scholarly journals CaMK II Inhibition Attenuates ROS Dependent Necroptosis in Acinar Cells and Protects against Acute Pancreatitis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Qingtian Zhu ◽  
Lu Hao ◽  
Qinhao Shen ◽  
Jiajia Pan ◽  
Weili Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

As a calcium-regulated protein, CaMK II is closely related to cell death, and it participates in the development of pathological processes such as reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and oligodendrocyte death. The function of CaMK II activation in acute pancreatitis (AP) remains unclear. In our study, we confirmed that the expression of p-CaMK II was increased significantly and consistently in injured pancreatic tissues after caerulein-induced AP. Then, we found that KN93, an inhibitor of CaMK II, could mitigate the histopathological manifestations in pancreatic tissues, reduce serum levels of enzymology, and decrease oxidative stress products. Accordingly, we elucidated the effect of KN93 in vitro and found that KN93 had a protective effect on the pancreatic acinar cell necroptosis pathway by inhibiting the production of ROS and decreasing the expression of RIP3 and p-MLKL. In addition, we identified the protective effect of KN93 on AP through another mouse model induced by pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). Together, these data demonstrated that CaMK II participates in the development of AP and that inhibiting CaMK II activation could protect against AP by reducing acinar cell necroptosis, which may provide a new idea target for the prevention and treatment of AP in the clinic.

Effects of pancreatic duct ligation on pancreatic response to bombesin

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. G633-G639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiichi Otani ◽  
Akira Matsukura ◽  
Takeshi Takamoto ◽  
Yasuji Seyama ◽  
Yasuhito Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Zymogen Activation ◽  
Trypsinogen Activation ◽  
Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Trypsinogen Activation Peptide

To examine mechanisms that might be related to biliary pancreatitis, we examined the effects of pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) with pancreatic stimulation in vivo. PDL alone caused no increase in pancreatic levels of trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP), trypsin, or chymotrypsin and did not initiate pancreatitis. Although bombesin caused zymogen activation within the pancreas, the increases were slight and it did not cause pancreatitis. However, the combination of PDL with bombesin resulted in prominent increases in pancreatic TAP, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and the appearance of TAP in acinar cells and caused pancreatitis. Disruption of the apical actin network in the acinar cell was observed when PDL was combined with bombesin but not with PDL or bombesin alone. These studies suggest that when PDL is combined with pancreatic acinar cell stimulation, it can promote zymogen activation, the retention of active enzymes in acinar cells, and the development of acute pancreatitis.

p53-Dependent acinar cell apoptosis triggers epithelial proliferation in duct-ligated murine pancreas

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. G827-G836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Scoggins ◽  
Ingrid M. Meszoely ◽  
Michihiko Wada ◽  
Anna L. Means ◽  
Liying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Epithelial Proliferation ◽  
Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
P53 Target Genes

The mechanisms linking acinar cell apoptosis and ductal epithelial proliferation remain unknown. To determine the relationship between these events, pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) was performed on p53(+/+) and p53(−/−) mice. In mice bearing a wild-type p53 allele, PDL resulted in upregulation of p53 protein in both acinar cells and proliferating duct-like epithelium. In contrast, upregulation of Bcl-2 occurred only in duct-like epithelium. Both p21WAF1/CIP1 and Bax were also upregulated in duct-ligated lobes. After PDL in p53(+/+) mice, acinar cells underwent widespread apoptosis, while duct-like epithelium underwent proliferative expansion. In the absence of p53, upregulation of p53 target genes and acinar cell apoptosis did not occur. The absence of acinar cell apoptosis in p53(−/−) mice also eliminated the proliferative response to duct ligation. These data demonstrate that PDL-induced acinar cell apoptosis is a p53-dependent event and suggest a direct link between acinar cell apoptosis and proliferation of duct-like epithelium in duct-ligated pancreas.

Effects of pancreatic acinar cell surface antibodies and complement on isolated rat acinar cells in vitro

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. -U. Schulz ◽  
G. Letko ◽  
H. -J. Hass ◽  
H. Spormann ◽  
P. Kemnitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Surface Antibodies ◽  
Isolated Rat

scholarly journals Upregulation of dynamin II expression during the acquisition of a mature pancreatic acinar cell phenotype.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1373-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Cook ◽  
K J Mesa ◽  
B A Gebelein ◽  
R A Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis ◽  
Ar42j Cells

Members of the dynamin superfamily are GTPases which have been shown to support receptor-mediated endocytosis in vivo and bind to growth factor receptor-associated proteins in vitro. In acinar cells of the pancreas, receptor-mediated endocytosis is very important for the recycling of membranes after secretory granule release. Therefore, characterization of the molecular machinery responsible for this process is critical for a better understanding of this phenomenon. In this study we sought to determine the expression pattern of the endocytic GTPase dynamin II during pancreatic acinar cell differentiation in developing rat embryos and in dexamethasone-treated AR42J cells using Western blot, Northern blot, and immunocytochemical analyses. During pancreatic development, dynamin immunoreactivity is almost undetectable until day E17 but undergoes significant upregulation in acinar cells starting at E18. In addition, the levels of dynamin mRNA and protein in AR42J cells increase approximately threefold during dexamethasone-induced acinar differentiation. The increase in dynamin levels that occurs in both embryonic pancreatic cells and dexamethasone-treated AR42J cells correlates with the establishment of a more differentiated acinar phenotype. Therefore, these results suggest a potential role for dynamin in supporting receptor-mediated endocytosis in mature pancreatic acinar cells.

scholarly journals MECOM permits pancreatic acinar cell dedifferentiation avoiding cell death under stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyne Backx ◽  
Elke Wauters ◽  
Jonathan Baldan ◽  
Mathias Van Bulck ◽  
Ellis Michiels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation ◽  
Duct Cells

ABSTRACTMaintenance of the pancreatic acinar cell phenotype suppresses tumor formation. Hence, repetitive acute or chronic pancreatitis, stress conditions in which the acinar cells dedifferentiate, predispose for cancer formation in the pancreas. Dedifferentiated acinar cells acquire a large panel of duct cell specific markers. However, it remains unclear to what extent dedifferentiated acini differ from native duct cells and which genes are uniquely regulating acinar cell dedifferentiation. Moreover, most studies have been performed in mouse since the availability of human cells is scarce.Here, we applied a non-genetic lineage tracing method in our culture model of human pancreatic exocrine cells that allowed cell-type specific gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing. Subsequent to this discovery analysis, one transcription factor that was unique for dedifferentiated acinar cells was functionally characterized using in vitro and in vivo genetic loss-of-function experimental models.RNA sequencing analysis showed that human dedifferentiated acinar cells expressed genes in ‘Pathways of cancer’ with prominence of the transcription factor MECOM (EVI-1) that was absent from duct cells. During mouse embryonic development, pre-acinar cells transiently expressed MECOM and MECOM was re-expressed in experimental in vivo models of acute and chronic pancreatitis in vivo, conditions in which acinar cells dedifferentiate. MECOM expression correlated with and was directly regulated by SOX9. MECOM loss-of-function in mouse acinar cells in vitro and in vivo impaired cell adhesion resulting in more prominent acinar cell death and suppressed acinar cell dedifferentiation by limiting ERK signaling.In conclusion, we transcriptionally profiled the two major human pancreatic exocrine cell types, acinar and duct cells, during experimental stress conditions. We provide insights that in dedifferentiated acinar cells, cancer pathways are upregulated in which MECOM is a critical regulator that suppresses acinar cell death by permitting cellular dedifferentiation.

Substance P treatment stimulates chemokine synthesis in pancreatic acinar cells via the activation of NF-κB

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. G1113-G1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raina Devi Ramnath ◽  
Madhav Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Chemokine Production ◽  
Pancreatic Acini ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

Acinar cell injury early in acute pancreatitis leads to a local inflammatory reaction and to the subsequent systemic inflammatory response, which may result in multiple organ dysfunction and death. Inflammatory mediators, including chemokines and substance P (SP), are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. It has been shown that pancreatic acinar cells produce the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in response to caerulein hyperstimulation, demonstrating that acinar-derived MCP-1 is an early mediator of inflammation in acute pancreatitis. Similarly, SP levels in the pancreas and pancreatic acinar cell expression of neurokinin-1 receptor, the primary receptor for SP, are both increased during secretagogue-induced experimental pancreatitis. This study aims to examine the functional consequences of exposing mouse pancreatic acinar cells to SP and to determine whether it leads to proinflammatory signaling, such as production of chemokines. Exposure of mouse pancreatic acini to SP significantly increased synthesis of MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), as well as MIP-2. Furthermore, SP also increased NF-κB activation. The stimulatory effect of SP was specific to chemokine synthesis through the NF-κB pathway, since the increase in chemokine production was completely attenuated when pancreatic acini were pretreated with the selective NF-κB inhibitor NF-κB essential modulator-binding domain peptide. This study shows that SP-induced chemokine synthesis in mouse pancreatic acinar cells is NF-κB dependent.

scholarly journals Aspirin Protects against Acinar Cells Necrosis in Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guotao Lu ◽  
Zhihui Tong ◽  
Yanbing Ding ◽  
Jinjiao Liu ◽  
Yiyuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aspirin has a clear anti-inflammatory effect and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for both acute and long-term inflammation. Previous study has indicated that aspirin alleviated acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein in rat. However, the role of aspirin on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the necrosis of pancreatic acinar cell are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aspirin treatment on a SAP model induced by caerulein combined with Lipopolysaccharide. We found that aspirin reduced serum amylase and lipase levels, decreased the MPO activity, and alleviated the histopathological manifestations of pancreas and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Proinflammatory cytokines were decreased and the expression of NF-κB p65 in acinar cell nuclei was suppressed after aspirin treatment. Furthermore, aspirin induced the apoptosis of acinar cells by TUNEL assay, and the expression of Bax and caspase 3 was increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. Intriguingly, the downregulation of critical necrosis associated proteins RIP1, RIP3, and p-MLKL was observed; what is more, we additionally found that aspirin reduced the COX level of pancreatic tissue. In conclusion, our data showed that aspirin could protect pancreatic acinar cell against necrosis and reduce the severity of SAP. Clinically, aspirin may potentially be a therapeutic intervention for SAP.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Anti-necrotic Effect of Lectins from Canavalia ensiformis and Canavalia brasiliensis in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Rodrigues Bonfim Damasceno Oliveira ◽  
Álvaro Xavier Franco ◽  
Marielle Pires Quaresma ◽  
Cecília Mendes Morais de Carvalho ◽  
Fabrícia da Cunha Jácome Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
Experimental Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Acinar Cell Necrosis ◽  
Canavalia Brasiliensis

Abstract Lectins isolated from Canavalia ensiformis (ConA) and Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr) are promising molecules to modulate cell death. Acute pancreatitis, characterized by acinar cell necrosis and inflammation, presents significant morbidity and mortality. This study has investigated the effects of ConA and ConBr on experimental acute pancreatitis and pancreatic acinar cell death induced by bile acid. Pancreatitis was induced by retrograde pancreatic ductal injection of 3% sodium taurocholate (Na-TC) in male Swiss mice. ConA or ConBr (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) were intravenously applied to mice 1 h and 12 h after induction. After 24 hours, the severity of pancreatitis was evaluated by serum amylase and lipase, histopathological changes and myeloperoxidase assay. Pancreatic acinar cells were incubated with ConA (200 µg/ml) or ConBr (200 µg/ml) and taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCS; 500 µM). Necrosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔѰm) were detected by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Treatment (post-insult) with ConA and ConBr decreased pancreatic damage caused by retrograde injection of Na-TC in mice, reducing pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, edema and necrosis. In addition, ConA and ConBr decreased pancreatic acinar cell necrosis and depolarization of ΔѰm caused by TLCS. The inhibition of necrosis was prevented by the lectin domain blockade; molecular docking analysis showed strong interaction of ConA and ConBr crystal structures with mannose residues. In conclusion, ConA and ConBr markedly inhibited in vitro and in vivo damage, effects partly dependent on the interaction with mannose residues on acinar cells. These data support the potential application of these proteins for treatment of acute pancreatitis.

scholarly journals c-Jun/AP-1 is required for CCK-induced pancreatic acinar cell dedifferentiation and DNA synthesis in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (12) ◽  
pp. G1381-G1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Guo ◽  
Maria Dolors Sans ◽  
Yanan Hou ◽  
Stephen A. Ernst ◽  
John A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation ◽  
Cell Markers

Endogenous CCK plays an important role in pancreatic regeneration after pancreatitis. We used primary culture of mouse pancreatic acinar cells to evaluate the effect of CCK on acinar cell morphology and gene expression and to determine signaling pathways required for proliferation of acinar cells in vitro. Over 4 days in culture, cells grew out from acini and formed patches of monolayer, which displayed a reduced expression of acinar cell markers including digestive enzymes and Mist1 and an increased expression of ductal and embryonic markers, including cytokeratin 7, β-catenin, E-cadherin, pdx-1, and nestin. There was no appearance of stellate cell markers. CCK enhanced cellular spreading, DNA synthesis, and cyclin D1 expression. When signaling pathways were evaluated, CCK stimulation increased c-Jun expression, JNK and ERK activity, and AP-1 activation. Chemical inhibitors of JNK and ERK pathways, dominant-negative JNK and c-Jun, and c-Jun shRNA significantly inhibited CCK-induced DNA synthesis, CCK-induced AP-1 activation, and cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, dominant-negative c-Jun reduced the increased expression of β-catenin and the decreased expression of amylase during culture. These results show that MAPK/c-Jun/AP-1 pathway plays an important role in pancreatic acinar cell dedifferentiation and proliferation in culture. Monolayer culture can serve as a model to study acinar cell proliferation similar to regeneration after pancreatitis in vivo.

scholarly journals Acinar cell-specific knockout of the PTHrP gene decreases the proinflammatory and profibrotic responses in pancreatitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (5) ◽  
pp. G533-G549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandanajay Bhatia ◽  
Cristiana Rastellini ◽  
Song Han ◽  
Judith F. Aronson ◽  
George H. Greeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein ◽  
Duct Ligation

Pancreatitis is a necroinflammatory disease with acute and chronic manifestations. Accumulated damage incurred during repeated bouts of acute pancreatitis (AP) can lead to chronic pancreatitis (CP). Pancreatic parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels are elevated in a mouse model of cerulein-induced AP. Here, we show elevated PTHrP levels in mouse models of pancreatitis induced by chronic cerulein administration and pancreatic duct ligation. Because acinar cells play a major role in the pathophysiology of pancreatitis, mice with acinar cell-specific targeted disruption of the Pthrp gene ( PTHrP Δacinar) were generated to assess the role of acinar cell-secreted PTHrP in pancreatitis. These mice were generated using Cre-LoxP technology and the acinar cell-specific elastase promoter. PTHrP Δacinar exerted protective effects in cerulein and pancreatic duct ligation models, evident as decreased edema, histological damage, amylase secretion, pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Treating acinar cells in vitro with cerulein increased IL-6 expression and NF-κB activity; these effects were attenuated in PTHrP Δacinar cells, as were the cerulein- and carbachol-induced elevations in amylase secretion. The cerulein-induced upregulation of procollagen I expression was lost in PSCs from PTHrP Δacinar mice. PTHrP immunostaining was elevated in human CP sections. The cerulein-induced upregulation of IL-6 and ICAM-1 (human acinar cells) and procollagen I (human PSCs) was suppressed by pretreatment with the PTH1R antagonist, PTHrP ( 7 – 34 ). These findings establish PTHrP as a novel mediator of inflammation and fibrosis associated with CP. Acinar cell-secreted PTHrP modulates acinar cell function via its effects on proinflammatory cytokine release and functions via a paracrine pathway to activate PSCs.

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