Fourteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients Dying from Suicide Compared to Other Causes of Death

BackgroundThe clinical significance in schizophrenia of positive and negative symptoms at discharge was assessed.MethodOf schizophrenic patients fulfilling DSM–III criteria, 113 were recruited for this study. Personal, social and psychopathological data were collected and all cases were followed up at one and two years after discharge.ResultsThe presence of positive symptoms (64 cases), without concomitant negative symptoms, did not predict the follow-up social function and positive symptom score. Conversely, the presence of negative symptoms (31 cases) predicted worse social functioning (P < 0.05 to P < 0.005) and higher positive symptom scores (P < 0.01) at follow-up using MANOVA. Eighteen cases (15.9%) had neither positive nor negative symptoms and had the best clinical outcome.ConclusionsNegative, but not positive, symptoms assessed at discharge are an important predictor of poor outcome. In addition, negative symptoms may themselves expose a biological vulnerability to the presence of positive symptoms.

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A Follow-Up Study of Intensively Treated Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

American Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1176/ajp.125.8.1123 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 125 (8) ◽

pp. 1123-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MICHEL MESSIER ◽

RICHARD FINNERTY ◽

CONSTANCE S. BOTVIN ◽

LESTER GRINSPOON

Keyword(s):

Chronic Schizophrenic ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Schizophrenic Patients

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Metabolic, endocrinologic and cardiac effects of amisulpride: a 24-week follow-up study

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/2045125311426896 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 189-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zeynep Kotan ◽

Berrin Ertepe ◽

Cengiz Akkaya ◽

Emre Sarandol ◽

Güven Ozkaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Cardiac Effects ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Sexual Side Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Second Generation Antipsychotic ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms

Background: Amisulpride is a second-generation antipsychotic which has been proved to be effective in the control of both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In this study we aimed to determine metabolic, endocrinologic and cardiac effects of amisulpride commonly used in our clinical practice. Methods: A total of 18 patients (11 males, 7 females) diagnosed with schizophrenia received amisulpride at the dosage of 800 mg/day and were followed up for 24 weeks. Positive and negative psychotic symptoms, extrapyramidal and sexual side effects, metabolic, endocrinologic and cardiac parameters were evaluated at regular intervals. Results: Significant improvement in both positive and negative symptoms was observed in patients starting from the second week of treatment. Prolactin levels increased significantly both in men and women starting from the measurement on day 4. Prolactin elevation was significantly higher in women than in men. Increase in total cholesterol level became significant at week 24. No other significant difference was observed between weeks 1 and 24 regarding the other parameters. Conclusions: The clinical data from the present study supports the fact that amisulpride is an effective and safe antipsychotic drug, but elevates prolactin levels in both sexes.

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Positive and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia: A 1-year follow-up study

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/0920-9964(90)90168-7 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

C.L. Cazzullo ◽

P Boato ◽

E Gianpieri ◽

G.M. Gidobio ◽

G Invernizzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms

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Which Aspects of Long-Term Outcome Are Predicted by Positive and Negative Symptoms in Early-Onset Psychosis? An Exploratory Eight-Year Follow-Up Study

Psychopathology ◽

10.1159/000366489 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Barbara Remberk ◽

Anna Katarzyna Bażyńska ◽

Zofia Bronowska ◽

Paweł Potocki ◽

Anna Krempa-Kowalewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Early Onset Psychosis ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms

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Long-term trajectories of positive and negative symptoms in first episode psychosis: A 10year follow-up study in the OPUS cohort

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 168 (1-2) ◽

pp. 84-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Stephen F. Austin ◽

Ole Mors ◽

Esben Budtz-Jørgensen ◽

Rikke Gry Secher ◽

Carsten R. Hjorthøj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms

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Suicidal Behavior in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients: A Follow-up Study

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378603100808 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 737-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Alec Roy ◽

Judy Schreiber ◽

Anne Mazonson ◽

David Pickar

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Index Admission ◽

Chronic Schizophrenic ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Psychiatric Admissions ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

The Mean

A follow-up study was carried out of suicidal behavior among 127 chronic schizophrenic patients. We were able to obtain follow-up information for 100 of the 127 patients (78.7%). Over the mean follow-up time of 4½ years, 6 of these 100 patients (6%) had committed suicide and 16 other patients (16%) had attempted suicide. Chronic schizophrenic patients who attempted suicide during the follow-up period, compared with those who did not, had had significantly more psychiatric admissions. Using the data obtained at the time of the index admission we were unable to accurately predict the 6 schizophrenic patients who were known to have subsequently committed suicide.

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Positive and Negative Symptom Course in Chronic Community-Based Patients

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.166.5.634 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 166 (5) ◽

pp. 634-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Donald M. Quinlan ◽

David Schuldberg ◽

Hal Morgenstern ◽

William Glazer

Keyword(s):

Maintenance Treatment ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Community Based ◽

Symptom Profile ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms ◽

Over Time

BackgroundThe long-term symptom profile of chronic out-patients was studied.Method. 242 out-patients receiving neuroleptic medications (109 with schizophrenia and 133 non-schizophrenics), were studied for positive (SAPS) and negative (SANS) symptoms at baseline and at 24 months to investigate whether these symptom groups changed over out-patient maintenance treatment.ResultsOverall and within groups, negative symptoms decreased and positive symptoms increased. While the sums of the SANS scores for the schizophrenic patients were initially higher, their mean SANS score dropped more over time (P< 0.001), to show no difference from non-schizophrenics at follow-up. Positive symptoms increased in both groups, although schizophrenics were higher at both times; sub-scales within the SANS showed different patterns of change.ConclusionSupport is found for a multidimensional view of both positive and negative symptoms and for a reconsideration of the notion of ‘progressive downward course’ in schizophrenia.

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