Racial Differences in Helicobacter pylori CagA Sero-prevalence in a Consortium of Adult Cohorts in the United States

SUMMARYHelicobacter pylori imparts a considerable burden to public health. Infections are mainly acquired in childhood and can lead to chronic diseases, including gastric ulcers and cancer. The bacterium subsists in water, but the environment's role in transmission remains poorly understood. The nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was examined for environmental risk factors associated with H. pylori seroprevalence. Data from 1999–2000 were examined and weighted to represent the US population. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations with seropositivity. Self-reported general health condition was inversely associated with seropositivity. Of participants aged <20 years, seropositivity was significantly associated with having a well as the source of home tap water (aOR 1·7, 95% CI 1·1–2·6) and living in a more crowded home (aOR 2·3, 95% CI 1·5–3·7). Of adults aged ⩾20 years, seropositivity was not associated with well water or crowded living conditions, but adults in soil-related occupations had significantly higher odds of seropositivity compared to those in non-soil-related occupations (aOR 1·9, 95% CI 1·2–2·9). Exposures to both well water and occupationally related soil increased the effect size of adults' odds of seropositivity compared to non-exposed adults (aOR 2·7, 95% CI 1·3-5·6). Environmental exposures (well-water usage and occupational contact with soil) play a role in H. pylori transmission. A disproportionate burden of infection is associated with poor health and crowded living conditions, but risks vary by age and race/ethnicity. These findings could help inform interventions to reduce the burden of infections in the United States.

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Iron Deficiency and Helicobacter pylori Infection in the United States

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwj018 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 163 (2) ◽

pp. 127-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

Victor M. Cardenas ◽

Zuber D. Mulla ◽

Melchor Ortiz ◽

David Y. Graham

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

The United States ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection

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Racial Differences in Unemployment in the United States, 1890–1990

The Journal of Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0022050700011451 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 696-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Richard K. Vedder ◽

Lowell Gallaway

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Racial Differences ◽

The United States

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Theorizing Gentrification as a Process of Racial Capitalism

City and Community ◽

10.1177/15356841211054790 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153568412110547

Author(s):

Zawadi Rucks-Ahidiana

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Middle Class ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Low Income ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Composition ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Racial Capitalism ◽

Quantitative Studies ◽

Prior Literature

Academics largely define gentrification based on changes in the class demographics of neighborhood residents from predominately low-income to middle-class. This ignores that gentrification always occurs in spaces defined by both class and race. In this article, I use the lens of racial capitalism to theorize gentrification as a racialized, profit-accumulating process, integrating the perspective that spaces are always racialized to class-centered theories. Using the prior literature on gentrification in the United States, I demonstrate how the concepts of value, valuation, and devaluation from racial capitalism explain where and how gentrification unfolds. Exposure to gentrification varies depending on a neighborhood’s racial composition and the gentrification stakeholders involved, which contributes to racial differences in the scale and pace of change and the implications of those changes for the processes of displacement. Revising our understanding of gentrification to address the racialization of space helps resolve seemingly contradictory findings across qualitative and quantitative studies.

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Designing strategies for eradication of Helicobacter pylori based on prevalence patterns of infection and antibiotic resistance in a low‐income, medically underserved community in the United States

Helicobacter ◽

10.1111/hel.12769 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Harpreet Singh ◽

Hansol Chung ◽

Imad Awan ◽

Anjali Mone ◽

Robert Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Low Income ◽

The United States ◽

Medically Underserved ◽

Underserved Community

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Racial Differences in Disease Presentation and Management of Intracranial Meningioma

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1676788 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (06) ◽

pp. 555-561

Author(s):

C. Lane Anzalone ◽

Amy E. Glasgow ◽

Jamie J. Van Gompel ◽

Matthew L. Carlson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Tumor Size ◽

The United States ◽

Intracranial Meningioma ◽

Multivariable Model ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Hispanic Patients ◽

The Impact

Objective/Hypothesis The aim of the study was to determine the impact of race on disease presentation and treatment of intracranial meningioma in the United States. Study Design This study comprised of the analysis of a national population-based tumor registry. Methods Analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database was performed, including all patients identified with a diagnosis of intracranial meningioma. Associations between race, disease presentation, treatment strategy, and overall survival were analyzed in a univariate and multivariable model. Results A total of 65,973 patients with intracranial meningiomas were identified. Of these, 45,251 (68.6%) claimed white, 7,796 (12%) black, 7,154 (11%) Hispanic, 4,902 (7%) Asian, and 870 (1%) patients reported “other-unspecified” or “other-unknown.” The median annual incidence of disease was lowest among black (3.43 per 100,000 persons) and highest among white (9.52 per 100,000 persons) populations (p < 0.001). Overall, Hispanic patients were diagnosed at the youngest age and white patients were diagnosed at the oldest age (mean of 59 vs. 66 years, respectively; p < 0.001). Compared with white populations, black, Hispanic, and Asian populations were more likely to present with larger tumors (p < 0.001). After controlling for tumor size, age, and treatment center in a multivariable model, Hispanic patients were more likely to undergo surgery than white, black, and Asian populations. Black populations had the poorest disease specific and overall survival rates at 5 years following surgery compared with other groups. Conclusion Racial differences among patients with intracranial meningioma exist within the United States. Understanding these differences are of vital importance toward identifying potential differences in the biological basis of disease or alternatively inequalities in healthcare delivery or access Further studies are required to determine which factors drive differences in tumor size, age, annual disease incidence, and overall survival between races.

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