scholarly journals Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Space-Time Block Transmission on 6G

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Bing Guan
Keyword(s):  
Channel Coding ◽  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Reflection Group ◽  
Interference Term ◽  
Block Transmission ◽  
Decoding Algorithms ◽  
Alamouti Scheme ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Full Diversity

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is considered to be a new technology with great potential and is being studied extensively and deeply. And the application extension of STBC in the RIS-aided scheme provides a new train of thought for the research of channel coding. In this paper, we propose we extend the scheme of using the RIS to adjust the phase and reconfigure the reflected signal and propose the design of the RIS-aided QO-STBC scheme and the RIS-aided QO-STBC scheme with interference cancellation. Particularly in the RIS-aided QO-STBC scheme with interference cancellation, the design can achieve the transmission of the full rate and full diversity using an auxiliary reflection group to eliminate the influence of interference term. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of the schemes are analyzed in the paper, and the decoding algorithms with different complexity used in the proposed schemes are described. The simulation results show that the performance of the RIS-aided QO-STBC scheme with interference cancellation is better than that of the RIS-aided QO-STBC scheme and the RIS-aided Alamouti scheme by about 5 dB and 7 dB at 1 0 − 3 BER because of diversity gain and coding gain.

Microencapsulation and Nanoencapsulation: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Suganya ◽  
V. Anuradha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Drug Release

Encapsulation is a process of enclosing the substances within an inert material which protects from environment as well as control drug release. Recently, two type of encapsulation has been performed in several research. Nanoencapsulation is the coating of various substances within another material at sizes on the nano scale. Microencapsulation is similar to nanoencapsulation aside from it involving larger particles and having been done for a greater period of time than nanoencapsulation. Encapsulation is a new technology that has wide applications in pharmaceutical industries, agrochemical, food industries and cosmetics. In this review, the difference between micro and nano encapsulation has been explained. This article gives an overview of different methods and reason for encapsulation. The advantages and disadvantages of micro and nano encapsulation technology were also clearly mentioned in this paper.

scholarly journals 3DP Printing of Oral Solid Formulations: A Systematic Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara R. M. Brambilla ◽  
Ogochukwu Lilian Okafor-Muo ◽  
Hany Hassanin ◽  
Amr ElShaer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a recent technology, which gives the possibility to manufacture personalised dosage forms and it has a broad range of applications. One of the most developed, it is the manufacture of oral solid dosage and the four 3DP techniques which have been more used for their manufacture are FDM, inkjet 3DP, SLA and SLS. This systematic review is carried out to statistically analyze the current 3DP techniques employed in manufacturing oral solid formulations and assess the recent trends of this new technology. The work has been organised into four steps, (1) screening of the articles, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and classification of the articles in the two main groups (included/excluded); (2) quantification and characterisation of the included articles; (3) evaluation of the validity of data and data extraction process; (4) data analysis, discussion, and conclusion to define which technique offers the best properties to be applied in the manufacture of oral solid formulations. It has been observed that with SLS 3DP technique, all the characterisation tests required by the BP (drug content, drug dissolution profile, hardness, friability, disintegration time and uniformity of weight) have been performed in the majority of articles, except for the friability test. However, it is not possible to define which of the four 3DP techniques is the most suitable for the manufacture of oral solid formulations, because the selection is affected by different parameters, such as the type of formulation, the physical-mechanical properties to achieve. Moreover, each technique has its specific advantages and disadvantages, such as for FDM the biggest challenge is the degradation of the drug, due to high printing temperature process or for SLA is the toxicity of the carcinogenic risk of the photopolymerising material.

FULL-RATE AND LOW-COMPLEXITY SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODING CONCATENATED WITH CHANNEL CODES

2007 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIANGBIN YU ◽  
GUANGGUO BI
Keyword(s):  
Channel Coding ◽  
Turbo Code ◽  
Multiple Antennas ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Space Time ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Time Block ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
Full Rate

Space-time block (STB) coding has been an effective transmit diversity technique for combating fading recently. In this paper, a full-rate and low-complexity STB coding scheme with complex orthogonal design for multiple antennas is proposed, and turbo code is employed as channel coding to improve the proposed code scheme performance further. Compared with full-diversity multiple antennas STB coding schemes, the proposed scheme can implement full data rate, partial diversity and a smaller complexity, and has more spatial redundancy information. Moreover, using the proposed scheme can form efficient spatial interleaving, thus performance loss due to partial diversity is effectively compensated by the concatenation of turbo coding. Simulation results show that on the condition of the same system throughput and concatenation of turbo code, the proposed scheme has lower bit error rate (BER) than those low-rate and full-diversity multiple antennas STB coding schemes.

Space–Time Block Coding Iterative Multiuser Receiver

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Hong Rui Jiang ◽  
Kyung Sup Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Multiuser Detection ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Block ◽  
Block Coding ◽  
Space Time Block Coding ◽  
Multiuser Receiver ◽  
Single User ◽  
User Space

We present a multiuser receiver for CDMA systems with the combination of turbo channel coding and space–time block coding. A turbo scheme based on multiuser detection, soft interference cancellation and decoding is provided, and the algorithms for space–time decoding and separately interference suppressing are derived in this paper. The multiuser detection consists of multiuser interference suppression and single-user space–time decoding. Then we develop the iterative multiuser receiver based on the soft estimates of the interfering users' symbols. Moreover, simulation is given to verify the effectiveness of the multiuser receiver.

Ford Mondeo

2011 ◽  
pp. 281-297
Author(s):  
Michael J. Mol
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
North America ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Single Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Information

This case weighs the advantages and disadvantages of going global. Ford presented its 1993 Mondeo model, sold as Mystique and Contour in North America, as a “worldcar”. It tried to build a single model for all markets globally to optimize scale of production. This required strong involvement from suppliers and heavy usage of new information technology. The case discusses the difficulties that needed to be overcome as well as the gains that Ford expected from the project. New technology allowed Ford to overcome most of the difficulties it had faced in earlier attempts to produce a worldcar. IT was flanked by major organization changes within Ford. Globalization did not spell obvious success though. While Ford may in the end have succeeded in building an almost global car, it did not necessarily build a car that was competitive in various markets. The Mondeo project resulted in an overhaul of the entire organization under the header of Ford 2000. This program put a heavy emphasis on globalization although it perhaps focused too little on international cooperation and too much on centralization. In terms of Ford’s own history, the Mondeo experience may not be called a new Model T, but does represent an important step in Ford’s transformation as a global firm.

Ford Mondeo

2011 ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Michael J. Mol
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
North America ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Single Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Information

This case weighs the advantages and disadvantages of going global. Ford presented its 1993 Mondeo model, sold as Mystique and Contour in North America, as a ‘world car.’ It tried to build a single model for all markets globally to optimize scale of production. This required strong involvement from suppliers and heavy usage of new information technology. The case discusses the difficulties that needed to be overcome as well as the gains that Ford expected from the project. New technology allowed Ford to overcome most of the difficulties it had faced in earlier attempts to produce a world car. IT was flanked by major organization changes within Ford. Globalization did not spell obvious success though. While Ford may in the end have succeeded in building an almost global car, it did not necessarily build a car that was competitive in various markets. The Mondeo project resulted in an overhaul of the entire organization under the header of Ford 2000. This program put a heavy emphasis on globalization although it perhaps focused too little on international cooperation and too much on centralization. In terms of Ford’s own history, the Mondeo experience may not be called a new Model T, but does represent an important step in Ford’s transformation as a global firm.

The Research of Authentication Framework Based on PKI and ID-PKI

2011 ◽  
Vol 63-64 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
You Chan Zhu ◽  
Xiao Fang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Identity Authentication ◽  
Security System ◽  
First Line ◽  
Grid Security ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Authentication Mechanism ◽  
Grid Applications ◽  
Authentication Technology ◽  
Large Grid

As the development of network the grid will be widely used. To choose a suitable authentication mechanism in a large grid is very important. Identity authentication is one of the important mechanisms that can achieve grid security. It is the first line in the grid applications. It is also a portal in the security system. In the light of the advantages and disadvantages of PKI and ID-PKI, this paper provides a new technology. Presently, PKI and ID-PKI authentication technology is a popular authentication technology. This technology uses the identity certification to reduce the overhead in the domain, and uses CA authentication between domains to guarantee the security of the system.

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