scholarly journals Camera-trapping survey to assess diversity, distribution and photographic capture rate of terrestrial mammals in the aftermath of the ethnopolitical conflict in Manas National Park, Assam, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 12008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Lahkar ◽  
M. Firoz Ahmed ◽  
Ramie H. Begum ◽  
Sunit Kumar Das ◽  
Bibhuti Prasad Lahkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Capture Rates

 Information on the presence and distribution of species is crucial for conservation planning and management within a region.  Documentation of species assemblages in Manas National Park (MNP) in the aftermath of conflict is critical for informed conservation interventions.  For nearly two decades (1990–2010), conservation efforts in MNP were compromised by ethno−political conflict.  We conducted camera trapping surveys of terrestrial mammals across three administrative forest ranges (Panbari, Bansbari and Bhuyanpara) of MNP in 2017.  A systematic survey with 118 trap locations accumulated data over 6,173 trap-days.  We obtained 21,926 photographs of mammals belonging to 13 families and 25 species, of which 13 are threatened.  We calculated photographic capture rate index (PCRI) using independent events.  Trap specific PCRI’s were used to map the spatial variation in capture rates.  We observed variation in capture rate between Bansbari-Bhuyanpara where conflict ended in 2003 and has remained peaceful, and Panbari, a forest range where conflict ended later in 2016.  Our results further indicate lower capture rates of mammalian prey species and small felids, but higher capture rates of four large carnivores in Panbari as opposed to Bansbari-Bhuyanpara.  These results highlighted the fact that despite a history of ethno-political conflict in the region, although almost all mammalian species expected to occur in the park were detected and confirmed, present evidence indicated ethno-political conflict influences the distribution of several key species.  In depth studies assessing mammalian prey densities, distribution and density are required to further understand the effects of conflict. 

A comparison of the effectiveness of camera trapping and live trapping for sampling terrestrial small-mammal communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha De Bondi ◽  
John G. White ◽  
Mike Stevens ◽  
Raylene Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
The Cost

Context. There is an increasing reliance on the use of camera-trap technologies for surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals. Camera trapping may, however, also have significant applications for broad-scale surveys of small mammals. Aims. The present study aims to compare results from camera-trapping surveys to those of the more traditional live-trapping techniques. Specifically, it aims to test the effectiveness of the techniques for detecting species, and the cost effectiveness of both approaches. Methods. Surveys were conducted across 36 sites in the Grampians National Park, Victoria, Australia, between April and July 2009. At each site, independent surveys were conducted for small mammals by using a combination of Elliot and cage trapping, then camera trapping. Results for the two different approaches were compared for both their ability to generate small-mammal presence data and their cost effectiveness. Key results. Camera-trapping surveys of 36 sites in the Grampians National Park compared favourably with those of live-trapping surveys. Similar species were detected across the sites, and camera trapping was a considerably more cost effective than live trapping. Conclusions. Camera-trapping surveys of small terrestrial mammals may provide a new and cost-effective technique for surveying terrestrial small mammals. This is particularly the case when presence data are the main requirement of the survey, with no requirement to capture and tag animals. Implications. Given the cost-effective nature of camera trapping, there is potential to use this approach to increase the level of replication and spatial coverage of small-mammal surveys. Improving the replication and spatial coverage of studies has the potential to significantly increase the scope of research questions that can be asked, thus providing the potential to improve wildlife management.

scholarly journals Replacement of native by non-native animal communities assisted by human introduction and management on Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria L. Martin-Albarracin ◽  
Martin A. Nuñez ◽  
Guillermo C. Amico
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Small Bird ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Nahuel Huapi National Park

One of the possible consequences of biological invasions is the decrease of native species abundances or their replacement by non-native species. In Andean Patagonia, southern Argentina and Chile, many non-native animals have been introduced and are currently spreading. On Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park, many non-native vertebrates were introduced ca. 1937. Records indicate that several native vertebrates were present before these species were introduced. We hypothesize that seven decades after the introduction of non-native species and without appropriate management to maintain native diversity, non-native vertebrates have displaced native species (given the known invasiveness and impacts of some of the introduced species). We conducted direct censuses in linear transects 500 m long (n= 10) in parallel with camera-trapping (1,253 camera-days) surveys in two regions of the island with different levels of disturbance: high (n= 4) and low (n= 6) to study the community of terrestrial mammals and birds and the relative abundances of native and non-native species. Results show that currently non-native species are dominant across all environments; 60.4% of census records and 99.7% of camera trapping records are of non-native animals. We detected no native large mammals; the assemblage of large vertebrates consisted of five non-native mammals and one non-native bird. Native species detected were one small mammal and one small bird. Species with the highest trapping rate were red and fallow deer, wild boar, silver pheasant (all four species are non-native) and chucao (a native bird). These results suggest that native species are being displaced by non-natives and are currently in very low numbers.

scholarly journals Replacement of native by non-native animal communities assisted by human introduction and management on Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria L Martin-Albarracin ◽  
Martin A Nuñez ◽  
Guillermo C Amico
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Small Bird ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Nahuel Huapi National Park

One of the possible consequences of biological invasions is the decrease of native species abundances or their replacement by non-native species. In Andean Patagonia, southern Argentina and Chile, many non-native animals have been introduced and are currently spreading. On Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park, many non-native vertebrates were introduced ca. 1937. Records indicate that several native vertebrates were present before these species were introduced. We hypothesize that seven decades after the introduction of non-native species and without appropriate management to maintain native diversity, non-native vertebrates have displaced native species -given the known invasiveness and impacts of some of the introduced species-. We conducted direct censuses in linear transects 500m long (n=10) in parallel with camera-trapping (1253 camera-days) surveys in two regions of the island with different levels of disturbance: high (n=4) and low (n= 6) to study the community of terrestrial mammals and birds and the relative abundances of native and non-native species. Results show that currently non-native species are dominant across all environments; 60.4% of census records and 99.7% of camera trapping records are of non-native animals. We detected no native large mammals; the assemblage of large vertebrates consisted of five non-native mammals and one non-native bird. Native species detected were one small mammal and one small bird. Species with a highest trapping rate were red and fallow deer, wild boar, silver pheasant (the four species non-native) and chucao (a native bird). These results suggest that native species are being displaced by non-natives and are currently in very low numbers.

scholarly journals Replacement of native by non-native animal communities assisted by human introduction and management on Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria L Martin-Albarracin ◽  
Martin A Nuñez ◽  
Guillermo C Amico
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Small Bird ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Nahuel Huapi National Park

One of the possible consequences of biological invasions is the decrease of native species abundances or their replacement by non-native species. In Andean Patagonia, southern Argentina and Chile, many non-native animals have been introduced and are currently spreading. On Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park, many non-native vertebrates were introduced ca. 1937. Records indicate that several native vertebrates were present before these species were introduced. We hypothesize that seven decades after the introduction of non-native species and without appropriate management to maintain native diversity, non-native vertebrates have displaced native species -given the known invasiveness and impacts of some of the introduced species-. We conducted direct censuses in linear transects 500m long (n=10) in parallel with camera-trapping (1253 camera-days) surveys in two regions of the island with different levels of disturbance: high (n=4) and low (n= 6) to study the community of terrestrial mammals and birds and the relative abundances of native and non-native species. Results show that currently non-native species are dominant across all environments; 60.4% of census records and 99.7% of camera trapping records are of non-native animals. We detected no native large mammals; the assemblage of large vertebrates consisted of five non-native mammals and one non-native bird. Native species detected were one small mammal and one small bird. Species with a highest trapping rate were red and fallow deer, wild boar, silver pheasant (the four species non-native) and chucao (a native bird). These results suggest that native species are being displaced by non-natives and are currently in very low numbers.

scholarly journals The diversity of large- and medium-sized terrestrial mammals and birds in the Giant Panda National Park: A meta-analysis based on camera-trapping data

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1504
Author(s):  
Jia Tian ◽  
Shuyi Zhu ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Liwen He ◽  
Xiaodong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Giant Panda ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals

Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus Bennett, 1833 (Carnivora: Felidae) distribution and habitat characteristics in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 12451-12458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Mishra ◽  
Khadga Basnet ◽  
Rajan Amin ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Threaten Species

The Fishing Cat is a highly specialized and threatened felid, and its status is poorly known in the Terai region of Nepal.  Systematic camera-trap surveys, comprising 868 camera-trap days in four survey blocks of 40km2 in Rapti, Reu and Narayani river floodplains of Chitwan National Park, were used to determine the distribution and habitat characteristics of this species.  A total of 19 photographs of five individual cats were recorded at three locations in six independent events.  Eleven camera-trap records obtained during surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2013 were used to map the species distribution inside Chitwan National Park and its buffer zone.  Habitat characteristics were described at six locations where cats were photographed.  The majority of records were obtained in tall grassland surrounding oxbow lakes and riverbanks.  Wetland shrinkage, prey (fish) depletion in natural wetlands and persecution threaten species persistence.  Wetland restoration, reducing human pressure and increasing fish densities in the wetlands, provision of compensation for loss from Fishing Cats and awareness programs should be conducted to ensure their survival.  We also recommend studying genetic diversity of sub-populations, as well as habitat use by radio-tagging. 

scholarly journals Occurrence of jaguar (Panthera onca) in the Chinantla region, southern Mexico

Caldasia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
José Rogelio Prisciliano-Vázquez ◽  
Elena Galindo-Aguilar ◽  
Mario César Lavariega ◽  
María Delfina Luna-Krauletz ◽  
Mayra Karen Espinoza-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Habitat Suitability Models ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Considerable Range

The jaguar (Panthera onca) has been experiencing a considerable range reduction due to habitat loss and poaching. Habitat suitability models have identified areas likely to maintain populations, but field data are scarce for several of them. Between 2012 and 2017, we investigated the jaguar occurrence in 35 communities of the Chinantla region, southern Mexico, throughout camera trapping in non-systematic surveys. We recorded 124 independent events of 23 jaguars in thirteen communities. Jaguars recorded over the years, couples and pregnant females are highlighted in the Chinantla region as a stronghold to the jaguar.

scholarly journals Ciliary chemosensitivity is enhanced by cilium geometry and motility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hickey ◽  
Andrej Vilfan ◽  
Ramin Golestanian
Keyword(s):  
Shear Flow ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Advection Diffusion ◽  
Beating Frequency ◽  
Sensory Functions ◽  
Capture Rates ◽  
Quiescent Fluid

Cilia are hairlike organelles involved in both sensory functions and motility. We discuss the question of whether the location of chemical receptors on cilia provides an advantage in terms of sensitivity. Using a simple advection-diffusion model, we compute the capture rates of diffusive molecules on a cilium. Because of its geometry, a non-motile cilium in a quiescent fluid has a capture rate equivalent to a circular absorbing region with ~ 4× its surface area. When the cilium is exposed to an external shear flow, the equivalent surface area increases to ~ 10×. Alternatively, if the cilium beats in a non-reciprocal way, its capture rate increases with the beating frequency to the power of 1/3. Altogether, our results show that the protruding geometry of a cilium could be one of the reasons why so many receptors are located on cilia. They also point to the advantage of combining motility with chemical reception.

scholarly journals Relative abundance and activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in Pacuare Nature Reserve, Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Stephanny Arroyo-Arce ◽  
Ian Thomson ◽  
Carlos Fernandez ◽  
Roberto Salom-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Central American ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
History Of

Located in Costa Rica, Pacuare Nature Reserve has a long established history of wildlife monitoring programs primarily focused on species of nesting marine turtles and the Agami herons (Agamia agami) found within the reserve. Our research represents the first as­sessment on the local terrestrial mammal populations. Data was col­lected by using seven camera trap stations distributed within the boundaries of the reserve. From April 2015 to March 2016, and after a total of 1 643 camera trap nights, we were able to identify 11 terres­trial mammalian species distributed in six orders and nine families. The most abundant species was the common opossum (Didelphis marsu­pialis), followed by the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). A noticeably ab­sent species, otherwise common throughout the area, was the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata). Our results are similar to those from other protected areas in the Northeastern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.

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