scholarly journals The Influence of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Genetic Variants on Susceptibility to Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 2540-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tang ◽  
Jiaqian Fei ◽  
Chunxia Gu ◽  
Weixia Liu ◽  
Minwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Severe Chronic Hepatitis

Background/Aims: B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune inhibitory receptor involved in the pathogenesis of chronic viral infections. Little is known about the effects of BTLA gene polymorphisms on chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. In this study, we investigated whether the polymorphisms of BTLA are associated with the progression of chronic HBV infection. Methods: A total of 382 chronic HBV carriers and 170 healthy individuals in the same region were recruited for this study. The chronic HBV carriers were divided into three groups: asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASC), moderate chronic hepatitis B group (MCHB), and severe chronic hepatitis B group (SCHB). Two BTLA functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs76844316 and rs9288952) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced directly. Results: The results showed that the frequency of the G allele of rs76844316 was significantly lower in the SCHB group than in the other three groups. Subjects bearing at least one G allele (TG or GG genotype) at rs76844316 had decreased susceptibility to severe chronic hepatitis B compared with those bearing the TT genotype. Haplotype analysis of the two SNPs revealed that the frequency of the G-G haplotype was significantly lower in SCHB patients than in controls. Moreover, in the SCHB group, patients carrying the G allele of rs76844316 tended to have lower ALT levels than those without it. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the genetic variants of rs76844316 in BTLA influence the susceptibility to severe chronic hepatitis B and might play a protective role against the progression of chronic hepatitis B.

scholarly journals Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Associated with Increased Colorectal Cancer Risk in Taiwanese Population

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Hsiung Su ◽  
Thi Nga Le ◽  
Chih-Hsin Muo ◽  
Sister Arlene Te ◽  
Fung-Chang Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and colorectal cancer (CRC) are prevalent in Taiwan. We carried out a population-based case-control study to assess the association between HBV infection and CRC risk. Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we identified 69,478 newly diagnosed patients with CRC from 2005 to 2011. We further randomly selected 69,478 age- and gender-matched controls without CRC from the same database. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to evaluate the association between chronic HBV infection and CRC using a logistic regression analysis. HBV infection was found to be associated with the risk of CRC (OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–1.33). This relationship was similar in men and women. Age-specific analysis revealed that the CRC risk associated with HBV decreased with age. The adjusted ORs for patients aged <55, 55–64, and 65–74 years were 1.63 (95% CI = 1.48–1.79), 1.24 (95% CI = 1.13–1.37), and 1.02 (95% = 0.92–1.13), respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests that chronic HBV infection is significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC. Monitoring the risk of CRC development in young patients with HBV infection is crucial.

American Society of Clinical Oncology Provisional Clinical Opinion: Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Screening in Patients Receiving Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Treatment of Malignant Diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 3199-3202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Artz ◽  
Mark R. Somerfield ◽  
Jordan J. Feld ◽  
Andrew F. Giusti ◽  
Barnett S. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Purpose An American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) provisional clinical opinion (PCO) offers timely clinical direction to ASCO's membership following publication or presentation of potentially practice-changing information. This PCO addresses recommendations for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection screening in patients receiving cytotoxic or immunosuppressive chemotherapy for treatment of malignant diseases. Clinical Context The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued Recommendations for Identification and Public Health Management of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, recommending screening for hepatitis B infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], antihepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc], and antibodies to HBsAg [anti-HBs]) for “persons receiving cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy (eg, chemotherapy for malignant diseases…).” Provisional Clinical Opinion The evidence is insufficient to determine the net benefits and harms of routine screening for chronic HBV infection in individuals with cancer who are about to receive cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy or who are already receiving therapy. Individuals with cancer who undergo certain cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapies and have HBV infection or prior exposure to HBV may be at elevated risk of liver failure from HBV reactivation. As such, HBV screening requires clinical judgment. Physicians may consider screening patients belonging to groups at heightened risk for chronic HBV infection or if highly immunosuppressive therapy is planned. Highly immunosuppressive treatments include, but are not limited to, hematopoietic cell transplantation and regimens including rituximab. Screening based on a high risk of prior HBV exposure or risk of reactivation due to planned therapeutic regimens should include testing for HBsAg as a serologic marker for HBV infection. In some populations, testing for anti-HBc should also be considered. There is no evidence to support serologic testing for anti-HBs in this context. When evidence for chronic HBV infection is found, antiviral therapy before and throughout the course of chemotherapy may be considered to reduce the risk of HBV reactivation, although evidence from controlled trials of this approach is limited. Screening and/or treating HBV infection should not delay the initiation of chemotherapy. NOTE. ASCO's provisional clinical opinions (PCOs) reflect expert consensus based on clinical evidence and literature available at the time they are written, and are intended to assist physicians in clinical decision-making and identify questions and settings for further research. Due to the rapid flow of scientific information in oncology, new evidence may have emerged since the time a PCO was submitted for publication. PCOs are not continually updated and may not reflect the most recent evidence. PCOs address only the topics specifically identified in the PCO and are not applicable to interventions, diseases or stages of disease not specifically identified. PCOs cannot account for individual variation among patients, and cannot be considered inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other treatments. It is the responsibility of the treating physician or other health care provider, relying on independent experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best course of treatment for the patient. Accordingly, adherence to any PCO is voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding its application to be made by the physician in light of each patient's individual circumstances. ASCO PCOs describe the use of procedures and therapies in clinical practice and cannot be assumed to apply to the use of these interventions in the context of clinical trials. ASCO assumes no responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of ASCO's PCOs, or for any errors or omissions.

scholarly journals Vagaries of the Host Response to Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: What is the Ultimate Outcome of So-called “Asymptomatic HBV Carriers” Observed Over Several Decades?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Nicholas Noverati ◽  
Daniel Garrido ◽  
Dina Halegoua-DeMarzio ◽  
Hie-Won Hann
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent worldwide and up to 40% is known to progress to serious complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The outcome of the remaining infected individuals is not well documented. Our case series describes a longer cohort of chronic HBV infections that have remained asymptomatic with no progression of liver disease. Case Series: Thirty-three patients (ages 31-84) with chronic HBV infection were identified. All patients had no significant elevations in transaminase levels and were followed over 32 years, collectively. 18/33 had a fluctuating greater magnitude of HBV viral load with no elevations in tumor marker or significant radiographic changes to their liver. Discussion/Conclusion: Chronic HBV infection can lead to serious complications over time, the mechanism of which are not well understood. The variation in patients that do and do not develop these complications stresses the importance of the individual response to the virus and may highlight host immune response differences.

scholarly journals Obstetric implications of maternal chronic hepatitis B virus infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence T. Lao
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Antenatal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity is widely adopted to identify pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in order to target their newborn infants for combined passive-active neonatal immunization to prevent the maternal-to-child transmission of HBV. It is less certain whether the presence of chronic HBV infection in these largely asymptomatic women could impact their pregnancy outcome. There is now gathering information in the literature, though sometimes conflicting, on the obstetric implications of chronic HBV infection. The conflicting data is most probably related to confounding factors such as the immunological phase of chronic HBV infection, viral genotype and activity, presence of hepatic inflammation and other co-existing liver disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and coinfection with other virus such as hepatitis C virus and micro-organisms, which are usually not examined, but which could have made significant influence on the occurrence of many of the pregnancy complications and adverse fetal and neonatal outcome. For pregnancy complications, the evidence suggests association with increased gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, caesarean delivery, and postpartum haemorrhage, probably increased placental abruption and prelabour rupture of the membranes, and no effect or a reduction in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially preeclampsia. For perinatal outcome, there may be increased miscarriage and fetal malformations, and increase in both low birthweight and large-for-gestational age/macrosomic infants, as well as increased intrauterine fetal demise/stillbirth and fetal distress. However, most studies have not elaborated on the mechanisms or explanations of many of the adverse outcomes. Taken together, maternal chronic HBV infection increases the risk of adverse obstetric outcome overall, but further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the reasons and mechanisms of, and with a view to mitigate, these adverse obstetric outcomes.

Prevention of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection from Mothers to Infants in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
JAMES CHIN
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from mothers who either have an acute HBV infection or who are chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers to their infants has been well documented.1-3 In countries where HBV is hyperendemic, transmission from carrier mothers to their infants has been estimated to be the cause of 20% to 40% of all chronic HBV carriers in the population. Such transmission might account for as many as 50 million chronic HBV carriers throughout the world. Most HBV infections in infants are asymptomatic. Infected infants who develop antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) are presumably immune for life and are not believed to be at any increased risk of subsequent liver disease.

scholarly journals Genetic variants in ERBB4 is associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Oncotarget ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 4981-4992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Liu ◽  
Qun Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Shun He ◽  
Li-Ming Song ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Evidence of Tenofovir Resistance in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection: An Observational Case Series of South African Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolynne Mokaya ◽  
Tongai G Maponga ◽  
Anna L McNaughton ◽  
Marije Van Schalkwyk ◽  
Susan Hugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Genetic Barrier ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

ABSTRACTIntroductionTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is widely recommended for treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection because it is safe, affordable and has a high genetic barrier to resistance. TDF resistance associated mutations (RAMs) have been reported, but data are limited, particularly for Africa. We set out to identify RAMs in individuals with detectable HBV viraemia on TDF treatment.MethodsWe recruited adults with chronic HBV infection from Cape Town, South Africa, identifying individuals with a TDF resistance phenotype, defined as persistent HBV vireamia despite >12 months of TDF treatment. We sequenced HBV DNA using MiSeq Illumina with whole genome target enrichment, and analysed to determine the genotype and identify potential TDF RAMs, based on a pre-defined list of polymorphisms.ResultsAmong 66 individuals with chronic HBV, we identified three meeting our phenotypic definition for TDF resistance, of whom two were coinfected with HIV. The sequences grouped as genotypes A1 and D3. In one participant, the consensus HBV sequence had ten polymorphisms that have been described in association with TDF resistance. Significant treatment non-adherence in this individual was unlikely, as HIV RNA was suppressed. TDF RAMs were also present in HBV sequences from the other two participants, but other factors including treatment non-adherence may also have had a role in failure of HBV DNA suppression in these cases.DiscussionOur findings add to the evidence that RAMs in HBV RT can underpin a TDF resistant phenotype. This is the first time these RAMs have been reported from Africa in association with clinical evidence of TDF resistance.Contribution to the Field StatementTreatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) is one of the key strategies that needs to be upscaled in order to achieve the 2030 United Nations elimination target for viral hepatitis. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is widely recommended for the treatment of chronic HBV infection because it has a high genetic barrier to resistance. However, TDF resistance associated mutations (RAMs) have been reported, but data are limited, with a need for further investigation. Within a cross-sectional cohort of adults with chronic HBV infection recruited in Cape Town, South Africa, we describe combinations of HBV polymorphisms in three adults with detectable HBV viraemia whilst on TDF treatment. This is the first evidence of potential TDF resistance in adults being treated for chronic HBV in Africa and it adds to the growing evidence of TDF resistance globally. It remains necessary to advocate for the development of new antiviral treatments for chronic HBV infection if we are to attain elimination targets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document