Biomechanical Performance of Menisci under Cyclic Loads

The meniscus, composed of fibrocartilage, is a very important part of the human knee joint that behaves like a buffer. Located in the middle of the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau, it is a necessary structure to maintain normal biomechanical properties of the knee. Whether walking or exercising, the meniscus plays a vital role to protect the articular surface of both the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau by absorbing the conveying shock from body weight. However, modern people often suffer from irreversible degeneration of joint tissue due to exercise-induced harm or aging. Therefore, understanding its dynamic characteristics will help to learn more about the actual state of motion and to avoid unnecessary injury. This study uses reverse engineering equipment, a 3D optical scanner, and a plastic teaching human body model to build the geometry of knee joint meniscus. Then, the finite element method (FEM) is employed to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the meniscus. The results show the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and fatigue life analysis of meniscus, with real human material parameters. The achieved results can be applied to do subsequent knee dynamic simulation analysis, to reduce the knee joint and lower external impacts, and to manufacture artificial meniscus through tissue engineering.

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A Study of Collagen Crimp Pattern in the Bovine Anterior and Posterior Medial Meniscal Horn Attachments

ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference ◽

10.1115/sbc2007-176011 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Diego Villegas ◽

William Dehlin ◽

Tammy L. Haut Donahue

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stress Relaxation ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Ultimate Strain ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Joint Lubrication ◽

Meniscal Attachments ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽

Femoral Condyles

Menisci are fibrocartilagenous structures located between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau that aid in joint lubrication and stability in the knee joint. Previous experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the meniscal horn attachments, which serve as the transition from mensical fibrocartilage into subchondral bone, are important for proper meniscal function [1–3]. Meniscal attachments did not show significant differences in surface mechanical properties such as ultimate strain or moduli, however, there were significant differences in overall behavior of the anterior versus posterior attachments [4]. No significant differences in creep or stress relaxation properties were found between the different meniscal attachments [5].

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Nano-Mechanical Properties of Human Meniscal Surfaces

ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2011-53184 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

John T. Moyer ◽

Adam C. Abraham ◽

Tammy L. Haut Donahue

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Load Distribution ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Human Knee ◽

Water Matrix ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Compressive Loads ◽

Bone Research ◽

Femoral Condyles

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a crippling disease in humans that deteriorates the articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone. Research has shown AC preservation is most important for halting the initiation of OA, in the human knee joint, and this defense is contingent on the structural integrity of the menisci [1, 2]. The menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures which are crucial for proper load distribution in the knee [3–5]. The menisci are specifically designed to fit the contour of the femoral condyles, aiding to disperse the stresses on the tibial plateau and in turn safeguarding the underlying AC. Circumferentially aligned collagen fibers help to support the menisci while in tension, while a proteoglycan and water matrix reinforce the menisci during compressive loads [2, 6].

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Is there difference and correlation between medial and lateral tibial plateau coronal obliquity in native knee? A radiographic study

Journal of Orthopaedics Trauma and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/22104917211056940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 221049172110569

Author(s):

Thomas Ka Chun Leung ◽

Will Wai Hong Lau ◽

Wing Chiu Fung ◽

Vincent Wai Kwan Chan ◽

Amy Cheung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Young Patients ◽

Joint Line ◽

Significant Implication ◽

Lateral Tibial Plateau ◽

Radiographic Measurements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Joint Line Obliquity

Background/Purpose Knee joint line is commonly defined as a tangent to medial and lateral tibial plateaus in various radiographic measurements. We aim to investigate radiographic differences between medial and lateral knee joint line coronal obliquity. It has significant implication on radiographic analysis following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Methods We analysed the knee radiographs of 48 young patients (mean age 25.1 + /-5.6 years) with 50 anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Medial and lateral tibial plateau coronal obliquity were defined as angles between femoral knee joint line and the tangent to articular surface of each tibial plateau. Mediolateral differences and linear correlation were analysed. Results Significant difference was found between medial (mean = -1.5, SD = 2.4 degrees) and lateral obliquity (mean = + 0.6, SD = 3.0 degrees) ( p < 0.001). The mean mediolateral difference was 3.1 degrees (SD = 2.8, range 0–11.8 degrees), without significant correlation (r = 0.085, p = 0.56). Conclusion Mediolateral differences exist in knee joint line obliquity. Each compartment should be considered separately when measuring knee joint line obliquity.

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Experimental substantiation of the optimal technique for choosing the rotation of the femoral component of the knee endoprosthesis

Vestnik of Russian military medical Academy ◽

10.17816/brmma63630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

Vladimir V. Khominets ◽

Ivan V. Gaivoronsky ◽

Alexey L. Kudyashev ◽

Alexey A. Semenov ◽

Ivan S. Bazarov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Femoral Component ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Collateral Ligaments ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Block Rotation ◽

Optimal Technique ◽

Femoral Condyles ◽

Femoral Resection

There was experimental justification of the optimal technique for choosing the rotation of the femoral component of the knee joint endoprosthesis carried out in this research. The individual morphometric characteristics of the femoral condyles and the condition of the collateral ligaments were taken into account in the experiment. The research was conducted on polymer-embalmed preparations of the knee joint, which were divided into three groups, according to the forms of the femoral condyles. We used the standard technique of positioning the resection block and the technique of individual selection of the rotation of the resection block (rotation of the femoral component of the endoprosthesis), based on the assessment of individual morphometric characteristics of the femoral condyles and the state of the auxiliary elements of the knee joint. To implement this surgical approach, typical resections of the proximal condyles of the tibia and distal condyles of the femur were performed, which technically did not differ from the sawdust used in the standard procedure. Then the knee joint was flexed to an angle of 90, Homan retractors were removed and two laminar dilators (Laminar Spreader) were installed in the gap between the proximal tibial sawdust and the posterior parts of the lateral and medial condyles of the femur. This technique provided isometric tension of the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint. Then carried out the positioning of the femoral resection block "four in one". In this case, only the line of the proximal tibial sawdust was used as a reference point, for which the posterior flange of the resection block was positioned parallel to the sawed upper articular surface of the tibia. It is established that the use of the considered technique of positioning the femoral resection block ensures the formation of a uniform flexor gap, regardless of the variant anatomy of the femoral condyles. Thus, there was research a uniform flexion gap in the experiment, which ensured isometric movements in the knee joint and its stability at the control points of the amplitude after implantation of the trial or final components of the endoprosthesis.

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Morphometrical studies on the symmetry of the human knee joint: Femoral condyles

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/0021-9290(83)90019-2 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 351-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

U. Rehder

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Femoral Condyles

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Articular surface approximation in equivalent spatial parallel mechanism models of the human knee joint: An experiment-based assessment

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/09544119jeim684 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 224 (9) ◽

pp. 1121-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

A Ottoboni ◽

V Parenti-Castelli ◽

N Sancisi ◽

C Belvedere ◽

A Leardini

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Parallel Mechanism ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Surface Approximation ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Spatial Parallel Mechanism

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A prospective study of surgical management of dual plating of bicondylar tibial plateau fracture

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20210525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 241

Author(s):

Tutika Dinesh Kumar ◽

Deepak Chamalla ◽

Santhosh Babu Miryabbelli ◽

M. Sai Ashok

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcome ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Tibial Plateau Fracture ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Schatzker Type ◽

Dual Plating ◽

Plateau Fracture ◽

Type V ◽

Bicondylar Tibial Plateau

Background: Tibial condyles with their articular surface forms major part of the knee joint, plays an important role in weight transmission and mobility. The proximal tibia fractures account for 1% of all the fractures. If these high velocity intra/peri articular fractures are not treated properly there will be high degree incidences of malunion, non-union, peri-op infections vs collapse of the medial condyle, ligamentous instability, malalignment of the axis, articular incongruity leading to post traumatic arthritis. Aim was to assess the anatomical reduction of articular surface of upper end of tibia and knee joint perfectly by operative treatment with internal fixation. Methods: The study was done for a period of 1 years on 30 patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures diagnosed with Schatzker type V and VI. Age ranged from 20-60 years with majority being in 30-39 years range with a largely male preponderance. Patients were followed up to 12 months.Results: Our study reported Honkonen Jarvinen clinical outcome to be 86% excellent, 11.7% good and 1.7% fair. The functional outcome was 81% excellent, 13% good, 5% fair and 1% poor. The Radiological outcome showed 79.2% excellent, 12% good, 0.70% fair results. Our study used Honkonen Jarvinen criteria for radiological, functional, clinical outcome which showed excellent to good result. Conclusions: Dual plating is ideal for all bicondylar Tibial plateau fracture of Schatzker type V and VI with appropriate timing of surgery and understanding the anatomy, LCP system, appropriate technique with dual incision, the complication can be minimized, giving excellent to good results.

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Clinical features and treatment of “Non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture”

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18061/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

liangjun jiang ◽

qiang zheng ◽

zhijun pan ◽

hanxiao zhu ◽

erman chen

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Tibial Plateau Fracture ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Ligament Injury ◽

Posterior Slope ◽

Plateau Fracture ◽

Posterior Slope Angle ◽

Postoperative Knee

Abstract Background To explore the epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies and clinical results of non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture. Method A total of 25 cases of non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture patients were collected, including 12 males and 13 females, aged 27-79 years. Preoperative tibial plateau posterior slope angle was - 10 ~ 0 degrees, average - 5.2 degrees. Preoperative MRI showed 5 cases of MCL injury, 3 cases of PLC complex injury and 2 cases of PLC + PCL injury. The change of tibial plateau posterior slope angle was more than 10 degrees in patients with ligament injury, and the patients with a tibial plateau posterior slope angle change less than 10 degrees had no ligament injury; 6 patients with simple column fracture had a ligament injury, 2 patients with bilateral column fracture had a ligament injury, and 2 patients with three column fracture had a ligament injury. Results All patients were followed up for 12-24 months (average 16.4 months). The operation time was 65-180 minutes (average 124 minutes), and the bleeding volume was 20-200 ml (average 106 ml). The plate was placed on the anterior part of tibial plateau. Evaluation of postoperative fracture reduction: 20 cases were anatomic reduction, 5 cases were good reduction (between 2-5mm articular surface collapse), and the excellent rate of fracture reduction was 100%. The fracture healing time was 3-6 months (average 3.3 months). The postoperative knee Rasmussen score was 18-29 (average 24.9), and the postoperative knee joint mobility was 90-130 ° (average 118 °). Superficial infection occurred in 2 patients. Conclusions The main imaging characteristic of "non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture" is the change of tibial plateau posterior slope angle. The injury of single anteromedial column/anterolateral column fracture is easy to combine with "diagonal" injury, and when the tibial plateau posterior slope angle changes more than 10 degrees, it is easy to be associated with ligament injury. By restoring the joint articular surface and lower limb force line, repairing the soft tissue structure, and reconstructing the knee joint stability, we can achieve satisfactory results.

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A COMPARISON AND REVIEW FOR MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTING OR FITTING TECHNIQUES TO ARTICULATING SURFACES AT THE HUMAN KNEE JOINT

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237203000377 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (06) ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

XI-SHI WANG ◽

RUI-PU BAI

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Experimental Measurements ◽

Surface Geometry ◽

Rehabilitation Engineering ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Complicated Surface

The mathematical representing or fitting articular surface of the human knee joint based on the experimental measurements is very important for biomechanical studies and clinic rehabilitation engineering. But, so far this work still maintains a challenge due to the human knee joint exhibits a complicated surface geometry. In this paper, based on the literatures [1-17], a review and comparison on the techniques of the articular surface representing or fitting at the human knee joint are presented.

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