Use of Er:YAG Laser to Decontaminate Infected Dental Implant Surface in Preparation for Reestablishment of Bone-to-Implant Contact

Resolution of peri-implant inflammation and re-osseointegration of peri-implantitis affected dental implants seem to be dependent on bacterial decontamination. The aims of the study were to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 3 different instrumentations on a micro-textured dental implant surface contaminated with an avirulent or a virulent Porphyromonas gingivalis strain and to determine alterations to the implant surface following instrumentation. Forty-five dental implants (Straumann SLA) were allocated to 3 treatment groups: Er:YAG laser, chitosan brush, and titanium curette (10 implants each) and a positive (10 implants) and a negative (5 implants) control. Each treatment group and the positive control were split into subgroups of 5 implants subsequently contaminated with either the avirulent or virulent P. gingivalis strain. The antimicrobial effect of instrumentation was evaluated using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Implant surface alterations were determined using a light interferometer. Instrumentation significantly reduced the number of attached P. gingivalis (P < .001) with no significant differences among groups (P = .310). A significant overall higher median score was found for virulent compared with avirulent P. gingivalis strains (P = .007); the Er:YAG laser uniquely effective removing both bacterial strains. The titanium curette significantly altered the implant surface micro-texture. Neither the Er:YAG laser nor the chitosan brush significantly altered the implant surface. The 3 instrumentations appear to have a similar potential to remove P. gingivalis. The titanium curette significantly altered the microstructure of the implant surface.

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Decontamination of Dental Implant Surfaces by the Er:YAG Laser Beam: A Comparative in Vitro Study of Various Protocols

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj6040066 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rima Nejem Wakim ◽

Melanie Namour ◽

Hoang Nguyen ◽

Andre Peremans ◽

Toni Zeinoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Low Energy ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Water Spray ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Dental Implant Surface ◽

Irradiation Energy

Oral rehabilitation with dental implants has revolutionized the field of dentistry and has been proven to be an effective procedure. However, the incidence of peri-implantitis has become an emerging concern. The efficacy of the decontamination of the implant surface, by means of lasers, is still controversial. Previous studies have revealed a reduction in osteoblast adhesion to carbon-contaminated implant surfaces. This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the decontamination of failed implants by assessing the carbon proportion, after irradiation by low-energy erbium yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (Er:YAG) (Fotona; 2940 nm, Ljubljana, Slovenia) for a single and for multiple passages, until getting a surface, free of organic matters; to find the appropriate procedure for dental-implant surface-decontamination. Ninety implants were used. Thirty sterile implants were kept as a negative control. Thirty failed implants were irradiated by the Er:YAG laser, for a single passage, and the other thirty, for multiple passages. The parameters used in our experiments were an irradiation energy of 50 mJ, frequency of 30 Hz, and an energy density of 3.76 J/cm2. A sapphire tip, with a length of 8 mm, was used with concomitant water spray irrigation, under air 6 and water spray 4. Super short pulse mode (SSP) was of 50 μs; irradiation speed being 2 mm/s. We used energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to evaluate the carbon proportion on the surfaces of the sterile implants, the contaminated, and the lased implants, with one (LX1) and with three passages (LX3). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Results showed mean difference between the three groups (contaminated, LX1, and LX3) with p < 0.0001, as between LX1 and Group A (p < 0.0001), while the difference between LX3 and the control group was not statistically significant. The decontamination of the implant surfaces with a low-energy Er:YAG laser with three passages, appeared to be an encouraging approach.

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The Impact of Dental Implant Surface Modifications on Osseointegration and Biofilm Formation

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1641

Author(s):

Stefanie Kligman ◽

Zhi Ren ◽

Chun-Hsi Chung ◽

Michael Angelo Perillo ◽

Yu-Cheng Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Surface Modifications ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Oral Rehabilitation ◽

Surface Design ◽

Polyether Ether Ketone ◽

Dental Implant Surface ◽

The Impact

Implant surface design has evolved to meet oral rehabilitation challenges in both healthy and compromised bone. For example, to conquer the most common dental implant-related complications, peri-implantitis, and subsequent implant loss, implant surfaces have been modified to introduce desired properties to a dental implant and thus increase the implant success rate and expand their indications. Until now, a diversity of implant surface modifications, including different physical, chemical, and biological techniques, have been applied to a broad range of materials, such as titanium, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone, to achieve these goals. Ideal modifications enhance the interaction between the implant’s surface and its surrounding bone which will facilitate osseointegration while minimizing the bacterial colonization to reduce the risk of biofilm formation. This review article aims to comprehensively discuss currently available implant surface modifications commonly used in implantology in terms of their impact on osseointegration and biofilm formation, which is critical for clinicians to choose the most suitable materials to improve the success and survival of implantation.

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Which dental implant surface is more effective in osteointegration: RBM surface versus SLA surface

The Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine ◽

10.4328/acam.20436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (07) ◽

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Surface Versus ◽

Dental Implant Surface

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Bioactive Coating on Titanium Dental Implants for Improved Anticorrosion Protection: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9100612 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 612 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jozefina Katić ◽

Ankica Šarić ◽

Ines Despotović ◽

Nives Matijaković ◽

Marin Petković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Density Functional ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bioactive Coating ◽

Dental Implant Surface

In recent years, extensive studies have been continuously undertaken on the design of bioactive and biomimetic dental implant surfaces due to the need for improvement of the implant–bone interface properties. In this paper, the titanium dental implant surface was modified by bioactive vitamin D3 molecules by a self-assembly process in order to form an improved anticorrosion coating. Surface characterization of the modified implant was performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and contact angle measurements (CA). The implant’s electrochemical stability during exposure to an artificial saliva solution was monitored in situ by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results obtained were corroborated by means of quantum chemical calculations at the density functional theory level (DFT). The formation mechanism of the coating onto the titanium implant surface was proposed. During a prolonged immersion period, the bioactive coating effectively prevented a corrosive attack on the underlying titanium (polarization resistance in order of 107 Ω cm2) with ~95% protection effectiveness.

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