scholarly journals A retrospective study on incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection among patients attending National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Owo centre

Author(s):  
Tony Ifeanyi Ojiezeh ◽  
Odunayo Omowumi Ogundipe ◽  
Victor Akinpelumin Adefosoye
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Graciano Mauricio Francisco Cumaquela ◽  
Atumane Alide ◽  
Carolina Remígio

Moçambique, um país com uma população de cerca de 25.834 milhões, está entre os 22 países que contribuem com 80% de casos de tuberculose no mundo e ocupa atualmente a 11ª posição, com uma incidência de 552 casos a cada 100 mil habitantes. O objetivo foi avaliar a evolução clínica do tratamento de Tuberculose pulmonar, através do seguimento dos casos desde o primeiro ao último mês de tratamento. Foi realizado um estudo de natureza descritiva, prospetivo, que incluiu uma amostra de 21 doentes com Tuberculose Pulmonar no Hospital Geral de Marrere (HGM), Nampula. Na coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas e observações através de um questionário fechado elaborado com base no modelo PNCT-3. Resultados: A incidência de casos novos foi de 90% enquanto que o restante foram casos previamente tratados e foi maior no sexo masculino. A coinfecção da Tuberculose pelo Vírus de Imunodeficiência Humano na amostra foi de 52%. As baciloscopias feitas mostraram um decréscimo de positividade desde o início, ao fim da fase I e II (71%, 0% e 5%). Os resultados do tratamento quanto a cura, abandono, falência terapêutica e óbito foram respetivamente 71%, 19%, 5% e 5%. Conclusão: A evolução clínica não foi satisfatória pois a taxa de cura não atingiu as metas recomendadas pelo Programa Nacional de Controlo de Tuberculose (PNCT).AbstractMozambique, a country with a population of about 25,834 million, is among the 22 countries that account for 80% of tuberculosis cases in the world and currently holds the 11th position, with an incidence of 552 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. The purpose was to evaluate the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment by following up cases from the first to sixth / eighth months of treatment. A study was conducted descriptive, prospective, which included a sample of 21 patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Marrere General Hospital (MGH), Nampula. In the collection data were interviews and observations through a closed questionnaire prepared based on the NTCP-3 model. Results: The incidence of new cases was 90%, while the remainder were previously treated cases and was higher in males. The co-infection of TB by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the sample was 52%. The smear made positivity showed decrease from the beginning to the end of phase I and II (71%, 0% and 5%). The results of the treatment as a cure, abandonment, treatment failure and death were respectively 71%, 19%, 5% and 5%. Conclusions: The clinical outcome was not satisfactory because the cure rate did not reach the targets recommended by the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTCP).


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Yadav ◽  
Raj K. ◽  
Kachnar V. ◽  
Manoj K. Mathur ◽  
Amitabh D. Shukla

Background: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies have been considered very specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have shown that these antibodies can be positive in infectious diseases like tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, etc.Methods: Eighty patients of tuberculosis both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and thirty patients of human immunodeficiency virus were enrolled in this study from inpatient and outpatient departments from September 2018 to August 2019. Anti-CCP antibody test was done in all the patient by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Fifty-three patients were of pulmonary tuberculosis, 27 patients were extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 30 patients were human immunodeficiency virus infection. Of the 53 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 21 (39.6%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 32 (60.4%) cases were negative for the same. Of the 27 cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, 3(11.1%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 24 (88.9%) cases were negative. Of the 53 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis, 16 were sputum positive and 37 were sputum negative. Of those withsputum positive 9 (56.2%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and those with sputum negative, 12 (32.4%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies. Of the 30 cases of human immunodeficiency virus, 5 (16.7%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 25 (83.3%) cases were negative.Conclusions: Anti-CCP can be positive in cases of infectious diseases like tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus. Positivity of anti-CCP antibodies for tuberculosis is more for pulmonary (more for sputum-positive than sputum-negative) than extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Anti-CCP, thus is not very specific for rheumatoid arthritis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash John ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Rana ◽  
Asif Hanif ◽  
Tallat Anwar Faridi ◽  
Sofia Noor ◽  
...  

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a subgroup of retrovirus causing HIV infection which if prolongs turns into a progressive failure of the immune system called as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is commonly prevalent in Male Transgenders who are born male and disobeys the cultural defined social norms and identify themselves as a female. The objective was to assess knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Transgender Community regarding Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Lahore, Pakistan. A Descriptive Cross-sectional Survey was conducted in Nine Towns of Lahore. A sample size of 79 was calculated and data was collected in duration of 9 months. A self-administered survey-based questionnaire was developed using WHO and National AIDS control Programme guidelines followed and pilot tested. Data was collected after Informed consent.The mean age of Respondents was 29.56 ± 8.27 years with minimum and maximum age as 19 and 50. In this study the mean knowledge score of the transgender about HIV Transmission was 2.804±0.32, the mean score of attitudes of transgender were 3.25±0.19 and the mean practice score was 2.931±0.28.Majority of the transgender have insufficient knowledge, and bad attitude towards their health. They have unsafe sexual practice and Drug Interventions playing a significant role in HIV epidemic. Majority of them are uneducated, unemployed and found sex selling and dancing an easiest way of earning. Their knowledge about HIV screening, transmission, and antiretroviral therapy is low.


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