scholarly journals Butterflies associated with major forest types in Arunachal Pradesh (eastern Himalaya), India: implications for ecotourism and conservation planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 10047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Number Of Species

A three year study (from December 2011 to December 2014 and in June 2015) on butterflies covering four major forest sub-types as classified by H.G. Champion & S.K. Seth in 1968 in ‘Forest Types of India’, which occupy 60% of the forest area lying below 2,500m across Arunachal Pradesh State in the eastern Himalaya of India, revealed 415 taxa belonging to six families (Hesperiidae: 74 species of 42 genera; Papilionidae: 37 species of 10 genera; Pieridae: 36 species of 15 genera; Lycaenidae: 85 species of 49 genera; Riodinidae: 7 species of 3 genera & Nymphalidae: 176 species of 71 genera, respectively).  These included many endemic and rare species typical of these forest sub-types, i.e., (i) 2B/1S1 Sub-Himalayan Light Alluvial Semi-Evergreen Forest (32 species), (ii) 2B/ C1(a) Assam Alluvial Plains Semi-Evergreen Forests (5 species), (iii) 2B/2S2 Eastern Alluvial Secondary Semi-Evergreen Forests- (15 species) and (iv) 3/1S2 (b) Terminalia-Duabanga (3 species), respectively.  The relative number of species and individuals sampled were the highest at altitudes below 500m, and gradually declined as the altitude increased to 2,000m, and above 2,500m species richness declined sharply.  The number of species and their relative abundance were the highest during July–August (Monsoon-first peak) and then again in November-December (Autumn-second peak), while the numbers were lowest during winter.  These findings suggest that these four forest types are important both for the purpose of ecotourism as well as conservation of endemic and rare taxa found in the eastern Himalaya and northeastern India at altitudes below 2,000m.  A complete list of all the taxa sampled is given along with relative abundance status during sampling, Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 status, and distribution in different forest types in the state.  Ten potential butterfly ecotourism zones are suggested for the state.  Planning land-use for biodiversity conservation based on butterfly-forest type associations, by taking forest sub-types as units of conservation, is suggested as an option for the eastern Himalaya.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of microlichens in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya, India

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpi Singh ◽  
Krishna Pal Singh ◽  
Ajay Ballabh Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
The Himalaya

The paper reports the occurrence of 404 species of microlichens belonging to 105 genera and 39 families known so far, from the state of Arunachal Pradesh, a part of the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot. Twelve species, namely Arthopyrenia saxicola, Arthothelium subbessale, Diorygma macgregorii, D. pachygraphum, Graphis nuda, G. oligospora, G. paraserpens, G. renschiana, Herpothallon japonicum, Megalospora atrorubricans, Porina tijucana and Rhabdodiscus crassus, are new distributional records for India. Astrothelium meghalayense (Makhija & Patw.) Pushpi Singh & Kr. P. Singh and Astrothelium subnitidiusculum (Makhija & Patw.) Pushpi Singh & Kr. P. Singh are proposed as new combinations and 66 species marked by an asterisk (*) are new distributional records for the state.

scholarly journals Using birds to set conservation priorities for Pantanal wetland forests, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO BATISTA DE PINHO ◽  
MIGUEL ÂNGELO MARINI
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Bird Richness

SummaryThe Pantanal of Brazil, one of the largest wetlands in the world, is suffering severe threats, such as forest and grassland clearance on the surrounding plateau, conversion of forests and savannas for cattle ranching and effects of large development projects. We used richness, abundance and composition of bird species in four forest types to propose conservation priorities for the northern Pantanal. Birds from 11 sites (a total of 41 points) were sampled through point counts and mist-netting. In total 215 species were recorded in the forests. Two evergreen forest types (cambarazal and landi) had higher estimates of bird richness and abundance than two dry forest types (carvoeiro and cordilheira). The evergreen forests also had more species exclusive to them and were more similar to each other than the dry forests. Selection of forests to be conserved in the northern Pantanal should give priority to evergreen forests and secondarily to dry forests. Cambarazal should be the first forests to be conserved. If the Pantanal inundation cycle is altered by the construction of hydroelectric dams or the Paraguay-Paraná waterway, cambarazal and landi may no longer become flooded, decreasing local species richness. Before our recommendations are considered for conservation and management decisions, more studies on other groups of organisms should also be taken into consideration, and similar studies should be conducted in other regions of the Pantanal. Conservation of Pantanal forest birds depends on a deeper understanding of their use of several habitats, stronger protection of the forests with higher diversity, and public policies that guarantee the long term maintenance of natural flooding cycles.

A new species and new record of the genus Platybaetis Müller-Liebenau, 1980 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Eastern Himalaya, India

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5047 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-582
Author(s):  
T. KUBENDRAN ◽  
M. VASANTH ◽  
K. A. SUBRAMANIAN ◽  
FATIMA JABEEN ◽  
K. G. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
New Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Platybaetis viz., P. selvai sp. nov. is described herein based on larval collections from Tangon stream in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in Eastern region of Indian Himalaya. It can be differentiated by the following combination of characters: (i) posterior margin of abdominal segments I–X with rounded ‘U’ shaped spines; (ii) anterolateral margin of gills I–VII with minute setae; (iii) claw with 7–8 denticles; (iv) paracercus composed of 10–11 segments; (v) hindwing pads reduced, small. Brief ecological notes are appended.  

scholarly journals Phenology of Leaf Flushing, Flower Initiation and Fruit Maturation in Dry Deciduous and Evergreen Forests of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, Southern India

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nanda ◽  
H.M. Prakasha ◽  
Y.L. Krishna Murthy ◽  
H.S. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary

Varying with altitude and rainfall of two forest types of tropical forest were studied. Community wide pattern in both vegetative and reproductive phenophases among various tree species of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka is reported here. Leaf initiation peaks in the month of April in dry forest, after leaf less period of 1-2 months, in evergreen forest leaf initiation peaks in the month of January simultaneously with leaf senescence. Flower initiation begins from January till June with a peak in April in dry forest. Evergreen forest starts from November to march with a peak in January and February. Fruit maturation in dry forest starts from March to December with a peak in August and November, in evergreen forest from January to July with a peak in April.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5738

scholarly journals Growth and Needle Properties of Young Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. Trees across an Elevational Gradient

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Fan ◽  
W. Moser ◽  
Yanxia Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
P Content

A better understanding of the response of plant growth to elevational gradients may shed light on how plants respond to environmental variation and on the physiological mechanisms underlying these responses. This study analyzed whole plant growth and physiological and morphological properties of needles in young Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. trees at thirteen points along an elevational gradient ranging from 750 to 1350 m above sea level (a.s.l.) at the end of a growing season on Changbai Mountain in northeastern China. Sampling and analyses indicated the following; (1) many needle properties of P. koraiensis varied with forest type along the elevational gradient though some needle properties (e.g., intrinsic water use efficiency, concentration of chlorophyll, and leaf mass per area) did not change with elevation and forest types; (2) growth was significantly influenced by both forest type and elevation and growth of saplings in P. koraiensis and mixed broadleaved forests was greater than that in evergreen forests and increased with elevation in both forest types; (3) in P. koraiensis and mixed broadleaved forests, there were significant correlations between growth properties and light saturation point, leaf water potential, mean within-crown humidity, annual precipitation, cumulative temperature (≥5 ∘ C), within-crown air temperature, and atmospheric pressure; while in evergreen forests, the leaf C, leaf P content, net rate of light saturation in photosynthesis, water content of soil, within-crown humidity, annual precipitation, cumulative temperature (≥5 ∘ C), within-crown air temperature, and total soil P content displayed a significant relationship with plant growth. These results may help illuminate how P. koraiensis responds to environmental variation and evaluate the adaptive potential of Pinus koraiensis to climate change. Data presented here could also contribute to the more accurate estimation of carbon stocks in this area and to refinement of a plant trait database.

Occurrence and distribution of fungal endophytes in tropical forests across a rainfall gradient

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S Suryanarayanan ◽  
T S Murali ◽  
G Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Western Ghats

Fungal endophytes occur in leaves of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees. The occurrence and distribution of fungal endophytes in the leaves of trees growing in four different types of tropical forests in the Western Ghats were studied. One thousand five hundred leaf segments from five different hosts were screened for each forest type. Endophyte communities of trees of the semi-evergreen forest showed the highest species diversity. More endophyte isolates were recovered during the wet season. Although several genera of endophytes were common for different hosts growing in different forests, the dominant endophyte was different for different forest types. Our results suggest that although tropical trees individually may be endophyte rich, the overall endophyte diversity of the entire plant community is not exceptional.Key words: tropical forests, fungal endophytes, fungal diversity, foliar endophytes.

scholarly journals Aborichthys barapensis, a new species of river loach (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, the eastern Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 18800-18808
Author(s):  
P. Nanda ◽  
Lakpa Tamang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
A New Species

A new species of nemachilid loach Aborichthys barapensis, is described based on two adult specimens (91 and 97 mm SL) from the Barap Stream (a tributary of the Brahmaputra River basin) in the southeastern most part of the state of Arunachal Pradesh bordering Myanmar. The new species is distinguished from its congeners in having a narrow black basicaudal bar without a black ocellus on the upper end (vs. present); and in having a very low dorsal and ventral adipose crests (vs. prominent; absent in A. waikhomi). The new species is further distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: body with 24–26 oblique bars along the flank; interspace narrower than bars on body; moderately rounded caudal fin with five distinct black to brown cross bars; vent closer to the caudal-fin base (44.1–45.1 % standard length) than to snout tip.

scholarly journals Status of studies on zooplankton fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 12552-12560
Author(s):  
Bikramjit Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Major Shareholder

This paper gives a brief review of the studies on zooplankton fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, the major shareholder of the eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot.  Altogether, 66 species of zooplankton (45 Rotifera, 20 Cladocera, & one Copepoda) have been recorded along with their distribution in the state, wherever available.  It is apparent that there is a lack of serious taxonomic studies on all three major groups of zooplankton from this Himalayan state.  The urgency and importance of documenting the zooplankton fauna of this biogeographically unique and biodiversity-rich state is highlighted in view of the fragility of the ecosystem as well as the effect of climate change. 

scholarly journals Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Kameng Protected Area Complex, western Arunachal Pradesh, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 9053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sondhi ◽  
Krushnamegh Kunte
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Annotated Checklist

The butterflies of the Kameng Protected Area Complex in western Arunachal Pradesh, India, covering the protected areas of Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Pakke Tiger Reserve and Sessa Orchid Wildlife Sanctuary were surveyed over a 5-year period (2009–2014).  A total of 421 butterfly species were recorded during the survey, including two species new to India (Gonepteryx amintha thibetana and Bhutanitis ludlowi) and several species rediscoveries and range extensions in the Eastern Himalaya, most notably Arhopala belphoebe, Sovia separata magna, Aulocera saraswati vishnu, Calinaga aborica, Callerebia annada annada, and Callerebria scanda opima.  Here we provide an annotated checklist of butterflies of the Kameng Protected Area Complex, including historical records, distributions, abundance, habitats and other notes on these 421 species. An additional 42 species recorded in older literature or by other authors in recent times are also listed, taking the total number of species recorded in the landscape to 463.  

scholarly journals Angiosperms, tropical dry evergreen forests of southern Coromandel coast, India

Check List ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthulingam Udayakumar ◽  
Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Dry Evergreen Forest ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest ◽  
Coromandel Coast

We provide a check list of angiosperm plant species with their bioresource potential as medicinal plants enumerated from a total of seventy-five tropical dry evergreen forest sites along the Coromandel coast of peninsular India. These are poorly known sites even within Indian sub-continent and form an under-studied forest type. Tropical dry evergreen forests harbour 312 species belonging to 251 genera and 80 families. The families with the greatest numbers of species were Euphorbiaceae (20 species), Apocynaceae (18 species), Rubiaceae (15), Fabaceae (12), Mimosaceae (11) and Capparaceae and Asteraceae (10 each). Physiognomically evergreen species dominated the forest. Plant specimens are identified and confirmed using regional floras. These forests are conserved by the local people on religious ground as sacred groves, although they are also subjected to various levels of anthropogenic impacts.

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