scholarly journals Redescription of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. Bornschein ◽  
Mario M. Rollo Jr. ◽  
Marcio R. Pie ◽  
André E. Confetti ◽  
Luiz F. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Made In

Redescription of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Miniaturized frogs of the genus Brachycephalus have restricted geographical distributions throughout the Atlantic Forest. Ecological data for most species are scarce and advertisement calls have been described for only 12 of the 36 known species, including B. tridactylus. The considerable duration of note length of the advertisement call of B. tridactylus has been mentioned in comparative studies of vocalizations in Brachycephalus. The single original recording of B. tridactylus, together with recordings made in March 2016 at the type locality, were analyzed to document any variation and redescribe the advertisement call of the species. In the recent recordings of B. tridactylus, the average length of the call is 50.8 s and the call is composed of 10–13 notes emitted at a note rate of 3.7–8.3 notes per min. The notes are isolated and composed of 1–3 pulses, with the note duration varying from 0.002–0.021 s. These values are not consistent with the original description of the call of B. tridactylus. The note duration is 89% shorter and the original description does not include notes with 1–3 pulses. The notes of B. tridactylus have few pulses, whereas those of B. ephippium have several. The advertisement call of B. tridactylus differs from that of B. albolineatus and B. mirissimus by having only isolated notes.

scholarly journals Redescription of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. Bornschein ◽  
Mario M. Rollo Jr. ◽  
Marcio R. Pie ◽  
André E. Confetti ◽  
Luiz F. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Amplification Artefacts ◽  
The One

Background. Brachycephalus includes miniaturized frogs with restricted geographical distributions throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ecological data for most species are still scarce. For instance, advertisement calls have only been described for 12 of the 36 known species, including B. tridactylus, a recently described species from southern Brazil. Posteriorly, features of the advertisement call of B. tridactylus were compared with congeners and the unique characteristics of its call were highlighted. To confirm these potentially divergent characteristics, we reanalysed an original recording of B. tridactylus and analysed our own recordings and verified that the original description of its advertisement call is inaccurate. Thus, we redescribe its advertisement calls. Methods. We asked the descriptors of B. tridactylus the original recordings that they made and requested access to the only original recording deposited in a collection of sounds. We received from André Lima a copy of one recording, the same as the one that had deposited, and obtained permission to re-analyze it. We studied this recording and compared it with our own recordings, made at the type locality of the species on March, 2016. Sound samples were analysed with Raven Pro 1.5.0 and call analyses were made under a note-centered approach. Results. The original recording was amplified somehow by at least 6 dB and was also clearly low-pass filtered with a cutoff frequency of 10 kHz. Our analyses did not allow us to recognize several of the acoustic parameters normally described in Brachycephalus. The sound we heard from the notes overlapped with other signals (noise?), which prevented us from clearly determining the end of the note and other important features, such as the presence of pulses. According to our recordings (n = 15 individuals), B. tridactylus emitted a relatively long advertisement call (50.8 s, on average), composed by 10–13 notes emitted in a note rate of 3.7–8.3 notes per minute. Only isolated notes were present. The notes were composed by 1–3 pulses and the note duration varied from 0.002–0.021 s. Discussion. The original description of the call of B. tridactylus is incorrect because it included background noise and amplification artefacts as part of the call parameters. However, we recognize that the original recording and our recordings have captured the same type of call. In our measurements of the species calls, note duration was nearly an order of magnitude shorter as the original description. The existence of notes with 1–3 pulses was not acknowledged in the original description. With few pulses per notes, the advertisement call of B. tridactylus is distinct from the notes with several pulses of B. ephippium, B. pitanga, B. crispus, B. sulfuratus, and B. darkside. The advertisement calls of B. tridactylus is also distinct from that of B. albolineatus and B. mirissimus by having only isolates notes, instead of isolated notes and note groups.

scholarly journals Redescription of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. Bornschein ◽  
Mario M. Rollo Jr. ◽  
Marcio R. Pie ◽  
André E. Confetti ◽  
Luiz F. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Amplification Artefacts ◽  
The One

Background. Brachycephalus includes miniaturized frogs with restricted geographical distributions throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ecological data for most species are still scarce. For instance, advertisement calls have only been described for 12 of the 36 known species, including B. tridactylus, a recently described species from southern Brazil. Posteriorly, features of the advertisement call of B. tridactylus were compared with congeners and the unique characteristics of its call were highlighted. To confirm these potentially divergent characteristics, we reanalysed an original recording of B. tridactylus and analysed our own recordings and verified that the original description of its advertisement call is inaccurate. Thus, we redescribe its advertisement calls. Methods. We asked the descriptors of B. tridactylus the original recordings that they made and requested access to the only original recording deposited in a collection of sounds. We received from André Lima a copy of one recording, the same as the one that had deposited, and obtained permission to re-analyze it. We studied this recording and compared it with our own recordings, made at the type locality of the species on March, 2016. Sound samples were analysed with Raven Pro 1.5.0 and call analyses were made under a note-centered approach. Results. The original recording was amplified somehow by at least 6 dB and was also clearly low-pass filtered with a cutoff frequency of 10 kHz. Our analyses did not allow us to recognize several of the acoustic parameters normally described in Brachycephalus. The sound we heard from the notes overlapped with other signals (noise?), which prevented us from clearly determining the end of the note and other important features, such as the presence of pulses. According to our recordings (n = 15 individuals), B. tridactylus emitted a relatively long advertisement call (50.8 s, on average), composed by 10–13 notes emitted in a note rate of 3.7–8.3 notes per minute. Only isolated notes were present. The notes were composed by 1–3 pulses and the note duration varied from 0.002–0.021 s. Discussion. The original description of the call of B. tridactylus is incorrect because it included background noise and amplification artefacts as part of the call parameters. However, we recognize that the original recording and our recordings have captured the same type of call. In our measurements of the species calls, note duration was nearly an order of magnitude shorter as the original description. The existence of notes with 1–3 pulses was not acknowledged in the original description. With few pulses per notes, the advertisement call of B. tridactylus is distinct from the notes with several pulses of B. ephippium, B. pitanga, B. crispus, B. sulfuratus, and B. darkside. The advertisement calls of B. tridactylus is also distinct from that of B. albolineatus and B. mirissimus by having only isolates notes, instead of isolated notes and note groups.

Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4819 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-294
Author(s):  
MANUELLA FOLLY ◽  
LUCAS COUTINHO AMARAL ◽  
SERGIO POTSCH DE CARVALHO-E-SILVA ◽  
JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR.
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Brachycephalus bufonoides was described as a “variety” of B. ephippium based on two specimens which 90 years later was considered full species. Besides its brief original description, nothing else is known for this species. Herein we report the rediscovery of the pumpkin-toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides from Nova Friburgo, State of Rio de Janeiro, the second most populous area within the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. A detailed osteological description of this species was also provided, including skull, hyolaryngeal skeleton and postcranium skeleton. The laryngeal skeleton of Brachycephalus genus was depicted for the first time. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Brachycephalus using DNA sequences comprising two fragments of mitochondrial gene (16S). Both analysis with Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony supported the recognition of B. bufonoides as an exclusive lineage, allocated within the B. ephippium species group in B. vertebralis lineage. We improved the diagnosis and variation of the species, including more collected specimens, coloration in vivo and advertisement call description. Compared with its congeners, B. bufonoides has skin on head and dorsum with dermal hyperossification; skull with hyperossification of postorbital crests; a pair of hyperossified bulges about equidistant between postorbital crests; fourth presacral vertebra with transverse process hyperossified, ornamented and sacral diapophyses hyperossified, which can be seen externally (lineage of B. vertebralis sensu Condez et al. 2020); presence of dermal ossification as separated bulges of each vertebrae; general background color orange with different intensities of dark orange blotches on dorsum, including bordering of sacral region; absence of osteoderms and presence of warts on the dorsolateral surface of body; medium body size (SVL of adults: 12.0–14.5 mm for males and 14.7–16.3 mm for females; Table 1); rough dorsum; advertisement calls with 13 to 17 pulses; presence of pulse period modulation; and advertisement calls with notes longer than 0.2 s (0.22 to 0.31 s). Herein an important contribution for the taxonomy and systematics of this genus is provided, including a large amount of novel information for B. bufonoides from different sources (i.e., molecular, morphological variation, bioacoustic), allowing it to be included in future studies of species delimitation and relationships within Brachycephalus. Also, the discovery of this species reiterates the importance of Nova Friburgo for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity.

Current distribution of Nilgiri grass yellow Eurema nilgiriensis Yata (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), with an updated taxonomic key to Eurema of Western Ghats, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Sujitha ◽  
G. Prasad ◽  
R. Nitin ◽  
Dipendra Nath Basu ◽  
Krushnamegh Kunte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Original Description ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
The Nilgiris

Eurema nilgiriensis Yata, 1990, the Nilgiri grass yellow, was described from Nilgiris in southern India. There are not many published records of this species since its original description, and it was presumed to be a high-elevation endemic species restricted to its type locality. Based on the external morphology (wing patterns) as well as the male genitalia, the first confirmed records of the species from Agasthyamalais and Kodagu in the southern Western Ghats, is provided here. This report is a significant range extension for the species outside the Nilgiris, its type locality. Ecological data pertaining to this species as well as the field identification key to all known Eurema of Western Ghats are also presented.

Bioacoustic analysis in Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909) (Anura, Hylidae) at its type locality in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4232 (4) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS RODRIGO DOS SANTOS ◽  
ITAMAR ALVES MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Call Type ◽  
Bioacoustic Analysis

Scinax hayii was described in 1909 from the municipality of Petrópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Morphological variation and advertisement calls have been previously reported for other populations across the species distribution (Lutz 1973; Heyer et al. 1990; Cardoso & Andrade 1991; Pombal et al. 1995; Magrini et al. 2011; Abrunhosa et al. 2014). However, no information on calls are available from specimens recorded at the type locality, preventing the correct characterization of the species (Magrini et al. 2011). Here we describe the advertisement call and a second call type of S. hayii from Petrópolis, as a contribution towards a better understanding of the taxonomy of this species. 

Advertisement call and colour in life of Allobates crombiei (Morales) “2000” [2002] (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the type Locality (Cachoeira do Espelho), Xingu River, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3475 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTINA P. LIMA ◽  
LUCIANA K. ERDTMANN ◽  
ADOLFO AMÉZQUITA
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Xingu River ◽  
The Right

Allobates crombiei was described by Morales, “2000” [2002] based on specimens collected by Ronald I. Crombie from Cachoeira do Espelho, on the right bank of the Xingu River, Pará State, Brazil. The original description was short and did not include the call or colour in life. Rodrigues & Caramaschi (2004) suggested that the taxonomic status of this species need be clarified. We are confident that the species collected and recorded by us is Allobates crombiei (Morales) “2000” [2002] because this is the only species of Allobates found calling in forest near Cachoeira do Espelho, and the character diagnosis in preserved specimens is similar, except that, based on preserved specimens, Morales (2002) considered the ventrolateral and the oblique lateral stripes to be absent. This may be because they are imperceptible in preserved specimens. However, unlike recent authors, Morales (2002) also considered the oblique lateral stripe to be absent in Allobates brunneus, Allobates gasconi and Allobates ornatus, in which he illustrated diffuse spots.

The correct use of the name Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés, 1835), and the description of a new species of Brazilian tapaculo (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1271 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS A. RAPOSO ◽  
RENATA STOPIGLIA ◽  
VLADIMIR LOSKOT ◽  
GUY M. KIRWAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
A New Species

Scytalopus speluncae was described from a specimen taken at São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ménétriés described it as having the throat and the central breast evidently whitish, but since then this name has been rather surprisingly attributed to the uniformly slate gray Mouse-colored Tapaculo of the eastern coastal Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Contrary to previous findings, our analysis of the holotype, two new specimens from the type locality (topotypes) and original description of Scytalopus speluncae indicates that this name must be applied to the pale gray form with rufous-barred thighs that is found in Minas Gerais. This species is apparently very common in São João del Rei. This paper redescribes Scytalopus speluncae, correcting this name application, and describing, as a new species, populations from the Serra do Mar and vicinity, previously misidentified as S. speluncae.

scholarly journals Prevalence and intensity of infection by Raillietiella gigliolii Hett, 1924 (Pentastomida) in Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758 and A. vermicularis Wagler, 1824 (Amphisbaenidae) from Northeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
WO. Almeida ◽  
DL. Sales ◽  
GG. Santana ◽  
WLS. Vieira ◽  
SC. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Made In

Raillietiella gigliolii is a Neotropical pentastomid parasite found in Amphisbaena alba. Collections were made in northeastern Brazil in a remnant area of Atlantic Forest (07º 10' S and 35º 05' W) in the municipality of Cruz do Espírito Santo, Paraíba State, and in a Humid Forest area (07º 16' S and 39º 26' W) on the slopes of the Chapada do Araripe Mountains, municipality of Crato, Ceará state, Brazil. Nine specimens of A. alba and 12 of A. vermicularis were collected to gather basic ecological data (prevalence and mean intensity of infection) concerning these parasites. Raillietiella gigliolii was found infecting the lungs of both species. The prevalence for A. alba was 55.5% (5/9), with a mean intensity of infection of 5.0 ± 2.53 and amplitudes of 1-13. A. vermicularis demonstrated prevalence of 50%, with a mean intensity of infection of 5.3 ± 2.1 and amplitudes of 1-14. This represents the first record of R. gigliolii as a parasite of A. vermicularis. Our results suggest that R. gigliolii is a generalist parasite species and that an overlapping diet is the determinant factor in the sharing of its final hosts.

scholarly journals Rediscovery and subsequent observations of Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant Hemitriccus kaempferi in Santa Catarina, Brazil, with notes on conservation, life history and plumage

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Mazar Barnett ◽  
Guy M. Kirwan ◽  
Mark Pearman ◽  
Luciano Nicolás Naka ◽  
Joe A. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Made In

Previously known from two specimens, Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant Hemitriccus kaempferi is a globally threatened species endemic to the southern Brazil Atlantic Forest. The first field observations of this little-known taxon were made in the 1990s and our data therefore provide the first published information on its natural history, including breeding biology, behaviour and vocalizations, as well as a new locality. As very little information has appeared in the literature concerning the identification of this species, we present notes on its plumage and habits. Remarks concerning the species's conservation prospects and the importance of the remaining forest in the vicinity of the type-locality for other threatened bird species are made.

On the taxonomy and natural history of the secretive Ischnocnema lactea Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923) (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Brachycephalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4444 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
THIAGO SILVA-SOARES ◽  
LEO RAMOS MALAGOLI ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO GONÇALVES CRUZ ◽  
ULISSES CARAMASCHI
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Museum Data

The original description of Ischnocnema lactea (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923) was based on  two specimens and an inaccurate type locality. These circumstances have obscured the identity of this name. Moreover, the I. lactea species  has had a complex taxonomic history and, in general, specimens of species in this group are poorly represented in amphibian collections. The diagnosis of the series is confusing, with many non-exclusive and variable characters barely useful. An accurate diagnosis for the series requires a precise characterization of I. lactea, its type species. Recently discovered populations, museum data, and new information on the collector of the type specimen allowed the elucidation of important issues related to this species. Here we provide the redescription of Ischnocnema lactea based on the lectotype, and intraspecific variation based on newly collected specimens. Ischnocnema lactea  is characterized by its large body size (adult 19.6–26.7 mm SVL; females 27.6–34.3 mm SVL); dorsum and flanks rugose, venter granular; vocal sac single and subgular, externally expanded; finger disks expanded, T-shaped, indented and truncate in fingers II–IV; toes relative length I<II<III<V<IV; black blotch on cloacal region, tarsus, and feet; moderate calcar tubercle present. Its advertisement call consists on a single short pulsed note ranging from 634 to 1060 milliseconds, with dominant frequency ranging from 2239.5 to 2756.2 Hz. Males call perched on vegetation mostly during daytime, starting early in the morning, and reproduction is explosive, associated to cold front rains. Ischnocnema lactea is a secretive and endemic inhabitant of the Serra do Mar in Southeastern Brazil. The type locality is redefined to the Municipality of Caraguatatuba. 

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