Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Menispermaceae) stem bark extract against CCl4- induced oxidative stress in rats

Abstract Background Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal period causes severe neuroendocrine changes in brain which influences memory and other nervous functions. Anthocleista schweinfurthii is used traditionally to treat female infertility and menopause related symptoms. This study was performed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii on brain in a postmenopause-like model of ovariectomized Wistar rats. Methods Thirty animals were sham-operated or ovariectomized (Ovx) 84 days after surgery, six groups of five rats each were daily treated orally during 28 days with: distilled water for groups 1 (sham-operated) and 2 (Ovx), estradiol valerate (group 3) and the three doses of extracts {groups 4, 5 and 6 (Ovx)}. Biochemical and histological evaluations focused on brain. Results Compared to sham-operated control, ovariectomy decreased total protein levels in brain (p<0.01) which was increased by plant extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg (p<0.05), underlying its anabolic properties. Ovariectomy significantly decreased magnesium levels in brain (p<0.001). Anthocleista schweinfurthii increased significantly magnesium levels (p<0.01), showing its capacity to act on synaptic conduction. Ovariectomy induced oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde levels (p<0.05) and decreasing reduced glutathione levels (p<0.05) in brain. The plant extract exhibited antioxidative activity by reducing malondialdehyde levels and increasing glutathione levels in brain. Damage in brain structure which was caused by ovariectomy disappeared following the treatment. Conclusions Results suggest that Anthocleista schweinfurthii may have neuroprotective effects in Ovx Wistar rats by increasing total protein, magnesium levels and reducing oxidative stress in brain.

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Toxicological Effects of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Xylopia Aethiopica on Testicular Oxidative Stress Markers and Histology of Male Rats

Biology Medicine & Natural Product Chemistry ◽

10.14421/biomedich.2020.91.33-37 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Elias Adikwu ◽

Ben Ehigiator

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Testicular Function ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Xylopia Aethiopica

Impairment in testicular function can occur through perturbations in testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. Xylopia aethiopica (XE) is used to enhance fertility in males, but with information gap on its effect on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. The present study assessed the effects of ethanolic stem bark extract of Xylopia aethiopica (EEXA) on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology of male albino rats. Sixty adult male albino rats (200g-250g) were randomly grouped into 4 (A-D) of 15 rats per group. The rats in the control group A (A1-A3) were administered per oral (p.o) with water (0.2 mL/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats in groups B (B1-B3), C(C1-C3) and D (D1-D3) were administered p.o with EEXA (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats were anesthetized at the termination of EEXA administration and were dissected and testes removed. The testes were weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histology. Testicular weights were decreased in a dose and-time dependent fashion in EEXA-treated rats. Significant decreases in testicular superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels with significant increases in malondialdehyde levels in a dose and time-dependent fashion were observed in rats administered with EEXA. Testicular histology showed cellular necrosis, degeneration and loss of interstitial tissues in rats administered with EEXA. This study observed that EEXA perturbed testicular oxidative markers and histology. Its use may impair testicular function.

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Inhibitory effects of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan stem bark extract on -glucosidase activity and oxidative stress

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ◽

10.5897/jmpr2020.7025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 583-592

Author(s):

Joaquim da Costa Odelio ◽

dos Santos Barbosa Robson ◽

Mendes Soares Ilsamar ◽

Euripedes de Souza Eber ◽

Fernando A. Gellen Luís ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Glucosidase Activity ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Dietary effect of Alstonia Boonei stem bark extract on hematological profiles of Wistar albino rats after inducing oxidative stress with CCl4

African Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.33472/afjbs.2.4.2020.45-56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 02 (04) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Robert I. Uroko ◽

Victor E. Okpashi ◽

Bayim P.R. Bayim ◽

Anthony U. Onwuekwe ◽

Kate M. Ucho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

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The Hydroethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Tieghemella heckelii (A.Chev.) Pierre ex Dubard (Sapotaceae) Produced N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor-Dependent Analgesia and Attenuates Acute Inflammatory Pain via Disruption of Oxidative Stress

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/3466757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Emmanuel K. Kumatia ◽

Regina Appiah-Opong

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nmda Receptor ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Analgesic Action ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Phytochemical Composition ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Background. Tieghemella heckelii stem bark is used in African traditional medicine to treat inflammatory pain conditions. However, these biological actions of the plant have not been proven. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and the mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of the hydroethanolic stem bark extract of T. heckelii (THBE). Methods. Phytochemical composition of THBE was investigated using qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay. Analgesic activity was evaluated using hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing assays. Mechanism of analgesic action was determined using pharmacological antagonist such as naloxone, atropine, flumazenil, nifedipine, or ketamine. Test agents were administered orally as follows: Tween 80 (5%) (control), diclofenac sodium (DS) 10/tramadol 9 mg/kg (standard), or THBE 10, 100, and 450 mg/kg. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured. Results. THBE which contained 58.45% saponins, 229.04 ± 0.049 GAE mg/g phenolic compounds,and 0.482 ± 0.0028 QE mg/g flavonoids produced ( p < 0.5) anti-inflammatory effect of 56.22% and analgesia of 330 ± 72% and 50.4% in the hot plate and writhing assays, respectively, at 10 mg/kg and inhibited oxidative stress by GPx and SOD elevation in rats during inflammation. Ketamine significantly blocked the analgesia of THBE, indicating NMDA receptor-dependent analgesic action. Whereas, naloxone, atropine, nifedipine, and flumazenil could not antagonize the analgesic action of THBE. Conclusion. These results show that THBE produced potent anti-inflammatory effect via disruption of oxidative stress and also generated NMDA receptor-dependent analgesia.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidants effects of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis in Wister Albino Rats

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2021/v14i330248 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

Jude Nwaogu ◽

Babangida Abubakar ◽

Mustapha Sahabi Aliyu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stem Bark Extract

Aim: The aim is to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of Eucalyptus camaldulensis methanol stem bark extract (ECMSBE) on Wister albino rats. Methodology: The phytochemical screening of ECMSBE was conducted using standard methods. A total of 36 albino rats were used for the antioxidant studies. The rats were divided into six (6) groups of six rats. Control group received distilled water orally at 2ml/kg. Oxidative stress was induced in groups 2 to group 6 CCl4 (1ml/kg, s.c) at every 72hrs for 10 days. Group 2 was untreated while groups 3 – 6 received doses of 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg of ECMSBE respectively. On the 11th day, the rats were sacrificed and the liver was removed and homogenised and oxidative stress parameters were determined. Results: Phytochemical analysis of ECMSBE revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and resins. There was no significant difference (P<.05) between the CCl4 induced group and the group treated with ECMSBE (50mg/kg). However, their concentrations were significantly different from the group treated with ECMSBE (100mg/kg – 200mg/kg) when compared to the group treated with CCl4 Only. The CCl4-induced group had its vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations significant different (P<.05) from the groups treated with ECMSBE (100, 150 and 200mg/kg body weight). There was no significant difference (P>.05) in the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx between the group induced with CCl4 only and the group treated with ECMSBE (50mg/kg), however, it these concentrations were significantly higher (P<.05). The enzymatic antioxidants concentration in the normal control group was not significantly different (P>.05) when compared the group that was treated with ECMSBE (200mg/kg) Conclusion: The result suggest that the extract of E. camaldulensis possessed antioxidant properties which can be used as effective protecting agents against oxidative stress and other diseases.

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