Conservation Of Symphytum Officinale L. At Cmprh Garden, Emerald

Symphytum L. commonly called as comfrey, belongs to the family Boraginaceae. The genus of Symphytum L. have a great medicinal value and used to treat a wide variety of ailments viz., bronchial problems, sprains, broken bones, arthritis, acne and skin conditions whereas pharmacological effects of comfrey extracts are endorsed to several chemical compounds. In view of above point, the present study of Survey, Collection and Documentation of Symphytum species, were carried out in different places of India. The rhizomes of Symphytum species were collected from Mynala village of Nilgiris, subsequent survey were carried out to IIIM Chatha Research Farm Jammu Tawi during 2017-2018 and it was grown at CMPRH garden, Emerald to confirm the identification of plants species. This specimen was collected and preserved herbarium at CMPRH garden Emerald for future reference. Among plants parts roots and leaves are mostly used for homeopathic system of medicine and this species were maintained and reproduces subsequent year by seed and root fragments. Root cuttings are the least expensive method of propagation. In addition to that Performance of Symphytum officinale at Nilgiris conditions were observed and the results revealed that Symphytum officinale L. is an erect, perennial herb with thick root stock. Leaves oblong-lanceolate and flowers are blue in colour. The data on length of root ranged from 10-20 cm with black to brown colour. Similarly, the length of lower, middle and upper cauline leaves ranged from 32.3-37.2 cm, 25.2-27.8cm, 10.4- 13.2cm, respectively Whereas the width of the lower, middle, upper leaves ranged 12.5-17.4 cm , 7.6- 10.2cm , 3.4-4.1cm, respectively. Further, the studies on Symphytum officnale regarding root yield, dry matter ratio of leaves and roots as well as physiochemical properties other chemical compounds present and uses in homoeopathic system of the medicine under the Nilgiris condition are need to be studied elaborately in future.

Evaluation of different traps for the invasive leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis in potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields of the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India

Potatoes are currently threatened by the pea leaf miner (Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard), an exotic, exceedingly polyphagous, and chemically resistant pest that attacks a wide range of crops, ornamental plants, and weeds. The present work was conducted to study the attractiveness of various traps to Liriomyza leaf miner, one of the invasive pests recently observed in potato fields of Kotagiri and Ooty in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. A trial was conducted at these two different locations, the Nilgiris district, in 2021. The results revealed that among different traps tested for their efficacy in attracting the leaf miner, L. huidobrensis, yellow sticky trap was found to be more efficient in attracting adult leaf miner flies with the mean trap catches of 40.49 and 36.64 adult flies/ 10 cm2 areas at Kotagiri and Ooty respectively. The peak population of leaf miners was recorded in the last week of April (45.67 adult flies/ 10 cm2 areas) at Ooty and during the 3rd week of June (52.33 adult flies/ 10 cm2 areas) at Kotagiri. The correlation study revealed a significant positive correlation of the trap catches with maximum temperature, diurnal variation (DV) and growing day degrees (GDD). Multiple regression equation was also developed, where the abiotic factors contributed 46.1% and 65.5% to the Liriomyza leaf miner population fluctuation in the potato ecosystem. The trappers may be used to determine the initial presence of a leaf miners’ population and in projecting their future population through pest management models and management decisions.

Endophytic fungal association in roots of exotic medicinal plants cultivated in the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, Peninsular India

Algunos microbios beneficiosos para el suelo ayudan en el establecimiento y crecimiento de plantas medicinales exóticas. Por lo tanto, evaluamos la presencia y el estado de la asociación de endófitos de raíces [hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (AM) y hongos endofíticos septados oscuros (DSE)] en diez especies de plantas medicinales exóticas cultivadas en Nilgiris de los Ghats occidentales. El alcance de las variables endófitas de hongos y las características del pelo de la raíz difirieron significativamente entre las plantas medicinales. Se identificaron seis morfotipos de esporas de hongos AM en las muestras de suelo. Por lo tanto, este estudio indicó la asociación de plantas medicinales exóticas con hongos nativos AM y DSE que podrían explotarse para promover el crecimiento y aumentar la producción de metabolitos secundarios en estas especies de plantas. Some soil beneficial microbes help in the establishment and growth of exotic medicinal plants. Therefore, we evaluated the presence and status of root endophyte [arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi] association in ten exotic medicinal plant species cultivated in the Nilgiris of the Western Ghats. The AM fungi colonized all the examined plant species and eight plants had the co-occurrence of DSE fungi. The extent of fungal endophyte variables and root hair characteristics significantly differed among the medicinal plants. Six AM fungal spore morphotypes were identified in the soil samples. Thus, this study indicated the association of exotic medicinal plants with native AM and DSE fungi which could be exploited to promote growth and increase secondary metabolite production in these plant species.

Evaluating The Relationship Between Spatial Temporal Land Use Changes And Climate Pattern Of Nilgiris District

Due to deforestation, urbanization and land use changes, the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu has been impacted by climate variation. This study was carried out to explore the impact of the land use changes in Nilgiris District from 2011 to 2017using remote sensing images acquired from Landsat 7. Temperature and rainfall data of the study area were also obtained from IMD Pune. The results show that the current trend of decreasing forest area and increasing agricultural land, and the area also experienced a temperature increase of 0.4 ◦C between 2011 and 2017. This study is crucial for land planners and environmentalists to understand the impacts of land use change on the climate in Nilgiris District.

THE PANIYA TRIBE OF NILGIRIS: CAUGHT IN THE CONFLICT BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPIRATIONS AND TRADITION

Despite living in a techno- crafted society, many communities are still marginalized. This paper intends to examine the socio-cultural development of the Paniya tribes, the major tribal community which is sidelined in the Nilgiris district. Being mostly landless workers, illiterates, leaderless, unorganized, they are considered the most deprived people. The critical factors of constructive communication are found wanting in tribal people due to their shyness in contacting others, introverted behavior, lack of self-awareness, attitudes of the peer groups, and lack of condence that affects them physically and psychologically. This pushes the Paniyas into the vortex of a regressive stage in this society. The Paniyas, as a whole, are the poorest of the poor among all tribal communities. The struggles of the paniyas to be on a par with the mainstream in this society are taken cognizance of in this paper through a critical view of the socio-cultural dimensions like Culture, Language, Religion, and Level of education of tribals belonging to the Paniya community and their development. This paper adopts a Qualitative Research of descriptive case analysis using face-to-face interviews and case studies as the research tools. Though paniyas are underprivileged they are looking for a change in their standard of living. The changeover can take place by creating awareness and knowledge about the sources available for them for their development in social, economic, physical, and psychological aspects. Effective interpersonal interaction is the byword.

Status of Tribal Women in Tamil Nadu, India

In Tamil Nadu, there are six tribal communities according to the Tamil Nadu forest department website, namely, Toda, Kota, Kurumbas, Irulur, Paniyan and Kattunayakan. They are identified as Primitive Tribal Communities. These six tribal groups are natives to the Nilgiris. The members of this community are short, have black skin, and have protruding foreheads. They are hunting and collecting forest produce for their means of living. They usually never mix with other tribal groups. They still follow black magic and sorcery. They speak mixture of Dravidian languages. Kattunayakans are experts in collecting honey. The Paniyas worked as agricultural labourers. The Paniyas have only a crude idea of religion. They worship deity ‘Kali’ and banyan tree. They speak Paniya language, which belongs to the Dravidian family. They used to marry more than one woman provided if they can afford them. Another tribes, Irulas are collecting minor forest products. Some of them are also involved in looking after the cattles of others. They speak Irula, which belongs to the Dravidian family. Irulas are involved in healing practices and they are specialists in traditional herbal medicines. Traditionally, Irulas involved in snake and rat catching. Education and economic empowerment of tribal women can be measured through the power they have over financial resources to earn income and their per capita income, access to education, access and availability of professional opportunities and participation in economic decision making and their access to political opportunities. In Tamil Nadu, nearly 50% of the tribal population are illiterate. Among the literate groups, women constitute more percentage compared to men. This shows the positive turn towards the efforts on tribal women education. But efforts must be taken to make the entire population literate. Hence, it is essential for the central and state governments to concentrate their efforts more towards the illiterate group of the tribal population for ensuring overall development of the economy.

A review of the short story collection of Neelamalai

Review of the collection of short stories 'Neelamalai' written by Malayalam writer Urubu One of the notable writers in the world of Malayalam literature, PC Kuttikrishnan, also known as uhd Urubu, wrote a collection of short stories called 'Neelamalai' by. Kuttikrishna Menon is the whole point of Asha php. ‘Urubu’ is his nickname. Eva was born on June 8, 1915 in Ponnani, Kozhikode district. Evangel, Short Story, Drama, Poetry, as has given reassurance to all departments. MP Milk Award. Government of Kerala Award for Best Screenplay. Sahitya Akademi Award. The teacher sometimes lived in the Nilgiris and Wayanad hills, Short story Ava has said. There are a total of 6 short stories in this collection. The titles are set in relation to the central theme of the story. As the stories are centered on the Nilgiris and Wayanad, the technique of setting the beginning of the story with descriptions of places is used in all the stories. The characters in these stories are mostly hill people. Mountain races like Thotawa, Vaduga are shown. On a small scale vulgaris, gpw are shown as human beings. The hill tribesmen who come in male roles are hard workers. He has a hard working body and an owl mind that does not know the outside world. The women who come as female characters are innocent who do not know the outside world. So that he is deceived by others and, cannot break the rules. The characters, who are vulgar and, civilized, plunder the labor and life of the hill people. Pure Malayalam language is used in the stories. The vernacular is also used in the conversation of the hill tribes. vadugha language. Since the stories become the author's experience, it seems to be the best strategy to have the stories set by the teacher. The story is set in the Nilgiris, Wayanad hills, their biographical background, language, culture, customs, etc. The technique used in the stories is good. Having the meaning of the words in their own language helps the reader to understand the story.