scholarly journals Neuro-Behçet: Pons Involvement with Longitudinal Extension to Midbrain and Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Franco-Macías ◽  
Florinda Roldán-Lora ◽  
Paula Martínez-Agregado ◽  
Nuria Cerdá-Fuertes ◽  
Francisco Moniche
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Pyramidal Syndrome ◽  
Extensive Lesion ◽  
Longitudinal Extension ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

A 21-year-old right-handed man developed progressive dysarthria and gait disturbance over 4 months (associated with intermittent hiccups). During that time, he also suffered from uveitis. A physical examination showed pseudobulbar and pyramidal signs and genital and oral ulcers. A brain MRI revealed an extensive lesion mainly located in the ventral pons, with an extension upwards to the midbrain. The inferior olivary nucleus also showed hyperintensity. After the treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone and pulses of cyclophosphamide, he improved. As observed on his MRI, his lesions also improved, except for an increase of the inferior olivary nucleus, consistent with hypertrophic olivary degeneration. Neuro-Behçet tropism for ventral brainstem explains the usual presentation with pyramidal syndrome. Hypertrophic olivary degeneration due to pons involvement could explain the hiccup attacks in a few known cases.

scholarly journals Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration – A Report of Two Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Sarawagi ◽  
Aravind Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is seen following lesions in the Guillain–Mollaret triangle. This is unique because the inferior olivary nucleus hypertrophies following degeneration unlike the typical atrophy seen in other structures. We report two cases of HOD in two different clinical scenarios.

scholarly journals Bilateral surgical damage of the central tegmental tract resulting in bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration: An MRI case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lana ◽  
Chiara Ganazzoli ◽  
Girolamo Crisi
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsy ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration ◽  
Seventh Cranial Nerve ◽  
Central Tegmental Tract ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare trans-synaptic neuronal degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus caused by an injury to the dentato-rubro-olivary connection, also known as Guillain-Mollaret triangle. It leads to hypertrophy of the affected nucleus rather than atrophy and is characterized by hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. Unilateral and bilateral cases are described. We present a case of a 70-year-old patient affected by a tumor inside the fourth ventricle who suffered from diplopia and right seventh cranial nerve palsy. He underwent surgery and developed left seventh cranial nerve palsy. Three months after resection, magnetic resonance imaging revealed the appearance of bilateral HOD. This is the first report of bilateral HOD occurrence after surgical bilateral damage of the rubro-olivary fibers running in central tegmental tracts.

scholarly journals Bilateral Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration Following Brainstem Insult: A Retrospective Review and Examination of Causative Pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 263310552110074
Author(s):  
Fardad Behzadi ◽  
Peter J Fiester ◽  
Dinesh Rao
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration ◽  
Synaptic Degeneration ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Infectious Etiology ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration is a rare condition caused by a lesion in the Guillain-Mollaret triangle which leads to trans-synaptic degeneration resulting in the degenerative hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus. This condition presents clinically with palatal tremor but can also produce ocular myoclonus or cerebellar signs. While any lesion that occurs within the Guillian-Mollaret triangle and results in the deafferentation of the inferior olive can lead to hypertrophic olivary degeneration, the most common etiologies include ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, vascular malformation, neoplasm, and iatrogenic injury related to surgery. We report a series of 7 patients who presented with this condition bilaterally on MRI imaging, including 1 case which represents the first report of toxoplasmosis leading to the development of bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration and only the third reported case, unilateral or bilateral, related to an infectious etiology.

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration in a child following midbrain tumor resection: longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunes Orman ◽  
Thangamadhan Bosemani ◽  
George I. Jallo ◽  
Thierry A. G. M. Huisman ◽  
Andrea Poretti
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Over Time

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a dynamic process caused by disruptive lesions affecting components of the Guillain-Mollaret triangle (GMT). The authors applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate longitudinal changes of the GMT components in a child with HOD after neurosurgery for a midbrain tumor. Diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired on a 1.5-T MRI scanner using a balanced pair of diffusion gradients along 20 noncollinear directions 1 day and 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. Measurements from regions of interest (ROIs) were sampled in the affected inferior olivary nucleus, ipsilateral red nucleus, and contralateral superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles and dentate nucleus. For each ROI, fractional anisotropy and the mean, axial, and radial diffusivities were calculated. In the affected inferior olivary nucleus, the authors found a decrease in fractional anisotropy and an increase in mean, axial, and radial diffusivities 3 months after surgery, while 3 months later fractional anisotropy increased and diffusivities decreased. For all other GMT components, changes in DTI scalars were less pronounced, and fractional anisotropy mildly decreased over time. A detailed analysis of longitudinal DTI scalars in the various GMT components may shed light on a better understanding of the dynamic complex histopathological processes occurring in pediatric HOD over time.

Drug-induced activation of the inferior olivary nucleus in young rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Barragan ◽  
N. Delhaye-Bouchaud ◽  
P. Laget
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

scholarly journals Inferior Olivary nucleus degeneration does not lessen tremor in essential tremor

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan D. Louis ◽  
Daniel Trujillo Diaz ◽  
Sheng-Han Kuo ◽  
Shi-Rui Gan ◽  
Etty P. Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhuang ◽  
Fadi Xu ◽  
Donald T. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Fastigial Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Respiratory Modulation ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Several studies have demonstrated that cerebellar deep nuclei, particularly the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr), are involved in respiratory modulation. These nuclei receive inputs from the contralateral caudal inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla. The objectives of this study were to determine whether electrical and chemical activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nuclei (vIOc) affected respiration and, if true, whether the FNr was involved in the vIOc stimulation-evoked ventilatory responses. Experiments were conducted in 30 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. Our results showed that 1) electrical (25 or 100 μA at 10 or 20 Hz for 10 s) and chemical (1 or 100 mM, 25–50 nl N-methyl-d-aspartate) stimulation of the vIOc augmented ventilation predominantly via increasing tidal volume; 2) the responses to the electrical stimulation were almost eliminated by lesion of the contralateral FNr via microinjection of ibotenic acid; and 3) the respiratory responses to electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the rostral IO were 65–70% smaller compared with that evoked by vIOc stimulation. These findings strongly suggest that vIOc neurons play a significant role in modulation of respiratory activity, largely depending on their projections to the FNr.

Subthreshold oscillations of the membrane potential: a functional synchronizing and timing device

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lampl ◽  
Y. Yarom
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Synaptic Potential ◽  
Synaptic Potentials ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

1. Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations have been observed in different types of CNS neurons. In this in vitro study, we examined the possible role of these oscillations by analyzing the responses of neurons from the inferior olivary nucleus to a combined stimulation of sine wave and synaptic potentials. 2. A nonlinear summation of the sine wave and the synaptic potential occurred in olivary neurons; a superlinear summation occurred when the synaptic potential was elicited at the trough of the sine wave or during the rising phase. On the other hand, a less than linear summation occurred when the synaptic potentials were evoked during the falling phase of the wave. 3. Significant changes in the delay of the synaptic responses were observed. As a result of these changes, the maximum amplitude of the response occurred at the peak of the sine wave, regardless of the exact time of stimulation. The output of the neuron was therefore synchronized with the sine wave and depended only partly on the input phase. 4. These data demonstrate that neurons from the inferior olivary nucleus are capable of operating as accurate synchronizing devices. Moreover, by affecting the delay line, they act as a logic gate that ensures that the information will be added to the system only at given times.

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