scholarly journals On the feeding habit of the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis (van Bénedèn, 1864) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) in southeastern Brazil (~220S): has there been any change in more than two decades?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Clara Da Cruz Vidart Badia ◽  
Salvatore Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
The North ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Guiana Dolphin

Along the north and central coast of Rio de Janeiro State (22025’S–23000’S), southeastern Brazil, the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis forages on neritic prey, mainly fish.  From the analysis of the dolphin’s stomach contents and the identification of partially digested prey, it was verified that the most frequent prey species were young specimens of Trichiurus lepturus.  Comparing our results with previous studies on the feeding habits of Guiana Dolphin in the same region, we noticed the maintenance of its feeding preferences during more than two decades, indicating little or no change in the use of prey by this top predator. 

Stomach contents of the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) from Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Salvatore Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Cynoscion Guatucupa ◽  
Janeiro State

Along the central coast of Rio de Janeiro State (22°25′S–23°00′S), south-eastern Brazil, the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) feeds on neritic prey that are distributed through the water column and are abundant all year round. The most frequently found species were the teleost fish Trichiurus lepturus, Cynoscion guatucupa, Isopisthus parvipinnis and Porichthys porossisimus. Fish species were more important than cephalopod species in the diet of the marine tucuxi. Back calculations of prey sizes indicated that they feed mainly on young specimens. The present study provided additional information on the feeding habits of the marine tucuxi dolphin.

scholarly journals Notes on the diet of adult Yellow Catfish Aspistor luniscutis (Pisces: Siluriformes) in northern Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 13920-13924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Maria Thereza Manhães Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Yellow Catfish ◽  
Stomach Contents Analysis ◽  
Penaeid Shrimps ◽  
Brachyuran Crabs ◽  
Sciaenid Fish ◽  
Janeiro State

Diet of adult specimens of Yellow Catfish Aspistor luniscutis (Valenciennes, 1840) was determined through stomach contents analysis.  The specimens were target of commercial gillnet fisheries in northern Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil.  In this region, A. luniscutis is a generalist benthophagous feeder, consuming most available prey species with crustaceans, especially penaeid shrimps, brachyuran crabs, and sciaenid fish dominating. 

scholarly journals Feeding habits and behaviour of Bagre bagre and Genidens barbus, two ariid catfishes (Pisces: Siluriformes) from southeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 10771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Thereza Manhães Tavares ◽  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri

The feeding habits and behaviour of adult specimens of Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) and Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803), both targets of commercial fisheries in coastal southeastern Brazil, were evaluated through stomach content analysis.  These catfish are generalistic benthophagous feeders and daytime consumers, and the analysis points to fish and crustaceans as their primary prey.  The fish Trichiurus lepturus and the shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri were the main prey species, indicating that both catfish species prey upon the most abundant resources available in the study area.

scholarly journals Mercury bioaccumulation and isotopic relation between Trichiurus lepturus (Teleostei) and its preferred prey in coastal waters of southeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANESSA T. BITTAR ◽  
CARLOS E. REZENDE ◽  
HELENA A. KEHRIG ◽  
ANA PAULA M. DI BENEDITTO
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri ◽  
Isotopic Relation

The trophic transfer of total mercury (THg) and its bioaccumulation from prey species to the predator fish Trichiurus lepturus was analysed in coastal waters of southeastern Brazil to evaluate the trace element dynamic in this predator-prey system. The isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) relation between this predator and its prey allowed inferences on prey assimilation and predator feeding habits. The THg increment varied from 4.5 to 19.5 times between prey and predator, with a biomagnification power of 0.59. The prey species could be divided into three groups regarding δ15N values: i) 13.6 to 13.2‰ (juvenile conspecifics, Pellona harroweri, and Peprilus paru); ii) 12.5 to 11.8‰ (Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Lycengraulis grossidens, and Dorytheuthis plei); and iii) 10.5‰ (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri). Based on δ13C values, the prey groups were: i) -15.3‰ (X. kroyeri); ii) -17.6 to -16.8‰ (C. bleekerianus, D. plei, P. harroweri, P. paru, and juvenile conspecifics); and iii) -18.7‰ (L. grossidens). The values of THg and δ15N highlighted juvenile conspecifics as the main via of this trace element and the most assimilated prey. The isotopic relation between predator and its prey species showed a feeding activity preferably coastal and pelagic.

scholarly journals Prey consumed by Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea, Delphinidae) and franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea, Pontoporiidae) in an estuarine environment in southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta J. Cremer ◽  
Pedro C. Pinheiro ◽  
Paulo C. Simões-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽  
Lolliguncula Brevis

The present study provides information about the diet of sympatric populations of small cetaceans in the Babitonga Bay estuary. This is the first study on the diet of these species in direct sympatry. The stomach contents of seven Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis and eight franciscanas Pontoporia blainvillei were analyzed. The prey of both cetaceans was mostly teleost fishes, followed by cephalopods. We identified 13 teleost fishes as part of the diet of the franciscanas, and 20 as part of the diet of Guiana dolphins. Lolliguncula brevis was the only cephalopod recorded, and was the most important prey for both cetaceans. Stellifer rastrifer and Gobionellus oceanicus were also important for franciscana, so as Mugil curema and Micropogonias furnieri were important for Guiana dolphins. Stellifer rastrifer and Cetengraulis edentulus were the fishes with the highest frequency of occurrence for franciscana (50%), while Achirus lineatus, C. edentulus, S. brasiliensis, Cynoscion leiarchus, M. furnieri, M. curema, Diapterus rhombeus, Eugerres brasilianus and G. oceanicus showed 28.6% of frequency of occurrence for Guiana dolphins. Franciscanas captured greater cephalopods than the Guiana dolphins in both total length (z= -3.38; n= 40; p< 0.05) and biomass (z = -2.46; n = 40; p<0.05). All of the prey species identified occur inside the estuary, which represents a safe habitat against predators and food availability, reinforcing the importance of the Babitonga Bay for these cetacean populations.

Intrapopulation variation in the diet of franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) off southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Manuela Bassoi ◽  
Eduardo R. Secchi ◽  
Daniel Danilewicz ◽  
Ignacio B. Moreno ◽  
Roberta A. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽  
Franciscana Dolphin

Abstract The franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) is a coastal dolphin endemic to the western South Atlantic Ocean. The dolphin is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List, with incidental catches in gillnet fisheries the greatest conservation concern for this species. Insights into the feeding habits of this dolphin are essential to understand its distribution, movements and use of habitat, which are fundamental for effective management of the species. The feeding habits of franciscana dolphins were investigated from analyses of stomach contents of animals incidentally caught by two fishing operations from southern and northern regions of the southern Brazilian coast. In this study we investigate the existence of intrapopulation (sexual maturity and sex-related) variation in the diet of the franciscana dolphin, evaluating the spatial (northern and southern geographic areas) and seasonal influences. The analyses were based on Linear and Generalized Linear Models (LM and GLM). The majority of identified prey species were bottom-dwelling teleosts and the squid Doryteuthis sanpaulensis. The most important prey differed spatially and seasonally between northern and southern regions of the study area, and our results revealed significant differences between sexes and sexual maturity stages, mainly related to prey species sizes. This variation might indicate differences in prey selection, availability or habitat use patterns among these groups. In any case, these dietary differences are likely to minimize intraspecific competition for food resources, and/or indicate spatio-temporal variation in prey availability.

scholarly journals Finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) in the East China Sea: insights into feeding habits using morphological, molecular, and stable isotopic techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1628-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyao Chen ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Thomas A. Jefferson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East China Sea ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Short And Long Term

Describing feeding habits of cetaceans is crucial to understanding their feeding strategies and conservation status. Here, both morphological and molecular techniques were employed to identify the stomach contents of 122 finless porpoises (Neophocaena spp.) in the East China Sea for insight into their short-term feeding habits, and stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N were used to analyze prey resource use and trophic position as a manifestation of their long-term feeding habits. In total, 33 prey species consisting of 19 teleosts, seven crustaceans, five cephalopods, and two gastropods were identified. In both short- and long-term analyses, teleosts represented primary prey, cephalopods and crustaceans were secondary prey, and gastropods were occasional prey; but the primary prey species composition differs between the short- and long-term diets. The composition of stomach contents showed sexual and age-related variation. This finding is supported by stable isotopic analyses, which indicated the separation of trophic position of adult males, adult females, and young males. In general, finless porpoises prey on species that are primarily caught by fisheries.

scholarly journals Subcellular Cadmium, Lead and Mercury Compartmentalization in Guiana Dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) From Southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis ◽  
Lívia Figueiredo ◽  
Leila Lemos ◽  
Jailson Fulgêncio de Moura ◽  
Rafael C. C. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Subcellular Compartmentalization ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Guiana Dolphin

Marine mammals are considered excellent ocean health sentinels and are ubiquitously exposed to chemical contaminants worldwide. The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) is a near-threatened dolphin species from Brazil with unknown population size data. This indicates the need for assessments regarding deleterious effects that may arise from exposure to chemical contamination, especially metals. After entry in the organism, these compounds are subject to internal subcellular compartmentalization, which in turn alters their bioavailability. However, almost no assessments regarding subcellular metal contents in marine mammals are available. In this context, metal compartmentalization was determined in three subcellular fractions for three toxic elements, Cd, Hg and Pb, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in Guiana dolphin kidney and liver samples from Southeastern Brazil. Differential metal-detoxification mechanisms were observed for the three elements, where metallothionein (MT) detoxification was postulated for only for Pb, while Cd and Hg were poorly associated to MT, and mostly present in the insoluble fraction, indicating low bioavailability. This is the first report on subcellular metal compartmentalization in Guiana dolphins and indicates that critical biochemical detoxification data is obtained through subcellular fraction analyses in marine mammals. This indicates an emerging study field for this type of assessment, which may, in turn, aid in conservation efforts.

Feeding of tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae) in the north-east Mediterranean

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Stagioni ◽  
Stefano Montanini ◽  
Maria Vallisneri
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Prey

The stomach contents of 1096 specimens of Chelidonichthys lucerna were examined in order to analyse their diet composition according to fish size, sex, depth and season. Sampling was carried out from May 2005 to March 2007 during several bottom trawl surveys in the Adriatic Sea (north-east Mediterranean). Feeding activity was more intense in juveniles than in adults. The most important prey was Crustacea (mainly Decapoda: Brachyura, such as Goneplax rhomboides, Liocarcinus spp., Philocheras spp.) and Teleostei (mainly European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and black goby Gobius niger). There was no difference between male and female diet. Feeding habits varied with size, with fish dominating the stomach contents of larger specimens. Finally, fish increased in winter and crustaceans in summer. Chelidonichthys lucerna shows a generalist and opportunistic foraging behaviour, preying mainly epibenthic and nectobenthic organisms.

scholarly journals Natural diet and feeding habits of a freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium carcinus: Crustacea, Decapoda) in the estuary of the Amazon River

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jô de Farias Lima ◽  
Jamile da Silva Garcia ◽  
Thibério Carvalho da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Stomach Analysis

Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. However, there is little information about the natural diet and feeding habits of this species. The aim of this study was the identification of the diet items of M. carcinus based on the analysis of the stomach contents. Specimens were collected in the Amazon River estuary between January 2009 and January 2010. The stomach analysis was carried out by using the frequency of occurrence (FO), methods of points (MP) and feeding index (FI). It was observed that prawns fed on detritus, animals and plant fragments as the most important food items. Sediment accounted for the main stomach content, accounting for 43.2% by the MP, 44.9% by FI and 100% by the FO. Sexual differences in feeding preferences were not found in this study, and seasonal differences in the frequency of items ingested by M. carcinus were not observed. The results indicated that M. carcinus can be considered omnivorous species, but with an important carnivorous component, similar to that found in other Macrobrachium species.

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