Heparin Increases Exercise-Induced Collateral Blood Flow in Rats With Femoral Artery Ligation

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Yang ◽  
Robert W. Ogilvie ◽  
Ronald L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Collateral Blood Flow ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract 15312: Genetic Deletion of Toll-like Receptor 9 Accelerates Blood Flow Recovery after Hindlimb Ischemia

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nishimoto ◽  
Daiju Fukuda ◽  
Yasutomi Higashikuni ◽  
Kimie Tanaka ◽  
Yoichiro Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Cpg Odn ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Ischemic Limb ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Genetic Deletion ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Background: Peripheral artery disease causes significant functional disability and results in impaired quality of life. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, 3 and 4 are suggested to participate in blood flow recovery in ischemic limb by modulating inflammation and angiogenesis, however, the role of TLR9 remains unknown. TLR9 recognizes bacterial unmethylated DNA and plays a role in innate defense, although it can also provoke inflammation in response to fragmented DNA released from regenerated mammalian cells. This study tested the hypothesis that genetic deletion of TLR9 accelerates blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation by inhibiting inflammation and improving endothelial cell function. Methods and Results: Unilateral femoral artery ligation was performed in TLR9-deficient (TLR9KO) mice and wild type (WT) mice. Femoral artery ligation significantly increased RNA expression of TLR9 (20-times) in WT mice and plasma levels of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA, endogenous ligands for TLR9, in both strains of mice compared with each sham-operated group (P<0.05). Laser Doppler perfusion imaging demonstrated that TLR9KO mice significantly improved the ratio of the blood flow in the ischemic to non-ischemic limb compared with WT mice at 2 weeks after ligation (P<0.05). TLR9KO mice showed less accumulation of macrophages and less expression of inflammatory molecules (e.g., TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-1β in ischemic muscle compared with WT mice (P<0.05, respectively). In vitro experiments using thioglycolate-stimulated peritoneal macrophages demonstrated that CpG ODN, agonistic oligonucleotide for TLR9, promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g., MCP-1 and TNF-α) in WT macrophages (P<0.05, respectively) but not in TLR9 KO macrophages. Furthermore, activation of TLR9 by CpG ODN inhibited migration and proliferation of endothelial cells as determined by scratch-wound assay and MTS assay, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggested that TLR9 enhances inflammation and affects migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, leading to impaired blood flow recovery in ischemic limb. TLR9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic limb disease.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation 30 min or 6 h Prior to Cycling Does Not Alter Resting Blood Flow Velocity, Exercise-Induced Physiological Responses or Time to Exhaustion in Healthy Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yago Medeiros Dutra ◽  
Gabriel Machado Claus ◽  
Elvis de Souza Malta ◽  
Daniela Moraes de Franco Seda ◽  
Anderson Saranz Zago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

PurposeThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) applied 30 min or 6 h prior to cycling on blood flow velocity and plasma nitrite concentrations at rest, time to exhaustion, cardiorespiratory responses, blood acid-base balance, and K+ and lactate concentrations during exercise.MethodsIn a randomized, crossover design, 13 healthy untrained men randomly completed four cycling bouts until exhaustion at the severe-intensity domain (i.e., above respiratory compensation point). Thirty minutes or 6 h prior to the cycling trials, participants were treated with PBMT on the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscles of both limbs using a multi-diode array (11 cm × 30 cm with 264 diodes) at doses of 152 J or a sham irradiation (with device turned off, placebo). Blood samples were collected before and 30 min or 6 h after treatments to measure plasmatic nitrite concentrations. Doppler ultrasound exams of the femoral artery were also performed at the same time points. Cardiorespiratory responses, blood acid-base balance, and K+ and lactate concentrations were monitored during exercise sessions.ResultsPBMT did not improve the time to exhaustion (p = 0.30). At rest, no differences were found in the peak systolic velocity (p = 0.97) or pulsatility index (p = 0.83) in the femoral artery, and in plasma nitrite concentrations (p = 0.47). During exercise, there were no differences for any cardiorespiratory response monitored (heart rate, p = 0.15; oxygen uptake, p = 0.15; pulmonary ventilation, p = 0.67; carbon dioxide output, p = 0.93; and respiratory exchange ratio, p = 0.32), any blood acid-base balance indicator (pH, p = 0.74; base excess, p = 0.33; bicarbonate concentration, p = 0.54), or K+ (p = 0.22) and lactate (p = 0.55) concentrations.ConclusionsPBMT at 152 J applied 30 min or 6 h before cycling at severe-intensity did not alter resting plasma nitrite and blood flow velocity in the femoral artery, exercise-induced physiological responses, or time to exhaustion in healthy untrained men.

Sympathetic vasomotor control does not explain the change in femoral artery shear rate pattern during arm-crank exercise

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. H180-H185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
Sjoerd Steendijk ◽  
Maria T. E. Hopman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Retrograde Shear

During lower limb exercise, blood flow through the resting upper limbs exhibits a change characterized by increased anterograde flow during systole, but also large increases in retrograde diastolic flow. One explanation for the retrograde flow is that increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) tone and concomitant increased peripheral resistance generate a rebound during diastole. To examine whether the SNS contributes to retrograde flow patterns, we measured femoral artery blood flow during arm-crank exercise in 10 healthy men (31 ± 4 yr) and 10 spinal cord-injured (SCI) subjects who lack sympathetic innervation in the legs (33 ± 5 yr). Before, and every 5 min during 25-min arm-crank exercise at 50% maximal capacity, femoral artery blood flow and peak anterograde and retrograde shear rate were assessed using echo Doppler sonography. Femoral artery baseline blood flow was significantly lower in SCI compared with controls. Exercise increased femoral artery blood flow in both groups (ANOVA, P < 0.05), whereas leg vascular conductance did not change during exercise in either group. Mean shear rate was lower in SCI than in controls ( P < 0.05). Peak anterograde shear rate was higher in SCI than in controls ( P < 0.05), whereas peak retrograde shear rate did not differ between groups. Arm-crank exercise induced an increase in peak anterograde and retrograde shear rate in the femoral artery in controls and SCI subjects ( P < 0.05). This suggests that the SNS is not obligatory to change the flow pattern in inactive regions during exercise. Local mechanisms may play a role in the arm-crank exercise-induced changes in flow pattern in the femoral artery.

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