scholarly journals Long-Term Survival Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Parametric Survival Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon W. Fuller ◽  
Jeanine Ransom ◽  
Jay Mandrekar ◽  
Allen W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Parametric Survival

Background: Long-term mortality may be increased following traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the degree to which survival could be reduced is unknown. We aimed at modelling life expectancy following post-acute TBI to provide predictions of longevity and quantify differences in survivorship with the general population. Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study using data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) was performed. A random sample of patients from Olmsted County, Minnesota with a confirmed TBI between 1987 and 2000 was identified and vital status determined in 2013. Parametric survival modelling was then used to develop a model to predict life expectancy following TBI conditional on age at injury. Survivorship following TBI was also compared with the general population and age- and gender-matched non-head injured REP controls. Results: Seven hundred and sixty nine patients were included in complete case analyses. The median follow-up time was 16.1 years (interquartile range 9.0-20.4) with 120 deaths occurring in the cohort during the study period. Survival after acute TBI was well represented by a Gompertz distribution. Victims of TBI surviving for at least 6 months post-injury demonstrated a much higher ongoing mortality rate compared to the US general population and non-TBI controls (hazard ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.15-1.87). US general population cohort life table data was used to update the Gompertz model's shape and scale parameters to account for cohort effects and allow prediction of life expectancy in contemporary TBI. Conclusions: Survivors of TBI have decreased life expectancy compared to the general population. This may be secondary to the head injury itself or result from patient characteristics associated with both the propensity for TBI and increased early mortality. Post-TBI life expectancy estimates may be useful to guide prognosis, in public health planning, for actuarial applications and in the extrapolation of outcomes for TBI economic models.

TP2-3 Long-term survival and five year hospital resource usage following traumatic brain injury in scotland from 1997–2015: a population-based retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. e14.2-e14
Author(s):  
JJM Loan ◽  
NW Scott ◽  
JO Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resource Usage ◽  
Hospital Resource ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

AimTo determine if survival and hospital resource usage differ following traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with head injury without neurological injury(HI).MethodsThis retrospective population-based cohort study included all 25 319 patients admitted to a Scottish NHS hospital from 1997–2015 with TBI. Participants were identified using previously validated ICD-10 based definitions. For comparison, all 194 049 HI cases were identified. Our main outcome measures were hazards of all-cause mortality after TBI, compared with HI, over 18 years follow-up period; and odds of mortality at one month post-injury. Number of days spent as inpatients and number of outpatient attendances per surviving month post-injury were used as measures of resource utilisation.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratio for mortality in the first month post-injury for TBI was 7.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.73–7.52; p<0.001). For the remaining 18 year study period, the hazards of morality after TBI were 0.93 (CI 0.90–0.96; p<0.001). TBI was associated with 2.15 (CI 2.10–2.20; p<0.001) more days spent as inpatient and 1.09 times more outpatient attendances (CI 1.07–1.11; p<0.001) than HI.ConclusionsAlthough initial mortality following TBI is high, survivors of the first month can achieve comparable long-term survival to HI. However this is associated with increased utilisation of hospital services in the TBI group.

Long-Term Survival After Traumatic Brain Injury Part II: Life Expectancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan C. Brooks ◽  
Robert M. Shavelle ◽  
David J. Strauss ◽  
Flora M. Hammond ◽  
Cynthia L. Harrison-Felix
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

scholarly journals 513 Understanding the Role of HMGB1 Post-Traumatic Brain Injury - The Complex Interplay Between Neuro-Inflammation and Neurogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Marei ◽  
S Manivannan ◽  
O Elalfy ◽  
M Zaben
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health burden. Although neurogenesis occurs post-injury, achieving long term survival of newly generated neurons remains elusive. High Mobility Group Box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a pivotal cytokine in hosting the neuro-inflammatory response to injury, but also mediates neurogenesis during physiological development. In this review, we examine current evidence for post-traumatic neurogenesis and HMGB1 as a therapeutic target. Method PubMed database was evaluated with the following search terms: HMGB1, isoforms, neurogenesis, traumatic brain injury, Toll-like receptor, receptor for advanced glycation end-products. Results Multiple studies support the existence of neurogenesis post-injury both in vitro and in vivo. Different HMGB1 target receptors mediate different functions of HMGB1, though these are not mutually exclusive in the context of injury. Interaction with RAGE is responsible for developmental neurogenesis, whilst TLR-4 mediates the innate immune response. Though different HMGB1 isoforms are recognised, specific effects post-injury remains unexplored. In vivo animal studies demonstrate positive effects of HMGB1 antagonism post-TBI, but long-term outcomes remain unclear. Conclusions Modulating HMGB1 may enhance post-TBI recovery, but a mechanistic understanding of its effects on neurogenesis is fundamental to avoid negating potentially beneficial effects.

Long-Term Survival After Traumatic Brain Injury. Part II: Life Expectancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. e6
Author(s):  
Robert Shavelle ◽  
Jordan Brooks ◽  
David Strauss ◽  
Flora Hammond ◽  
Cynthia Harrison-Felix
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

scholarly journals Long-term survival after traumatic brain injury: A population-based analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen W. Brown ◽  
Cynthia L. Leibson ◽  
James F. Malec ◽  
Patricia K. Perkins ◽  
Nancy N. Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Long-term risk of dementia among people with traumatic brain injury in Denmark: a population-based observational cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse R Fann ◽  
Anette Riisgaard Ribe ◽  
Henrik Schou Pedersen ◽  
Morten Fenger-Grøn ◽  
Jakob Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Observational Cohort

scholarly journals Exosomal MicroRNA Differential Expression in Plasma of Young Adults with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Healthy Control

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Rany Vorn ◽  
Maiko Suarez ◽  
Jacob C. White ◽  
Carina A. Martin ◽  
Hyung-Suk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Chronic mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has long-term consequences, such as neurological disability, but its pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. Exosomal microRNAs (exomiRNAs) may be important mediators of molecular and cellular changes involved in persistent symptoms after mTBI. We profiled exosomal microRNAs (exomiRNAs) in plasma from young adults with or without a chronic mTBI to decipher the underlying mechanisms of its long-lasting symptoms after mTBI. We identified 25 significantly dysregulated exomiRNAs in the chronic mTBI group (n = 29, with 4.48 mean years since the last injury) compared to controls (n = 11). These miRNAs are associated with pathways of neurological disease, organismal injury and abnormalities, and psychological disease. Dysregulation of these plasma exomiRNAs in chronic mTBI may indicate that neuronal inflammation can last long after the injury and result in enduring and persistent post-injury symptoms. These findings are useful for diagnosing and treating chronic mTBIs.

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