scholarly journals Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Recent Progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yongchang Li ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Xiangqi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicines ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Significant Burden

Cerebral ischemia is a common global disease that is characterized by a loss of neurological function and a poor prognosis in many patients. However, only a limited number of treatments are available for this condition at present. Given that the efficacies of these treatments tend to be poor, cerebral ischemia can create a significant burden on patients, families, and society. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation treatment has shown significant potential in animal models of ischemic stroke; however, the specific mechanisms underlying this effect have yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, clinical trials have yet to yield promising results. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify new methods to improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation as an optimal treatment for ischemic stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of recent scientific reports concerning novel strategies that promote MSC transplantation as an effective therapeutic approach, including physical approaches, chemical agents, traditional Chinese medicines and extracts, and genetic modification. Our analyses showed that two key factors need to be considered if we are to improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation treatments: survival ability and homing ability. We also highlight the importance of other significant mechanisms, including the enhanced activation of MSCs to promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of permeability in the blood-brain barrier. Further in-depth investigations of the specific mechanisms underlying MSC transplantation treatment will help us to identify effective methods that improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation for ischemic stroke. The development of safer and more effective methods will facilitate the application of MSC transplantation as a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of poststroke brain damage.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines against Ischemic Injury in In Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Yi Cheng ◽  
Yu-Chen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Injury ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicines ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Transcription Factor Activation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. In the ischemic cascade, resident microglia are rapidly activated in the brain parenchyma and subsequently trigger inflammatory mediator release, which facilitates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in inflammation. Activated leukocytes invade the endothelial cell junctions and destroy the blood-brain barrier integrity, leading to brain edema. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulation in microglia/macrophages through the activation of intercellular signaling pathways secretes various proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes and then aggravates cerebral ischemic injury. The secreted cytokines activate the proinflammatory transcription factors, which subsequently regulate cytokine expression, leading to the amplification of the inflammatory response and exacerbation of the secondary brain injury. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), including TCM-derived active compounds, Chinese herbs, and TCM formulations, exert neuroprotective effects against inflammatory responses by downregulating the following: ischemia-induced microglial activation, microglia/macrophage-mediated cytokine production, proinflammatory enzyme production, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinases, TLR expression, and deleterious transcription factor activation. TCMs also aid in upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and neuroprotective transcription factor activation in the ischemic lesion in the inflammatory cascade during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Thus, TCMs exert potent anti-inflammatory properties in ischemic stroke and warrant further investigation.

Recent progress in andrographolide derivatization: structural modification and biological activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Wang ◽  
Yueying Yang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Dejuan Sun ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicines ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Labdane Diterpenoid

: Natural products have remarkable structural diversity and biological characteristics, providing researchers with more possibilities to develop novel drugs for disease therapeutics. Andrographolide, an ent-labdane diterpenoid from traditional Chinese medicines, Andrographis paniculata, exhibits a broad range of biological activities, which has been a hot area of research for several years. Up to now, lots of its derivatives with multiple bioactivities have been prepared through chemical modification. This review summarizes andrographolide derivatives prepared in the last ten years (2006-present), classifies them by different biological activities, and provides some discussion about the design of novel and potent derivatives.

scholarly journals Astragaloside and/or Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Cultured Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cell Death through Downregulation of PHLPP-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jinyi Cao ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Lu Lei ◽  
Lu Bai ◽  
Ruimin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Oxygen Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicines ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
Chinese Medicines

The incidence of ischemic stroke, a life-threatening condition in humans, amongst Asians is high and the prognosis is poor. In the absence of effective therapeutics, traditional Chinese medicines have been used that have shown promising results. It is crucial to identify traditional Chinese medicine formulas that protect the blood-brain barrier, which is damaged by an ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to elucidate such formulas. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were used to establish an in vitro ischemia-reperfusion model for oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) experiments to evaluate the function of two traditional Chinese medicines, namely, astragaloside (AS-IV) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), in protecting against BMEC. Our results revealed that AS-IV and HSYA attenuated the cell loss caused by OGD by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, these compounds promoted the migration and invasion of BMECs in vitro. Furthermore, we found that BMECs rescued by AS-IV and HSYA could be functionally activated in vitro, with AS-IV and HSYA showing synergetic effects in rescuing BMECs survival in vitro by reducing the expression of PHLPP-1 and activating Akt signaling. Our results elucidated the potential of AS-IV and HSYA in the prevention and treatment of stroke by protecting against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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