An appraisal of avian species diversity in and around Purulia Town, West Bengal, India

Purulia, the westernmost district of West Bengal, India is least explored with respect to the biological diversity and relatively little information is available to date. The present study was conducted from February 2017 to January 2018 to document avifaunal diversity in Purulia Town and surroundings. Sampling was done through the line transect method with photographic documentation and subsequent identification following suitable keys. Species richness and seasonal abundance were calculated. Altogether, 115 species of birds belonging to 19 orders and 43 families were recorded during the study period. Passeriformes was the most dominant order represented by 46 species during the study. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) value was highest for January (1.564). A large number of migratory birds visit Purulia every year mostly during winter and it is reflected in the present study. Diverse foraging habit among the birds was observed during the study period and omnivorous birds (29%) were found in highest number followed by invertivores (26%), carnivores (25%), granivores (8%), herbivores (7%), frugivores (3%), and nectarivores (2%). The present study is a preliminary effort to document the avifaunal diversity of Purulia and a more extensive systematic study should be carried out to investigate and protect the avifaunal diversity of this region.

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Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Belalang dan Kerabatnya (Orthoptera) pada Dua Ekosistem Pegunungan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak

Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia ◽

10.5994/jei.7.2.100 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

NETY VIRGO ERAWATI ◽

SIH KAHONO

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

National Park ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Line Transect ◽

Light Traps ◽

Set Up ◽

Sweep Net

A study on diversity and abundance of grasshopper and its relatives (Orthoptera) was conducted at two mountainous rainforest ecosystems (Mounts Kendeng and Botol) of Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. A hundred meters of a line transect was used to sample and set up several insect traps (yellow pan, malaise, pit fall, bait pit fall, sweep net, and light traps), and insect sweepings as well. The light traps were set up at about fifty meters distance from the end of the sampling sites. A total individual collected by traps was combined on every comparable sampling site. Total individuals of the Orthoptera captured were 414; consisted of 25 species of 9 families. Both species diversity and number of families were higher at Mount Kendeng rather than Mount Botol. Number of species of each family usually similar except on family of Grillidae was much higher at Mount Kendeng. Species belong to Phasmidae was not recorded at Mount Kendeng, while species belong to both families of Gryllotalpidae and Tettigonidae were not captured at Mount Botol as well. Overal there was a difference in the species richness at each between. Shannon Diversity Index (H’) and evenness (E) were higher at Mount Kendeng (2.44 and 0.81) rather than Mount Botol (1.80 and 0.66). Similarity Index of Jaccard (Cj) and Sorenson (Cn) of both localities were similar (0.40 and 0.32). Herbivores were most dominant at both localities (Phasmidae, Tetrigidae, Acrididae, Gryllidae, dan Gryllotalpidae), followed by omnivores (Blattidae), scavenger (Gryllacrididae), and predator (Mantidae).

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Retaining the double dimension of species diversity: Application of partially ordered set theory and Hasse diagrams

10.7287/peerj.preprints.474 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Kampichler ◽

Ralf Wieland

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Partial Order ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Order Theory ◽

Partial Ordering ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Partially Ordered ◽

Hasse Diagrams

The measurement of species diversity has been a central task of community ecology from the mid 20th century onward. The conventional method of designing a diversity index is to combine values for species richness and assemblage evenness into a single composite score. The literature abounds with such indices. Each index weights richness and evenness in a different fashion. The conventional approach has repeatedly been criticized since there is an infinite number of potential indices which have a minimum value when S (species richness) = 1 and a maximum value when S = N (number of individuals). We argue that partial order theory is a sound mathematical fundament and demonstrate that it is an attractive alternative for comparing and ranking biological diversity without the necessity of combining values for species richness and evenness into an ambiguous diversity index. The general principle of partial ordering is simple: one particular assemblage is regarded as more diverse than another when both its species richness and its evenness are higher. Assemblages are not comparable with each other when one has a higher value for species richness and a lower value for evenness. Hasse diagrams can graphically represent partially ordered communities. Linear extensions and rank-frequency distributions reveal the potential of partial order theory as a means to support decisions when assemblage ranking is desired.

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Species Diversity and Abundance of Birds along Boat Touring Routes for Ecotourism in Tha-kha Sub-District, Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2221389 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (22) ◽

pp. 1389

Author(s):

Nitinarth Charoenpokaraj ◽

Petchpanom Chitman

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Bird Species ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Research Area ◽

Line Transect ◽

Bird Abundance ◽

Migratory Season ◽

Local Ecosystem

Tha-kha Floating Market is a famous tourist attraction in Tha Kha sub-district, Amphawa district, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand. There are Thai paddle-boats for tourists to get close to nature and local people lifestyle along the canals. The objectives of this research were (1) to study species diversity, feeding behavior and status of birds in the research area. (2) to analyze abundance and similarity of birds in the research area. The data was carried out by field survey of species of birds and their behaviors sighted directly and from their calls by using line transect method then classify species, feeding behavior and status of birds, analyze their abundance and similarity in three routes. Three boat touring routes were surveyed; route 1 (Tha Kha floating market—homestay), route 2 (Tha Kha floating market—Thai traditional sugar making kiln), and route 3 (Thai traditional sugar making kiln—resort). The survey was conducted in the morning from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. and in the afternoon from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. One survey was made each month from April 2017–March 2018. The result of this research found that there were 15 orders, 37 families and 74 species of birds. The highest number of bird species in 3 routes was 49 species in December and 47 species in November accordingly because it was migratory season of migratory birds in the research area. According to bird feeding behavior, the maximum insectivorous bird species of 35 were found in 3 routes. According to status of birds, 52 resident birds, 9 migratory birds, 13 resident and migratory birds were found in 3 routes. According to bird abundance, 21 bird species were in level 5, 7 bird species in level 4, 20 bird species in level 3, 9 bird species in level 2 and 17 bird species in level 1. According to bird similarity index, the similarity index between route 1 and route 3 was 0.814. The community also organized eco-touring activities by using Thai paddle-boats. So the birds are as indicators of natural balance of local ecosystem.

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Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Grassland and Cultivated Land Species in Upper Manang, Nepal Trans-Himalayas

Scientific World ◽

10.3126/sw.v7i7.3831 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 76-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kuber Prasad Bhatta ◽

Ram Prasad Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Elevation Gradient ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Species Level ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Angiosperm Species

One of the easiest and the most common way to estimate the biological diversity at a place is to enumerate the organisms at species level, which helps to find the basic patterns of biodiversity at the place. A sound knowledge on floristic composition of particular area is essential to understand the resources, their sustainable use and conservation purposes. Altogether 600 specimens were collected from the Upper Manang area covering an elevation gradient of 2600m to 5200m from sea level, and of which 220 species belonging to 138 genera and 50 families were identified up to species level and used to estimate species richness. Of the total identified species, greatest diversity was found within the families Compositae and Labiatae, comprising 14 and 11 genera, respectively. Similarly, the greatest species diversity was found within the genera Potentilla (12 species) and Primula (6 species). Second order polynomial regression showed unimodal pattern of species richness along elevation gradient, showing greatest species richness between 3500m to 4000m altitude, whereas no any angiosperm species was encountered beyond 5100m. Key words: Species diversity; Grassland; Cultivated land; Manang. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3831 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.76-79

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Retaining the double dimension of species diversity: Application of partially ordered set theory and Hasse diagrams

10.7287/peerj.preprints.474v1 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Kampichler ◽

Ralf Wieland

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Partial Order ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Order Theory ◽

Partial Ordering ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Partially Ordered ◽

Hasse Diagrams

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Effect of disturbance on plant species diversity in moist tropical forest of eastern Nepal

Our Nature ◽

10.3126/on.v16i1.21558 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tilak Prasad Gautam ◽

Tej Narayan Mandal

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Tropical Forest ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Diversity Pattern ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Key Factor ◽

Disturbed Forest ◽

The Stability

Species diversity is a key factor for the stability of ecosystems but the increasing disturbances in tropical forests resulted in the shrinkage of biological diversity. This study was conducted in undisturbed and disturbed stands of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) dominated moist tropical forest of Sunsari district, eastern Nepal in order to understand the herb, shrub and tree diversity. Present study reported the 47, 16 and 60 species of herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively. The species richness and the Shannon–Wiener index for tree species were higher in undisturbed forest (9.11 and 3.08, respectively), while the Simpson’s index (index of dominance) was higher in disturbed forest (0.11). On the other hand, reverse case was found for shrubs and herbs where species richness and Shannon–Wiener index were higher but index of dominance was lower in disturbed forest. Changes in species diversity pattern reflect the effect of disturbance.

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KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS-JENIS KEPITING DI SUBSTRAT MANGROVE PERAIRAN MERAS DAN MOLAS KECAMATAN BUNAKEN KOTA MANADO SULAWESI UTARA

JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jplt.9.2.2021.34951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Rivaldo A Wuisan ◽

Erly Kaligis

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Line Transect ◽

Abundance Index ◽

The Third ◽

Line Transect Method ◽

Number Of Individuals

Crab of the genus Uca is one type of crustacean that makes mangroves a habitat to carry out their life cycle in order to remain sustainable. The purpose of this research is to identify the first, the second is to calculate the abundance, species diversity, dominance, and the third is to know the state of the aquatic environment around pH, temperature, salinity and substrate. The method used is the cruising method and the quadratic line transect method. The method of roaming as far as 300 m. While the line transect method is carried out by drawing three transect lines along 28 m. The identification results in Meras waters found 6 species. Based on data analysis using the cruising method, the number of individuals in Meras waters is 383 individuals, while in Molas waters there are 210 individuals. Based on data analysis using the quadratic line transect method, the species abundance index in Meras waters is 6,767 ind/m2, while in Molas waters it is 4,533 ind/m2. The value of H' at two locations is moderate. The value of C in two locations is low. Keywords: Meras, Molas, Crabs, abundance, species diversity, dominance.

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Species Richness and Diversity of Resident and Migratory Landbirds in Remnant Forest Patches and Residential Areas in the Florida Keys, USA

International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.1155/2011/364213 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Martin B. Main ◽

Mary C. Christman ◽

Annisa Karim ◽

Mark Hostetler

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Forest Type ◽

Florida Keys ◽

Percent Cover ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Resident Species ◽

Species Of Conservation Concern ◽

Conservation Concern

Conservation of migratory birds necessitates protecting suitable stopover habitat along migratory routes as well as destination habitats, especially near large geographic barriers such as the Gulf of Mexico. The Florida Keys (Keys) are an important stopover and breeding destination for migratory landbirds. We documented 47 migratory and 21 resident landbird species via point counts during March–May 2004 and 2005. As a group, species richness, species diversity, and the effective number of species of migratory landbirds, including several species of conservation concern, was significantly and positively associated with percent cover of tropical hardwood hammock, a threatened upland forest type. The collective resident landbird community in the Keys was negatively associated with native hammock cover, although species diversity of the resident community was positively associated with the proximity of native hammock and several resident species, including species of conservation concern, were commonly or predominantly associated with native hammock. Consequently, conservation of native hammock habitat in the Keys is an important conservation priority for migratory birds and several resident species of conservation concern.

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Avifaunal diversity in relation to vegetation height and coverage in grasslands of Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve

Nepal Journal of Environmental Science ◽

10.3126/njes.v1i1.36546 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

S. Dhoubhadel

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Ecosystem Health ◽

Ecological Integrity ◽

Bird Species ◽

Line Transect ◽

Grassland Ecosystem ◽

Resident Species ◽

Vegetation Height ◽

Line Transect Method ◽

Wildlife Reserve

The grasslands of Nepal's Terai are extremely rich in bird species with several globally threatened species. These birds are often quite sensitive to changes in the habitat quality and microclimate around them making them ideal indicators of the grassland ecosystem health. Unfortunately, very little is known about the grassland avifauna. This study was conducted to determine the avifaunal composition and diversity with respect to the vegetation height and patch openness in the grasslands of Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve by using open width line transect method along fire-lines. The birds and the vegetation were recorded using BBIRD protocol and the species diversity was calculated. The Kruskal-Walli test for differences in median populations and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were also conducted. This study recorded 104 species birds belonging to 39 families among which 29 species were insectivorous, 17 herbivorous, 17 carnivorous and the rest omnivorous with 94 resident species and 10 summer visitor species. Covered patches of short grassland had highest number of species while covered patches of tall grasslands had the highest species diversity. The results from KruskallWallis test and CCA highlighted the need for the maintenance of ecological integrity of all the grassland habitat areas.

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Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-Spot’ Area in Southern Africa

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2013-0024 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

G. Kopij

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Line Transect ◽

Avian Diversity ◽

Population Densities ◽

Feeding Guild ◽

Spot Area ◽

High Species Diversity ◽

Line Transect Method ◽

Avian Assemblages

During the year 1999-2001, avian assemblages associated with cliffs and bushy vegetation of the Clarens Formation have been quantified by means of the line transect method (total length of transects - 107 km) in Lesotho lowlands. In total, 80 species resident in these habitats were recorded. Overall, six species were classified as dominants: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia senegalensis, Emberiza tahapisi, Emberiza capensis and Cisticola fulvicapilla. Together they comprised 41.4 % of all breeding pairs. Ten other species were classified as subdominants (33.9 %). Granivores were the most numerous feeding guild (31 species; 48.0 % of all pairs), followed by insectivores (27 species; 32.3 %) and frugivores (11 species; 17.4 %). The most numerous nesting guild were shrub/tree nesting birds (47.2 %). Proportions for some congereric species were calculated. The bushy vegetation is characterized by high species diversity and relatively high population densities of some species.

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