Seasonal Dynamics of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the Southwestern Florida Everglades, 2016, 2017

Mosquitoes were collected for 12 consecutive months beginning June 2016, from 11 locations in the Florida Everglades, Collier County, and tested for viruses by isolation in Vero cells and subsequent identification. One species complex and 31 species of mosquitoes were identified from 668,809 specimens. Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus comprised 72.2% of the collection. Other notable species were Anopheles crucians complex, Culex nigripalpus, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. cedecei. Seven species of virus were identified from 110 isolations: Everglades, Gumbo Limbo, Mahogany Hammock, Pahayokee, Shark River, Tensaw, and West Nile viruses. Everglades, West Nile, Tensaw, and Mahogany Hammock viruses were most frequently isolated. Largest numbers of viruses were identified from Cx. cedecei, Cx. nigripalpus, and An. crucians complex. Five species of virus were isolated from Cx. cedecei. Viruses were isolated from mangrove, cypress swamp, hardwood hammock, and sawgrass habitats. West Nile virus was isolated August through October when Cx. nigripalpus was most abundant. Everglades virus was the most frequently isolated virus from nine species of mosquitoes collected from June through August. Tensaw virus was isolated primarily from Anopheles species. Isolations were made in July, August, January, February, and April, suggesting that this virus may be present in host-seeking mosquitoes throughout the year. Mahogany Hammock, Shark River, Gumbo Limbo, and Pahayokee viruses were isolated primarily from Cx. cedecei from June through December. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to document that seven pools of Cx. cedecei were infected with two arboviruses. As communities expand into the Everglades, more humans will become exposed to arboviruses.

Novel Insights Into the Multifaceted Functions of RNA n6-Methyladenosine Modification in Degenerative Musculoskeletal Diseases

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an important modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Since the first discovery of the corresponding demethylase and the subsequent identification of m6A as a dynamic modification, the function and mechanism of m6A in mammalian gene regulation have been extensively investigated. “Writer”, “eraser” and “reader” proteins are key proteins involved in the dynamic regulation of m6A modifications, through the anchoring, removal, and interpretation of m6A modifications, respectively. Remarkably, such dynamic modifications can regulate the progression of many diseases by affecting RNA splicing, translation, export and degradation. Emerging evidence has identified the relationship between m6A modifications and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia and degenerative spinal disorders. Here, we have comprehensively summarized the evidence of the pathogenesis of m6A modifications in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Moreover, the potential molecular mechanisms, regulatory functions and clinical implications of m6A modifications are thoroughly discussed. Our review may provide potential prospects for addressing key issues in further studies.

Quantitative Distribution of Verbal Structures with Reference to the Authorship Factor in Legal Stylistics

The paper aims at describing the findings and conclusions formulated in the analysis of the authorship factor in legal discourse. It is hypothesised that verbal structures show systemically varied distribution across legal discourse and the relevant distinctions run through the authorship categories. When it comes to the aim of the research it draws on the tradition of sociolinguistic methodology targeting issues related to language variation which follows the basic assumptions of functional grammar. From the point of view of the material covered by the analysis it contributes to the research on legal discourse and specifically on its specialised domain referred to as corporate, company or business discourse. It provides additional empirical data pointing to the non-homogeneity of the legal style and formal distinctions originating from rich contextual background. The study is conducted on the material of a custom-designed corpus of English legal texts, classified as secondary genres. Methodologically, the study makes use of the tenets of supervised search of digitalised corpora and automatic data extraction based on discrete units, subsequent identification of recurring longer contiguous and/or non-contiguous sequences, if any, built around the axis of specific verbal structures and finally qualitative comparative analysis (characterisation) of the material. The discussion presents sample data and focuses on the most salient categories, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The inductive approach confirms the formal divergencies in the communicative situation covered by the analysis. The findings encapsulate patterns and tendencies in the quantitative distribution of verbal structures depending on the authorship category. It may be concluded that authorship is a factor delineating distinctions as regards (i) the repertoire of grammatical instruments exploited (verbal structures), which contributes to the specific stylistic profile of given authors. This shows that the thesis posed is verified positively and the study shows further, more detailed distinctions running through groups of subcategories distinguished within the authorship categories specified upon the start of the research.

Application of SCoT markers for accessing of genetic diversity of gramineous forage grass species

Using the SCoT marker system, 8 varieties of cereal grasses belonging to 5 species were analyzed: Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca rubra, Festulolium. Of the 10 tested SCoT markers, 7 informative markers were selected that reveal interspecies genetic polymorphism. According to the results of the analysis, DNA profiles characteristic of each studied species were obtained, and primers allowing to detect intervarietal differences for subsequent identification and molecular genetic passportization were selected.

Revealing morphological characteristics of Goniodorididae genera (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)

Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the species is an essential element in taxonomic studies, since it allows the comparison and differentiation of separate groups of taxa. It becomes especially important when considering type species, as the subsequent identification of the species that compose the taxa is based on its characteristics, considered common in the group. However, despite its relevance, there are still numerous species without detailed descriptions, being especially significant among invertebrates. The family Goniodorididae is a little-known group of nudibranchs that includes eight recognized genera: Okenia, Goniodoris, Ancula, Lophodoris, Spahria, Trapania, Goniodoridella and Murphydoris. Several of their species are not completely described, including type species, and the systematics of the family is still unclear. Here we study in detail the external morphology and internal anatomy of the type species of five of the eight Goniodorididae genera using microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. We include the species Okenia elegans, Goniodoris nodosa, Ancula gibbosa, Goniodoridella savignyi and Murphydoris singaporensis as well as one species of Trapania, T. graeffei. We describe for the first time the detailed internal anatomy of the type species Goniodoridella savignyi. The diagnostic features of each genus are compared, and a preliminary framework is shown to clarify their systematics and identifications.

Current trends of Ukraine’s categorized hotels development

The article analyzes the current state of categorized hotels in Ukraine, their dynamics for 2018–2021 and distribution by regions. The activity of the State Agency for the Tourism Development of Ukraine on the establishment of categories of hotels, with the subsequent identification of the main trends and frequency of obtaining the declared category by the hotel is investigated. The main motives for obtaining a category by modern hotels are summarized. The existence of a relationship between the selected target audience and the decision to undergo categorization by the hotel was identified. The influence of new requirements for hotels receiving permission to organize and conduct gambling on the rapid growth in demand for hotels to undergo the categorization procedure has been determined. The register of permits issued by the Gambling and Lottery Regulatory Commission was investigated and compared with a list of hotels that had recently been categorized and re-examined of an existing category. It is predicted that by the end of the year there will be a significant increase in the number of categorized hotels in the whole country, and specifically in Kyiv. The place of the Odessa region among other administrative-territorial units of Ukraine was determined by the number of categorized hotels for 2018–2021. The characteristic of the main trends that distinguish the Odessa region from the list of categorized hotels from other regions of Ukraine is given. The main changes that took place in the Odessa region in the context of various categories of hotels are revealed. The distribution of categorized hotels with more than one hundred rooms has been investigated. The dependence of the location of hotels and the result of their categorization is substantiated. The existing tendencies regarding categorized hotels in Ukraine are determined, including the uneven distribution by region, the revival of the rate of obtaining the category by hotels after the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine on state regulation of activities for the organization and conduct of gambling, positioning the Odessa region as the region with the largest number of «five stars» hotels. Suggestions for further research on this issue are given.

Targeted Approaches to T-Cell Lymphoma

The T-cell lymphomas are a rare group of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas derived from mature T-lymphocytes. They are divided broadly into the Peripheral T-cell lymphomas and the Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Clinical outcomes vary widely but are generally unsatisfactory with current treatments. The development of an understanding of the various critical pathways in T-cell lymphogenesis and subsequent identification of therapeutic targets has led to a rapid expansion of the previously underwhelming T-cell lymphoma armament. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the current state of targeted therapies in the T-cell lymphomas, including novel antibody-based treatments, small molecule inhibitors and immune-based therapies.

Role of Tonsillar Chronic Inflammation and Commensal Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric OSA

Immune responses at the boundary between the host and the world beyond are complex and mucosal tissue homeostasis relies on them. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a syndrome suffered by children with hypertrophied tonsils. We have previously demonstrated that these tonsils present a defective regulatory B cell (Breg) compartment. Here, we extend those findings by uncovering the crucial role of resident pro-inflammatory B and T cells in sustaining tonsillar hypertrophy and hyperplasia by producing TNFα and IL17, respectively, in ex vivo cultures. Additionally, we detected prominent levels of expression of CD1d by tonsillar stratified as well as reticular epithelium, which have not previously been reported. Furthermore, we evidenced the hypertrophy of germinal centers (GC) and the general hyperplasia of B lymphocytes within the tissue and the lumen of the crypts. Of note, such B cells resulted mainly (IgG/IgM)+ cells, with some IgA+ cells located marginally in the follicles. Finally, by combining bacterial culture from the tonsillar core and subsequent identification of the respective isolates, we determined the most prevalent species within the cohort of OSA patients. Although the isolated species are considered normal oropharyngeal commensals in children, we confirmed their capacity to breach the epithelial barrier. Our work sheds light on the pathological mechanism underlying OSA, highlighting the relevance taken by the host immune system when defining infection versus colonization, and opening alternatives of treatment.

Development and identification of the cellular automata phase transformation model

The development and identification of the complex microscale austenite to ferrite transformation model during continuous cooling based on the Cellular Automata method and DigiCore library is the main goal of the work. The model is designed to predict phase transformation from a fully austenitic range and involves nucleation of ferrite grains with their further growth. The major driving force for the CA grain growth is based on the carbon concentration differences across the microstructure. The model parameters are identified with the inverse analysis method with the goal function defined on the basis of the dilatometric investigation. The basic assumption of the developed model, experimental procedure, as well as subsequent identification stages, are presented within the work.

An appraisal of avian species diversity in and around Purulia Town, West Bengal, India

Purulia, the westernmost district of West Bengal, India is least explored with respect to the biological diversity and relatively little information is available to date. The present study was conducted from February 2017 to January 2018 to document avifaunal diversity in Purulia Town and surroundings. Sampling was done through the line transect method with photographic documentation and subsequent identification following suitable keys. Species richness and seasonal abundance were calculated. Altogether, 115 species of birds belonging to 19 orders and 43 families were recorded during the study period. Passeriformes was the most dominant order represented by 46 species during the study. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) value was highest for January (1.564). A large number of migratory birds visit Purulia every year mostly during winter and it is reflected in the present study. Diverse foraging habit among the birds was observed during the study period and omnivorous birds (29%) were found in highest number followed by invertivores (26%), carnivores (25%), granivores (8%), herbivores (7%), frugivores (3%), and nectarivores (2%). The present study is a preliminary effort to document the avifaunal diversity of Purulia and a more extensive systematic study should be carried out to investigate and protect the avifaunal diversity of this region.