scholarly journals Research Progress on the Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Development of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiao-xiang Tan ◽  
Li-Li Qiu ◽  
Jie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Synaptic Loss ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
The Common

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), as one of the common postoperative complications, mainly occurs after surgery and anesthesia, especially in the elderly. It refers to cognitive function changes such as decreased learning and memory ability and inability to concentrate. In severe cases, there could be personality changes and a decline in social behavior. At present, a great deal of research had been carried out on POCD, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. The release of peripheral inflammation-related factors, the degradation and destruction of the blood-brain barrier, the occurrence of central inflammation, and the neuronal apoptosis and synaptic loss could be promoted by neuroinflammation indicating that inflammatory mechanisms may play key roles in the occurrence of POCD.

Cognitive dysfunction and sleep disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Dodds ◽  
Chandra M. Kumar ◽  
Frédérique Servin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive dysfunction is largely a problem in the elderly, but it can occur at any age. The two major presentations, delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), are compared. Risks for delirium are explored; key points from the patient’s history and possible ways to ameliorate the onset are then reviewed. The presentation of POCD is described, and the lack of our understanding of its causes is highlighted. Known triggers such as centrally active anticholinergic drugs or pain are identified. Current thinking in the inflammatory responses within microglia and astrocytes is summarized. Sleep in the elderly is contrasted with that in younger persons, and the main stages of sleep, SWS and REM, described. The impact and importance of the effects that surgery/anaesthesia has on sleep stages is reviewed. Obstructive sleep apnoea is described, including its effect on the safety of anaesthesia and recovery. Periodic limb movement disorders and early Parkinson disease are described.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly

The Lancet ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 351 (9119) ◽  
pp. 1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Trier Moller ◽  
Lars S Rasmussen ◽  
Chris Hanning
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
The Elderly

The role of global cerebral hypoperfusion in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement 43) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
S. M. Moritz ◽  
A. M Arlt ◽  
V. S. Völkel ◽  
R. L. Rupprecht ◽  
H. J. Hobbhahn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion

scholarly journals Dysfunction of EAAT3 Enhances LPS-induced Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Yulong Ma ◽  
Aisheng Hou ◽  
Yuxiang Song ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Membrane Protein Expression

Abstract Background: Studies have shown that excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) function inhibition is related to several neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous studies also found that the EAAT3 function is intimately linked to learning and memory. In this study, we examined the role of EAAT3 in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and explored the potential benefit of riluzole against POCD. Methods: We measured EAAT3 protein expression in hippocampus of male mice at different ages. Next, we established a recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV)-mediated shRNA to knockdown EAAT3 expression in the hippocampus of adult male mice. And then the mice received 2μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intracerebroventricular microinjection to construct the POCD model. In addition, we intraperitoneally injected 4mg/kg of riluzole 2 days before LPS microinjection for consecutive 3 days in elderly male mice. Cognitive function was assessed using a Morris water maze 24h after LPS microinjection. Animal behavioral tests, as well as pathological and biochemical assays, were performed to clarify the role of EAAT3 function in POCD and evaluate the effect of activation of EAAT3 function by riluzole. Results: We found that the expression of EAAT3 was significantly decreased in old mice and EAAT3 knockdown in hippocampus aggravated LPS-induced learning and memory deficits in adult male mice. LPS significantly inhibited hippocampal EAAT3 membrane protein expression and GluA1 protein phosphorylation level in adult male mice. Moreover, riluzole pretreatment significantly increased hippocampal EAAT3 membrane protein expression and ameliorated LPS-induced cognitive impairment in old male mice. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the dysfunction of EAAT3 is an important risk factor for POCD susceptibility and riluzole may be a promising strategy for prevention and treating of POCD in the elderly people.

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