scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Breast Cancer: A Review of the Literature

Breast Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Korsh ◽  
Allison Shen ◽  
Kristen Aliano ◽  
Thomas Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exist and persist in the atmosphere due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, and are established human carcinogens. The influence of PAHs on the development of breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, remains unclear. As established risk factors only account for approximately 41% of the breast cancer cases in the USA, researchers have sought to uncover environmental factors involved in breast cancer development. The breasts are particularly susceptible to aromatic carcinogenesis, and the implementation of biomarkers has provided promising insights regarding PAH-DNA adducts in breast cancer. The use of biomarkers measuring PAH-DNA adducts assesses exposure to eliminate the bias inherent in self-reporting measures in case-control studies investigating the link between PAHs and cancer. Adduct levels reflect exposure dose as well as how the body responds to this exposure, which is partially attributable to genetic variability. Evidence suggests that exposure to PAHs has a causational effect on breast cancer in humans, yet this interaction is not clearly understood. In vitro and animal-based studies have consistently revealed that exposure to PAHs deleteriously affects breast tissue, but there is no definitive link between these compounds and breast cancer.

scholarly journals Blood levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Women with Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A case-control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul K Singh ◽  
M Anand ◽  
D Rawtani ◽  
Uday P Singh ◽  
DK Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Control Study

Objective: As part of our program to investigate the possible role of environmental pollutants in the incidence of breast cancer in India, we conducted for the first time a hospital based case-control study where blood polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were determined in women suffering from benign and malignant breast lesions, and compared with those of disease free controls drawn from similar socioeconomic environment residing in and around New Delhi, India. Material & Methods: Anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (k) fluoranthene and dibenzo (a,h) anthracene were determined by HPLC-FD. Results: Level of total PAHs in control, benign and malignant groups (30 numbers in each) were 142.05 ± 50.84, 185.99 ± 61.97 and 200.74 ± 55.05 μg / L respectively. Mean levels of naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo (k) fluoranthene were higher in both malignant and benign groups than in control but the difference was not statistically significant. Of the total PAHs, 3–ringed compounds were found much higher (89%) in controls than in benign (52%) and malignant groups (54%). However, the percentage sum of 2, 4 and 5-ringed PAHs were much higher in malignant (46%) and benign (48%) groups when compared with those of controls (11%). Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate that higher levels of PAHs (especially non-carcinogenic), though statistically non-significant, were present in cases with benign and malignant breast lesions than in those of controls. Key Words: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Breast cancer; Benign lesions; HPLC-FD  DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2924Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1 (2010) 80-86

DNA Adducts Formed bysynDihydrodiol Epoxides of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Szeliga ◽  
Bruce D. Hilton ◽  
Hongmee Lee ◽  
Ronald G. Harvey ◽  
Anthony Dipple
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in moss with blood biomarker among nearby residents in Portland, Oregon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Burstyn ◽  
Geoffrey H. Donovan ◽  
Yvonne L. Michael ◽  
Sarah Jovan
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Wood Fire ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Environmental Air

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a component of air pollutants that are costly to measure using traditional air-quality monitoring methods. We used an epiphytic bio-indicator (moss genus: Orthotrichum) to cost-effectively evaluate atmospheric deposition of PAHs in Portland, Oregon in May 2013. However, it is unclear if measurements derived from these bioindicators are good proxies for human exposure. To address this question, we simultaneously, measured PAH-DNA adducts in blood samples of non-smokers residing close to the sites of moss measurements. We accounted for individual determinants of PAH uptake that are not related to environmental air quality through questionnaires, e.g., wood fires, consumption of barbecued and fried meats. Correlation and linear regression (to control for confounders from the lifestyle factors) evaluated the associations. We did not observe evidence of an association between PAH levels in moss and PAH-DNA adducts in blood of nearby residents, but higher level of adduct were evident in those who used wood fire in their houses in the last 48 hours. It remains to be determined whether bio-indicators in moss can be used for human health risk assessment.

Use of in vitro bioassays to facilitate read-across assessment of nitrogen substituted heterocycle analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Myriam Coulet ◽  
Hélia Latado ◽  
Mireille Moser ◽  
Harrie Besselink ◽  
Matthew Tate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
In Vitro Bioassays

Smoke Chemistry, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity Demonstrates Enhanced Toxicity of Cigarillos Compared With Cigarettes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Crosby ◽  
Berran Yucesoy ◽  
Carmine Leggett ◽  
Zheng Tu ◽  
Steven A Belinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Cultured Cell Line ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines

Abstract There has been limited toxicity testing of cigarillos, including comparison to cigarettes. This study compared the smoke chemistry and the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of 10 conventional cigarettes and 10 cigarillos based on the greatest market share. Whole smoke and total particulate matter (TPM) were generated using the Canadian Intense and International Organization for Standardization puffing protocols. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, carbonyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. TPM smoke extracts were used for the in vitro assays. Cytotoxicity was assessed in human bronchial epithelial continuously cultured cell line cells using the neutral red uptake assay. Genotoxic potential was assessed using the micronucleus (human lung adenocarcinoma continuously cultured cell line cells), Ames, and thymidine kinase assays. TPM from all cigarillos tested was more cytotoxic than cigarettes. Micronucleus formation was significantly greater for cigarillos compared with cigarettes at the highest dose of TPM, with or without rat liver S9 fraction. In the Ames test +S9, both tobacco products exhibited significant dose-dependent increases in mutation frequency, indicating metabolic activation is required for genotoxicity. In the thymidine kinase assay +S9, cigarillos showed a significantly enhanced mutation frequency although both tobacco products were positive. The levels of all measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and carbonyls (except acrolein) were significantly greater in cigarillos than cigarettes. The Canadian Intense puffing protocol demonstrated increased smoke constituent levels compared with International Organization for Standardization. Even though the gas vapor phase was not tested, the results of this study showed that under the tested conditions the investigated cigarillos showed greater toxicity than comparator cigarettes. This study found that there is significantly greater toxicity in the tested U.S. marketed cigarillos than cigarettes for tobacco constituent levels, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. These findings are important for understanding the human health toxicity from the use of cigarillos relative to cigarettes and for building upon knowledge regarding harm from cigarillos to inform risk mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Cancer initiation by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons results from formation of stable DNA adducts rather than apurinic sites

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Melendez-Colon ◽  
Andreas Luch ◽  
Albrecht Seidel ◽  
William M. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic
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