Long-Term Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Outpatient Care: A 5- to 20-Year Follow-Up Study

IntroductionCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be an effective treatment of excessive health anxiety (HA), but the long-term effect over 18months has not been examined.ObjectivesSeveral studies have shown effect of CBT for HA-patients. However, these effects have been short or immediate after therapy. To our knowledge no studies have examined long-term effect of CBT for HA over 18 months.AimsTo investigate the long-term effect of CBT on HA, focusing on level of HA, quality of life, subjective health complaints and general anxiety. Follow-up time was at least 10 years. Our hypothesis was that the effect was sustained.MethodsPatients with HA received 16 sessions of CBT over a period of 12–18 months, and were followed up over at least 10 years. All patients fulfilled criteria for F45.2, hypochondriacal disorder according to ICD-10.The patients answered several questionnaires, exploring areas such as HA, Quality of life, somatization, and mental health problems. Questionnaires were answered before CBT, after CBT and at follow up. Mixed model analysis was performed in SPSS 23.0 for all questionnaires.ResultsAll scores were found to be significant in the Pre-CBT–Post-CBT and Pre-CBT–FU (0.034– < 0.001), and none were found to be significant in the Post-CBT–FU.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that for the majority of patients with HA, CBT has a significant and lasting long-term effect. This effect lasts up to ten years post therapy.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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Moderators of Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Chronic Pain: Who Benefits From Treatment at Long-Term Follow-Up?

Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.jpain.2019.10.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5-6) ◽

pp. 603-615

Author(s):

Caitlin B. Murray ◽

Rocio de la Vega ◽

Dorothy M. Loren ◽

Tonya M. Palermo

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Long Term Follow Up

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Different Moderators of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Subjective and Objective Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics ◽

10.1159/000329358 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Giovanni Castellini ◽

Edoardo Mannucci ◽

Carolina Lo Sauro ◽

Laura Benni ◽

Lisa Lazzeretti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Follow Up Study

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Long-Term Follow-up of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Symptom Severity and the Role of Exposure 8–10 Years After Inpatient Treatment

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 261-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne Katrin Külz ◽

Sarah Landmann ◽

Magdalena Schmidt-Ott ◽

Bartosz Zurowski ◽

Andreas Wahl-Kordon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be effectively treated by cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP). Yet, little is known about the long-term effects of inpatient CBT up to one decade after treatment. Thirty patients who had been treated with 12 weeks of intensive inpatient CBT with ERP were examined 8–10 years after their stay in hospital with regard to obsessive-compulsive symptoms, secondary outcomes, and use of healthcare services. Significant (p < .001) improvements in OC symptoms with medium and large effects compared to baseline on the Yale-Brown-Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R) could still be observed, with 20% of the patients reaching remission status. Continuation of exposure exercises after the inpatient stay was the sole significant factor for improved scores at follow-up. The results suggest that OCD does not necessarily take a chronic course. However, maintenance of exposure training seems to be crucial for sustained improvement.

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Dissemination of Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: A Follow-Up Study of Practitioners' Knowledge and Implementation

Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work ◽

10.1080/15433714.2013.849217 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 289-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jane D. Woody ◽

Debra K. Anderson ◽

Henry J. D'Souza ◽

Beth Baxter ◽

Jill Schubauer

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Follow Up Study

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Five-year outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure with response prevention for bulimia nervosa

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291710001583 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1061-1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

V. V. W. McIntosh ◽

F. A. Carter ◽

C. M. Bulik ◽

C. M. A. Frampton ◽

P. R. Joyce

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Relaxation Training ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Response Prevention ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Definition Of

BackgroundFew data exist examining the longer-term outcome of bulimia nervosa (BN) following treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure with response prevention (ERP).MethodOne hundred and thirty-five women with purging BN received eight sessions of individual CBT and were then randomly assigned to either relaxation training (RELAX) or one of two ERP treatments, pre-binge (B-ERP) or pre-purge cues (P-ERP). Participants were assessed yearly following treatment and follow-up data were recorded.ResultsEighty-one per cent of the total sample attended long-term follow-up. At 5 years, abstinence rates from binging were significantly higher for the two exposure treatments (43% and 54%) than for relaxation (27%), with no difference between the two forms of exposure. Over 5 years, the frequency of purging was lower for the exposure treatments than for relaxation training. Rates of recovery varied according to definition of recovery. Recovery continued to increase to 5 years. At 5 years, 83% no longer met DSM-III-R criteria for BN, 65% received no eating disorder diagnosis, but only 36% had been abstinent from bulimic behaviors for the past year.ConclusionsThis study provides possible evidence of a conditioned inoculation from exposure treatment compared with relaxation training in long-term abstinence from binge eating at 5 years, and the frequency of purging over 5 years, but not for other features of BN. Differences among the groups were not found prior to 5 years. CBT is effective for BN, yet a substantial group remains unwell in the long term. Definition of recovery impacts markedly on recovery rates.

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