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activity, probably involving central and peripheral pathways

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of stem bark extract of Ficus capensis Thunb (Moraceae) by bioactivity fractionation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayemi K Wakeel ◽  
Abraham Ifedayo Abe ◽  
Babajide Oluropo Awosan ◽  
M.K Olapade ◽  
T.J Olatoyan-Layonu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Nociceptive Pathway ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: This study investigated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis (AEFC) by bio-guided fractionation. Methods: The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of AEFC (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg, i.p) were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, tail-flick, formalin tests, and carrageenan-induced paw oedema respectively. The AEFC was fractionated base on polarity different into butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions. The fractions (500 mg/kg) obtained were subjected to the same experimental procedures mentioned above. The EAF, which exerted the most productive activities, was further subjected to fractionation procedures that yielded six fractions (labeled CF1-CF6). These fractions (200 mg/kg) were tested for potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Notable antagonists (Naloxone and atropine) of nociceptive pathway were used to evaluate the mechanism of the anti-nociceptive action of F. capensis. Results and Discussion: The AEFC, BF, EAF, and CF4 caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the number of abdominal writhes, an increase in reaction time against the hot plate, tail-flick tests, and a significant (p<0.05) inhibition in both phases of formalin test. The AEFC, BF, EAF, CF4, and CF6 caused a significant (p<0.05) inhibition of paw oedema development due to carrageenan. Atropine significantly reversed the anti-nociceptive effect of CF4 in both phases of the formalin test. The result obtained revealed that CF4 produced central and peripheral anti-nociceptive effects, while CF6 is peripherally mediated. Conclusion: The results support the traditional uses of F. capensis in the treatment of various diseases associated with pain and inflammation. The column fraction CF4 exhibited muscarinic receptor-mediated anti-nociceptive activity.

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Properties of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Ficus trichopoda in Rats.

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Abayomi M Ajayi ◽  
Julius K Tanayena ◽  
Sikiru O Balogun ◽  
Aminu Ibrahim ◽  
Joseph OC Ezeonwumelu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Macaranga barteri stem bark extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesia activity in murine models

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Asante-Kwatia ◽  
Yakubu Jibira ◽  
Abraham Yeboah Mensah ◽  
Debora Osei-Sarfoh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Neuroprotective Effects of the Anthocleista Schweinfurthii Gilg. (Loganiaceae) Stem Bark Extract in Postmenopause-Like Model of Ovariectomized Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoungoure Madeleine Chantal ◽  
Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré ◽  
Bilanda Danielle Caude ◽  
Mengue Ngandena Yolande Sandrine ◽  
Mbolang Nguegang Lohik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract Background Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal period causes severe neuroendocrine changes in brain which influences memory and other nervous functions. Anthocleista schweinfurthii is used traditionally to treat female infertility and menopause related symptoms. This study was performed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii on brain in a postmenopause-like model of ovariectomized Wistar rats. Methods Thirty animals were sham-operated or ovariectomized (Ovx) 84 days after surgery, six groups of five rats each were daily treated orally during 28 days with: distilled water for groups 1 (sham-operated) and 2 (Ovx), estradiol valerate (group 3) and the three doses of extracts {groups 4, 5 and 6 (Ovx)}. Biochemical and histological evaluations focused on brain. Results Compared to sham-operated control, ovariectomy decreased total protein levels in brain (p<0.01) which was increased by plant extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg (p<0.05), underlying its anabolic properties. Ovariectomy significantly decreased magnesium levels in brain (p<0.001). Anthocleista schweinfurthii increased significantly magnesium levels (p<0.01), showing its capacity to act on synaptic conduction. Ovariectomy induced oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde levels (p<0.05) and decreasing reduced glutathione levels (p<0.05) in brain. The plant extract exhibited antioxidative activity by reducing malondialdehyde levels and increasing glutathione levels in brain. Damage in brain structure which was caused by ovariectomy disappeared following the treatment. Conclusions Results suggest that Anthocleista schweinfurthii may have neuroprotective effects in Ovx Wistar rats by increasing total protein, magnesium levels and reducing oxidative stress in brain.

scholarly journals The Ethanolic Stem-Bark Extract of Antrocaryon micraster Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy and Pedal Oedema in Murine Models of Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Essel ◽  
David D. Obiri ◽  
Newman Osafo ◽  
Aaron O. Antwi ◽  
Babatunde M. Duduyemi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% v/v ethanol extract of the stem bark of Antrocaryon micraster on murine models of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw oedema. Rat pleural fluid was analysed for volume, protein content, and leucocytes, while lung histology was assessed for damage. Lung tissue homogenates were assayed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the stem bark. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in rats. In the pleurisy model the extract (30–300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume and amount of proteins and leucocytes in the exudate and also protected against lung injury. Tissue level of GSH and SOD and CAT expression were increased while MDA level and MPO activity were reduced. The peak and total oedema responses were significantly suppressed when given both preemptively and curatively in the mice paw oedema test. Saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins were present in the stem bark. A. micraster extract exhibited no apparent acute toxicity. We conclude that the ethanolic stem-bark extract of A. micraster has antioxidant action and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of pleurisy and paw oedema induced with carrageenan.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF KNEMA ATTENUATA (HOOK. F. AND THOMSON) WARB ETHANOLIC STEM BARK EXTRACT IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA RAJA H
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Knema attenuata (Myristicaceae), popularly known as “wild nutmeg,” is an endemic tree species from Western Ghats, which has been used in folk medicine. Conventionally, the stem bark of K. attenuata is used for treating inflammatory conditions without any scientific information available for the same. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic stem bark extract (ESBE) of K. attenuata using in vivo and in vitro screening models. Methods: The ethanolic extract of stem bark was prepared by soxhlation, and its cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cell line was assessed using MTT assay method. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of extract was estimated in rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema model and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition assay, estimation of myeloperoxidase activity, and determination of cellular nitrite levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results: Toxic symptoms were not observed for the ESBE. The extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. The anti-inflammatory action exhibited by the extract was a result of the inhibition of leukocyte migration and nitric oxide pathway and partially by inhibition of mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Conclusion: Findings from the study provide the evidence for the popular use of stem bark extract of K. attenuata as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

Antioxidant anti-inflammatory activity of Alstonia scholaris R.Br. stem bark extract

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekar Kodangala Subraya ◽  
Harikiran ◽  
Daksha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Alstonia Scholaris ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory
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