Correlates of Unmet Need for Contraception in Ethiopia: Evidence from 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract Background: There is limited evidence on unmet need to contraceptive among married reproductive age women especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married women of reproductive age in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 dataset, 2019. Method: A secondary analysis was done on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (2016) dataset by using cross sectional study design. A total of 9125 women who were married, fecund and/or sexually active were included in the analysis. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Result: Factors significantly associated with unmet need were; ages between 15-19 years [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.34, 3.79)], greater than or equal to three living children [AOR=1.87, 95 % CI: (1.40, 2.49)], belong to richer household [AOR=0.73, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.97)], Muslim followers [AOR=1.37, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.83)], married more than once [AOR=1.31, 95 % CI: (1.06, 1.62)]. From community level variables, belong to Somali region [AOR=0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.61)] were significantly associated with unmet need. Conclusion: Both individual and community-level factors were significant determinants of unmet need. From individual level factors; ages of women, number of living children, religion, married more than once and wealth of house hold and from community level variables; region was significantly associated with unmet need for contraception. The findings suggested that health care providers should mainly focus on women nearly on menopauses, who live in the poorest household and who had many number of living children and married more than once to decrease unmet need to contraceptive.

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Individual and community level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married reproductive age women in Ethiopia. A multilevel analysis using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.2.17815/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Melaku Yalew Anagaw ◽

Bezawit Adane Desta ◽

Bereket Kefale Abitew ◽

Yitayish Damtie Sinishaw

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Community Level ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Care Providers ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Reproductive Age Women ◽

Living Children ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

Abstract Background: There is limited evidence on unmet need to contraceptive among married reproductive age women especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married women of reproductive age in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 dataset, 2019. Method: A secondary analysis was done on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (2016) dataset by using cross sectional study design. A total of 9125 women who were married, fecund and/or sexually active were included in the analysis. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Result: Factors significantly associated with unmet need were; ages between 15-19 years [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.34, 3.79)], greater than or equal to three living children [AOR=1.87, 95 % CI: (1.40, 2.49)], belong to richer household [AOR=0.73, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.97)], Muslim followers [AOR=1.37, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.83)], married more than once [AOR=1.31, 95 % CI: (1.06, 1.62)]. From community level variables, belong to Somali region [AOR=0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.61)] were significantly associated with unmet need. Conclusion: Both individual and community-level factors were significant determinants of unmet need. From individual level factors; ages of women, number of living children, religion, married more than once and wealth of house hold and from community level variables; region was significantly associated with unmet need for contraception. The findings suggested that health care providers should mainly focus on women nearly on menopauses, who live in the poorest household and who had many number of living children and married more than once to decrease unmet need to contraceptive.

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Individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. A multi-level analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.2.17815/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Melaku Yalew ◽

Bezawit Adane ◽

Bereket Kefale ◽

Yitayish Damtie

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Community Level ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Reproductive Age Women ◽

Multi Level ◽

Living Children ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

Abstract Background: There is limited evidence on the unmet need for contraceptives among married reproductive-age women especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Method: A secondary analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset which were collected cross-sectional. A total of 9,056 women who were fecund, married and/or sexually active were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Result: Factors significantly associated with unmet need were; ages of women between 45-49 years [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.34, 3.79)], greater than or equal to three living children [AOR=1.87, 95 % CI: (1.40, 2.49)], belong to richer household [AOR=0.73, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.97)], Muslim followers [AOR=1.37, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.83)], married more than once [AOR=1.31, 95 % CI: (1.06, 1.62)]. From community level variables, belong to Somali region [AOR=0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.61)] were significantly associated with unmet need. Conclusion: Both individual and community-level factors were significant determinants of unmet need. From individual-level factors: advanced ages of women, many total numbers of living children, live in the richer wealth quintile, being Muslim follower and married more than once and from community-level variables: belong to the Somali region were significantly associated with unmet need for contraception. The findings suggested that health care providers should mainly focus on women nearly on menopauses, who live in the poorest household and who had many numbers of living children and married more than once to decrease the unmet need for contraceptives.

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Association between media exposure and family planning in Myanmar and Philippines: evidence from nationally representative survey data

Contraception and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s40834-021-00154-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pranta Das ◽

Nandeeta Samad ◽

Hasan Al Banna ◽

Temitayo Eniola Sodunke ◽

John Elvis Hagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Mass Media ◽

Health Survey ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Media Exposure ◽

The Philippines ◽

Education Level ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Mass Media Exposure

Abstract Background Although women in South Asia and South-east Asia have developed their knowledge regarding modern contraceptive and other family planning techniques, limited information exists on the influence of mass media exposure on the utilization of contraceptives and family planning. The current study examined the association between media exposure and family planning in Myanmar and Philippines. Methods The study analyzed data from the 2017 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and 2015–16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS). Three family planning indicators were considered in this study (i.e., contraceptive use, demand satisfied regarding family planning and unmet need for family planning). A binary logistic regression model was fitted to see the effect of media exposure on each family planning indicator in the presence of covariates such as age group, residence, education level, partner education level, socio-economic status, number of living children, age at first marriage, and working status. Results The prevalence of contraception use was 57.2% in the Philippines and 55.7% in Myanmar. The prevalence of demand satisfied regarding family planning was 70.5 and 67.1% in the Philippines and Myanmar respectively. Unmet need regarding family planning was 16.6% and 19.9% in the Philippines and Myanmar respectively. After adjusting for the covariates, the results showed that women who were exposed to media were more likely to use contraception in Philippines (aOR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.42–3.54) and Myanmar (aOR 1.39, 95% CI = 1.15–1.67). Media exposure also had a significant positive effect on demand satisfaction regarding family planning in the Philippines (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.42–3.37) and Myanmar (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09–1.64). However, there was no significant association between media exposure and unmet need in both countries. Conclusions The study established a strong association between mass media exposure and the use and demand satisfaction for family planning among married and cohabiting women in Philippines and Myanmar. Using mass media exposure (e.g., local radio, television- electronic; newspapers) to increase both access and usage of contraceptives as well as other family planning methods in these countries could be pivotal towards the attainment of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) of improving maternal health.

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Age disparities in unmet need for contraception among all sexually active women in Colombia: Demographic Health Survey 2015

Women & Health ◽

10.1080/03630242.2021.1936350 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sharon Sánchez-Franco ◽

Catalina González-Uribe

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Demographic Health Survey ◽

Age Disparities ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

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Unmet Need for Family Planning Among Married Women in Zambia: Lessons from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-690859/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harriet Namukoko ◽

Rosemary Ndonyo Likwa ◽

Twaambo E. Hamoonga ◽

Million Phiri

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Health Survey ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Married Women ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Special Focus ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Unintended Pregnancies

Abstract Introduction: Unmet need for family planning among married women is still high in Africa. In the year 2018, one in every five married women in Zambia had an unmet need for family planning. Unmet need for family planning can increase the number of unintended pregnancies and abortions, both of which have the potential to increase the proportion of women of child bearing age who are at high risk of birth complications. Studies have shown that factors explaining unmet need for family planning vary significantly from country to country, depending on access and availability of family planning services for women. We conducted this study to understand the determinants of unmet need for family planning in Zambia. Knowledge of factors associated with unmet need for family planning can help governments and stakeholders to identify health strategies to reduce unwanted fertility and prevent maternal and child mortality.Methods: The study used datasets from the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey which was a representative cross-sectional survey conducted in 2018. Zambia conducted a Demographic and Health to capture health indicators which are used to measure progress of implementation of health sector interventions. We did analysis on a sample of 7, 597 married women aged 15-49 years. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse determinants of unmet need for family planning. Stata version 14.2 was used to analyse weighted data and survey commands were applied to account for the complex sample design. Results: Study findings have revealed that half of the married women were still not using contraception by 2018. Unmet need for family planning among married women is still a public health issue in Zambia. In multivariate regression analysis; age, parity, household wealth and exposure to media-based family planning messages were found to be significantly associated with unmet need for family planning among married women.Conclusion: There is need to enhance family planning policy and programming in the country in order to achieve desired health outcomes. Mass media campaigns and community-based outreach activities with special focus on the young women can achieve significant results in reducing unmet need for family planning. Further, there should be some deliberate interventions to conduct family planning talks during in health facilities targeting women who visit maternal and children care clinics.

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Age disparities in unmet need for contraception among all sexually active women in Colombia: an analysis of the 2015 Demographic Health Survey

10.21203/rs.2.16341/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sharon Sánchez-Franco ◽

Catalina González-Uribe

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Health Survey ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Age Groups ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Social Determinant ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Unintended Pregnancies ◽

Age Disparities ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

Abstract Background Unmet need for contraception increases unintended pregnancies and puts the health and reproductive rights of women at risk. Social determinants are associated with unmet need for contraception, but it is unclear if age is a social determinant of disparities in reproductive health-related outcomes in all Colombian women irrespective of marital status.Methods This study used the 2015 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome of interest was the unmet need for contraception among 24,245 sexually active women aged 13-49. Age was associated with unmet need for contraception in Colombia through multivariate analysis. Absolute and relative inequalities were estimated using prevalence differences and odds ratios, respectively.Results The prevalence of unmet need was significantly higher in women in marital union aged 13 to 19 years old (19.8%), than their unmarried counterparts (16.8%), and all older age groups either married or unmarried. Women 13 to 19 years old [OR=2.98 (2.49-3.57)] and 20-29 year old [OR=1.71(1.48-1.97)] are more likely to have an unmet need for contraception than those 40-49-year-old.Conclusions Age disparities are barriers to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals for sexual and reproductive health. Cultural, social, and access barriers demand to tailor health care services to meet the needs of younger women to narrow the age gap.

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Spatial Heterogeneity and Socio-economic Correlates of Unmet Need for Spacing in India: Evidences From National Family Health Survey, 2015-16

10.21203/rs.3.rs-882681/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margubur Rahaman ◽

MD Juel Rana ◽

Avijit Roy ◽

Pradip Chouhan

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family Planning ◽

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Health Survey ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Married Women ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Natural Break ◽

National Family ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

Abstract Background:The high unmet need for contraception among women who wants to delay their subsequent births for two or more years is a challenging issue in India. Therefore, the present study aims to display spatial heterogeneity and determine the associated factors underlying the unmet need for contraception among the currently married women aged 15-49 years with a demand for spacing births in India.Methods:The present study used data from the National Family and Health Survey, 2015-16. Unmet need for spacing (UNS) used as outcomes and socio-cultural and demographic factors as explanatory variables. Among the comprehensive family planning, 16.7% (56742 women) of currently married women had demand for spacing births were used for analysis. Univariate, bivariate with chi-square significance test, spatial natural break technique, and multivariate logistic regression were used to accomplish the study objectives. Results:Almost 17% of women had demand spacing out of total demand for family planning in India. High unmet need for contraception found among them except the women with higher-level education and wealth status. District level spatial heterogeneity of UNS shows 119 districts had very high unmet for spacing (69% and above). Results from multivariate logistic regression show that UNS's likelihood was noticeably high among the women with parity three or more (AOR: 1.42 [1.3-1.55]) compared to their counterparts. Similarly, 44% (AOR: 1.44[1.38-1.51]) more likely found among the OBC than General caste. Rural (AOR: 1.24[1.19-1.30]) women compared to urban, women living in South (AOR: 6.19 [5.76-6.65]), Central (AOR: 1.52 [1.43-1.61]), and West (AOR: 1.80 [1.68-1.92]) region compared to those from North had higher odds of UNS. Conclusion:Deal with the UNS in India requires scaling up women education, client choice-based services, campaign on benefits of spacing births and available contraception, and socio-economically backward group centric policies.

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Spatial Heterogeneity and Socio-economic Correlates of Unmet Need for Spacing Contraception in India: Evidences from National Family Health Survey, 2015-16

10.21203/rs.3.rs-882665/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margubur Rahaman ◽

Md Juel Rana ◽

Avijit Roy ◽

Pradip Chouhan

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family Planning ◽

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Health Survey ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Married Women ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Natural Break ◽

National Family ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

Abstract Background:The high unmet need for contraception among women who wants to delay their subsequent births for two or more years (UNS) is a challenging issue in India. Therefore, the present study aims to display spatial heterogeneity and determine the associated factors underlying the UNS among the currently married women aged 15-49 years with a demand for spacing births in India.Methods:The present study used data from the National Family and Health Survey, 2015-16. Unmet need for spacing (UNS) used as outcomes and socio-cultural and demographic factors as explanatory variables. Among the comprehensive family planning, 16.7% (56742 women) of currently married women had demand for spacing births were used for analysis. Univariate, bivariate with chi-square significance test, spatial natural break technique, and multivariate logistic regression were used to accomplish the study objectives. Results:Almost 17% of women had demand spacing out of total demand for family planning in India. High unmet need for contraception found among them except the women with higher-level education and wealth status. District level spatial heterogeneity of UNS shows 248 districts had remarkably high unmet for spacing (68% and above). Results from multivariate logistic regression show that UNS's likelihood was noticeably high among the women with parity three or more (AOR: 1.42 [1.3-1.55]) compared to their counterparts. Similarly, 44% (AOR: 1.44[1.38-1.51]) more likely found among the OBC than General caste. Rural (AOR: 1.24[1.19-1.30]) women compared to urban, women living in South (AOR: 6.19 [5.76-6.65]), Central (AOR: 1.52 [1.43-1.61]), and West (AOR: 1.80 [1.68-1.92]) region compared to those from North had higher odds of UNS. Conclusion:Deal with the UNS in India requires scaling up women education, client choice-based services, campaign on benefits of spacing births and available contraception, and socio-economically backward group centric policies.

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