Pili trianguli et canaliculi: A Distinctive Hair Shaft Defect Leading to Uncombable Hair

Chapter 3 starts by covering conditions of the hair, including Alopecias (Loose Anagen Hair, Male Pattern Baldness, and Marie Unna Syndrome), Hirsutism (Gingival Fibromatosis and Hypertrichosis, Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa Congenita, Leprechaunism, and Localized Hypertrichosis), and Hair Shaft Abnormalities (including Monilethrix, Pili Annulati, Pili Torti, Pili Trianguli Et Canaliculi, Trichorrhexis Invaginata, Trichorrhexis Nodosa, Woolly Hair, Menkes Disease, Trichodentoosseous Syndrome, Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome, and Trichothiodystrophy). It then covers conditions of the nails, including Congenital Malalignment of the Great Toenails, Familial Dystrophic Shedding of the Nails, Leukonychia, Twenty-Nail Dystrophy, Nail-Patella Syndrome, Onychotrichodysplasia and Neutropenia, and Pachyonychia Congenita). Conditions of the Sweat Glands (Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Hyperhidrosis, and Multiple Syringomas), Sebaceous Glands (Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts, Familial Dyskeratotic Comedones, Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type I, and Steatocystoma Multiplex), and Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndromes (AEC Syndrome, Clouston Syndrome, EEC Syndrome, Focal Facial Ectodermal Dysplasia, GAPO Syndrome, Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia, and Tooth and Nail Syndrome) are also covered. Each condition is discussed in detail, including dermatologic features, associated anomalies, histopathology, basic defect, treatment, mode of inheritance, prenatal diagnosis, and differential diagnosis.

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Disorders of Epidermal Appendages

10.1093/med/9780195397666.003.0003 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Virginia P. Sybert

Keyword(s):

Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽

Menkes Disease ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Type I ◽

Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome ◽

Steatocystoma Multiplex ◽

Pili Trianguli Et Canaliculi ◽

Nail Patella Syndrome ◽

Pili Torti

Hair – Alopecias – Loose Anagen Hair – Male Pattern Baldness – Marie Unna Syndrome – Hirsutism – Gingival Fibromatosis and Hypertrichosis – Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa Congenita – Leprechaunism – Localized Hypertrichosis – Polycystic Ovarian Disease – Hair Shaft Abnormalities, Isolated – Monilethrix – Pili Annulati – Pili Torti – Pili Trianguli Et Canaliculi – Trichorrhexis Invaginata – Trichorrhexis Nodosa – Woolly Hair – Hair Shaft Abnormalities, Syndromic – Menkes Disease – Trichodentoosseous Syndrome – Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome – Trichothiodystrophy – Nails – Nail Disorders, Isolated – Congenital Malalignment of the Great Toenails – Familial Dystrophic Shedding of the Nails – Leukonychia – Twenty-Nail Dystrophy – Nail Disorders, Syndromic – Nail-Patella Syndrome – Onychotrichodysplasia and Neutropenia – Pachyonychia Congenita – Sweat Glands – Hidradenitis Suppurativa – Hyperhidrosis – Multiple Syringomas – Sebaceous Glands – Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts – Familial Dyskeratotic Comedones – Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type I – Steatocystoma Multiplex – Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndromes – AEC Syndrome – Clouston Syndrome – EEC Syndrome – Focal Facial Ectodermal Dysplasia – GAPO Syndrome – Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia – Tooth and Nail Syndrome

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Human-hair analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124835 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 886-887

Author(s):

Brenda E. Lambert ◽

Ernest C. Hammond

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Hair Analysis ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

White Female ◽

Chemical Processing ◽

X Ray ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Wave Technique ◽

Permanent Wave ◽

Scanning Electron

The purpose of this study was to examine the external structure of four human hair shaft samples with the scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and to obtain information regarding the chemical composition of hair by using the attached x ray microanalysis unit.The hair samples were obtained from two female subjects. Sample A was taken from a black female and had not undergone any type of chemical processing. Sample B, C, D were taken from a white female, and were natural, processed, and unpigmented, i.e. “gray”, respectively. Sample C had been bleached, tinted, and chemically altered using a permanent wave technique.

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High-voltage EM description of the types and distribution of sensory endings in the inner conical body of the rat vibrissal follicle-sinus complex

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010015959x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 410-411

Author(s):

Tony M. Mosconi ◽

Min J. Song ◽

Frank L. Rice

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Species ◽

Dorsal Side ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Sensory Innervation ◽

Conical Body ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Perpendicular Plane ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Unmyelinated Axons ◽

Sensory Endings

Whiskers or vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes (F-SCs) on the snouts of many mammalian species are structures that have complex, dense sensory innervation. The innervation of F-SCs is remarkably similar in all species with the exception of one site - the inner conical body (ICB). The ICB is an elongated cylindrical structure that encircles the hair shaft near the neck of the follicle. This site has received only cursory attention in ultrastructural studies of the F-SCAdult rats were perfused after the method of Renehan and Munger2. F-SCs were quartered longitudinally and embedded separately in Epon-Araldite. Serial 0.25 μm sections were cut in either the longitudinal or perpendicular plane through the ICB and examined with an AEI EM7 1.2 MV HVEM (Albany, NY) at 1000 KV. Sensory endings were reconstructed from serial micrographs through at least 20 μm in the longitudinal plane and through 10 μm in the perpendicular plane.From two to six small superficial vibrissal nerves converge upon the neck of the F-SC and descend into the ICB. The nerves branch into smaller bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons along the dorsal side of the hair shaft.

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Pulmonary hair embolism in a rescued free-ranging Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in Kinmen, Taiwan

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

WT Li ◽

YL Chiang ◽

TY Chen ◽

CL Lai

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Lutra Lutra ◽

Lung Lobe ◽

Eurasian Otter ◽

Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽

Free Ranging

Eurasian otters Lutra lutra are listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and are imperiled by habitat loss, water pollution, and poaching. Harassment and attacks by stray animals are also recognized threats to the health of wild Eurasian otters. Pulmonary hair embolism is a possible complication in animals with deep traumatic injury, but to date no cases have been reported in wildlife. A free-ranging, adult male Eurasian otter was rescued due to severe emaciation and multiple bite wounds. The otter died 3 d after rescue and was necropsied. Grossly, a 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm firm nodule was observed in the left cranial lung lobe. Histologically, a fragment of hair shaft surrounded by multinucleated foreign body giant cells was observed in a medium-sized vein, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration was noted in the adjacent vascular wall and lung parenchyma. Based on the gross and histological findings, the pulmonary lesion was consistent with eosinophilic pneumonia and vasculitis induced by hair embolism. The presence of well-formed multinucleated foreign body giant cells and eosinophils may imply a late stage of foreign body reaction, and thus the presumptive source of hair embolism is an animal bite. This is the first report of pulmonary hair embolism associated with animal bite in a rescued free-ranging Eurasian otter.

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Evidence from a humanized mouse model of androgenetic alopecia that platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) stimulates hair regrowth, hair shaft diameter and vellus‐to‐terminal hair reconversion in vivo

British Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/bjd.20084 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Laufer Britva ◽

A. Keren ◽

A. Ginzburg ◽

Y. Ullmann ◽

R. Paus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Humanized Mouse ◽

Humanized Mouse Model ◽

Terminal Hair ◽

Hair Regrowth ◽

Shaft Diameter

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Small mammal glucocorticoid concentrations vary with forest fragment size, trap type, and mammal taxa in the Interior Atlantic Forest

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81073-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah A. Boyle ◽

Noé U. de la Sancha ◽

Pastor Pérez ◽

David Kabelik

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Small Mammals ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Fragment Size ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Trapping Methods ◽

Free Ranging

AbstractSpecies that live in degraded habitats often show signs of physiological stress. Glucocorticoid hormones (e.g., corticosterone and cortisol) are often assessed as a proxy of the extent of physiological stress an animal has experienced. Our goal was to quantify glucocorticoids in free-ranging small mammals in fragments of Interior Atlantic Forest. We extracted glucocorticoids from fur samples of 106 small mammals (rodent genera Akodon and Oligoryzomys, and marsupial genera Gracilinanus and Marmosa) from six forest fragments (2–1200 ha) in the Reserva Natural Tapytá, Caazapá Department, Paraguay. To our knowledge, this is the first publication of corticosterone and cortisol levels for three of the four sampled genera (Akodon, Oligoryzomys, and Marmosa) in this forest system. We discovered three notable results. First, as predicted, glucocorticoid levels were higher in individuals living withing small forest fragments. Second, animals captured live using restraint trapping methods (Sherman traps) had higher glucocorticoid levels than those animals captured using kill traps (Victor traps), suggesting that hair glucocorticoid measures can reflect acute stress levels in addition to long-term glucocorticoid incorporation. These acute levels are likely due to urinary steroids diffusing into the hair shaft. This finding raises a concern about the use of certain trapping techniques in association with fur hormone analysis. Finally, as expected, we also detected genus-specific differences in glucocorticoid levels, as well as cortisol/corticosterone ratios.

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