Abstract 11885: Differential Contributions of Abdominal Visceral Fat and Epicardial Fat to Coronary Atherosclerosis in Non-Obese Japanese Patients

Introduction: Epicardial fat is a source of adipocytokines that have both paracrine and systemic effects and is implicated in coronary atherosclerosis. The relation between epicardial fat volume (EFV) and circulating adipocytokine levels has remained unknown, however. Objectives: We assessed the relation between EFV and both plasma adipocytokine concentrations and coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Methods: Consecutive Japanese patients suspected of having coronary artery disease (n = 216) were examined. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome or with inadequate CT imaging were excluded. A total of 164 patients (65 ± 10 years; 70% men; BMI, 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m2) was enrolled. Plasma levels of adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. The characteristics of coronary plaque, abdominal visceral fat area, and EFV were determined by 64-slice CT. Results: EFV was greater in subjects with noncalcified plaque than in those with no plaque or with calcified plaque (126 ± 39 vs. 98 ± 34 and 97 ± 45 mL, respectively; P = 0.010). EFV was significantly correlated with BMI, plasma triglyceride concentration, and the triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio (r = 0.51, 0.19, and 0.20, respectively) but not with plasma adipocytokine levels, whereas plasma adiponectin and IL-6 levels were significantly correlated (r = -0.49 and 0.20, respectively) with visceral fat area, in patients with coronary plaque. Conclusions: Patients with noncalcified plaque had increased EFV but their plasma adipocytokine levels had not increased. Adipocytokines in plasma may be derived mainly from abdominal visceral fat, whereas epicardial fat may promote coronary atherosclerosis directly through a paracrine mechanism rather than by systemic effects. In conclusion, abdominal visceral fat and epicardial fat may thus contribute to coronary atherosclerosis by distinct mechanisms in nonobese individuals.

Download Full-text

Abstract P193: Increased High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol:ApolipoproteinA1 Ratio is Associated with Less Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Statin-Treated Patients

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap193 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Preethi Mani ◽

Kiyoko Uno ◽

Julie Thornton ◽

Stephen Nicholls

Keyword(s):

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Coronary Plaque ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Plaque Burden ◽

P Value ◽

Plaque Progression ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Hdl Function ◽

Atheroma Volume

Background HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) levels are inversely related to adverse cardiovascular outcome. Associations between these HDL related measures and their ratio with coronary plaque progression have not been studied. It has been proposed that increasing HDL particle cholesterol content impairs HDL function, but impact on disease progression is unknown. We hypothesize that all HDL related measures are inversely associated with coronary plaque progression. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed of 1528 statin treated patients with angiographic CAD who had serial evaluation of atheroma burden with intravascular ultrasound. Relationships between achieved levels of HDL related measures with clinical characteristics and changes in plaque burden were determined. Results Strong correlation between HDL-C and apoAI (r=0.73, p<0.0001) was noted. Patients with highest levels of HDL-C:apoAI were more likely to be female, black, and have lower BMI and less likely to be smokers or have previous revascularization (all p<0.001) or acute coronary syndrome (p=0.013). HDL-C, apoAI, and HDL-C:apoAI demonstrated negative correlation with change in total atheroma volume (p<0.01). For HDL-C:apoAI and HDL-C, increasing tertiles of achieved levels were associated with a linear benefit in slowing progression. For apoAI, a nonlinear association was seen, with similar benefit on progression in the middle and upper tertiles ( Table ). There was no statistical interaction for heterogeneity between HDL-C:apoAI and atheroma burden based on achieved levels of HDL-C (p=0.581). Change in IVUS Measures By Tertiles of Achieved HDL-related Parameters Percent Atheroma Volume Parameter T1 T2 T3 P Value HDL-C 0.58±0.27 0.26±0.27 0.11±0.27 0.012 ApoAI 0.28±0.26 −0.04±0.26 −0.08±0.26 0.10 HDL-C:ApoAI 0.22±0.27 0.13±0.27 −0.27±0.27 0.021 Total Atheroma Volume Parameter T1 T2 T3 P Value HDL-C −2.46±2.21 −4.18±2.20 −5.31±2.20 0.035 ApoAI −4.94±2.13 −6.30±2.13 −7.40±2.13 0.135 HDL-C:ApoAI −4.59±2.25 −6.38±2.24 −8.07±2.26 0.022 Conclusions Increase in all HDL related measures was associated with less progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Association of higher HDL-C:ApoAI with favorable effect on plaque progression at all levels of HDL-C suggests intact HDL functionality of larger cholesterol rich particles. Interventions that increase HDL particle cholesterol content, such as CETP inhibitors, may thus have beneficial effect at the artery wall.

Download Full-text

Importance of intra-abdominal visceral fat accumulation to coronary atherosclerosis in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/sj.ijo.0800445 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 580-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

T Nakamura ◽

H Kobayashi ◽

K Yanagi ◽

T Nakagawa ◽

M Nishida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Fat ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽

Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia

Download Full-text

Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors Reduce the Abdominal Visceral Fat Area and May Influence the Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Internal Medicine ◽

10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7196 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 597-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Takahiro Tosaki ◽

Hideki Kamiya ◽

Tatsuhito Himeno ◽

Yoshiro Kato ◽

Masaki Kondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Renal Function ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat

Download Full-text

Variability of the Plasma Lipidome and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvbaha.121.316847 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sock Hwee Tan ◽

Hiromi W.L. Koh ◽

Jing Yi Chua ◽

Bo Burla ◽

Ching Ching Ong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Score ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Framingham Risk Score ◽

Coronary Plaque ◽

High Variability ◽

Plaque Burden ◽

Plaque Volume ◽

Framingham Risk ◽

Coronary Events ◽

Noncalcified Plaque

Objective: While the risk of acute coronary events has been associated with biological variability of circulating cholesterol, the association with variability of other atherogenic lipids remains less understood. We evaluated the longitudinal variability of 284 lipids and investigated their association with asymptomatic coronary atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Circulating lipids were extracted from fasting blood samples of 83 community-sampled symptom-free participants (age 41–75 years), collected longitudinally over 6 months. Three types of coronary plaque volume (calcified, lipid-rich, and fibrotic) were quantified using computed tomography coronary angiogram. We first deconvoluted between-subject (CV g ) and within-subject (CV w ) lipid variabilities. We then tested whether the mean lipid abundance was different across groups categorized by Framingham risk score and plaques phenotypes (lipid-rich, fibrotic, and calcified). Last, we investigated whether visit-to-visit variability of each lipid was associated with plaque burden. Most lipids (72.5%) exhibited higher CV g than CV w . Among the lipids (N=145) with 1.2-fold higher CV g than CV w , 26 species including glycerides and ceramides were significantly associated with Framingham risk score and the 3 plaque phenotypes (false discovery rate <0.05). In an exploratory analysis of person-specific visit-to-visit variability without multiple-comparisons testing, high variability of 3 lysophospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholines 16:0, 18:0, and O-18:1) were associated with lipid-rich and fibrotic (noncalcified) plaque volume while high variability of diacylglycerol 18:1_20:0, triacylglycerols 52:2, 52:3, and 52:4, ceramide d18:0/20:0, dihexosylceramide d18:1/16:0, and sphingomyelin 36:3 were associated with calcified plaque volume. Conclusions: High person-specific longitudinal variation of specific nonsterol lipids are associated with the burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Larger studies are needed to confirm these exploratory findings.

Download Full-text

EPICARDIAL FAT RATHER THAN ABDOMINAL VISCERAL FAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(13)61081-5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (10) ◽

pp. E1081

Author(s):

Norihisa Toh ◽

Hitomi Sakamoto ◽

Kazuhiro Osawa ◽

Hiroki Oe ◽

Toru Miyoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diastolic Dysfunction ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Epicardial Fat ◽

Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat

Download Full-text

Abdominal Visceral Fat Area and Chronic Pouchitis after Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481708301003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (10) ◽

pp. 1029-1032 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vivek Pandrangi ◽

Daniel Mandel ◽

Norman Gellada ◽

Cindy Kallman ◽

Karen Zaghiyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Ileal Pouch ◽

Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Refractory Disease ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Anal Anastomosis ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat

Chronic pouchitis (CP) after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is a significant clinical problem. Adipose tissues produce antiinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We evaluated the association between abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) and CP. Patients with a preoperative CT evaluation were included. The diagnosis of CP was confirmed in all cases by endoscopy with afferent ileal limb intubation. Patients were allocated into groups of high VFA and low VFA. The study cohort of 52 patients had a median body mass index of 22 (range, 14–32). Indications for surgery were medically refractory disease in 46 (88%) patients and cancer/dysplasia in six (12%) patients. Median VFA was 27.1 (range, 1–144). Six (12%) patients developed CP. Low VFA patients were significantly younger (29 vs 45 years; P < 0.0001), had lower body mass index (20.4 vs 24.7; P < 0.0001), had surgery more commonly for medically refractory disease than for cancer or dysplasia (100 vs 77%; P = 0.02), and had a higher incidence of CP than high VFA patients (23 vs 0%; P = 0.02). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that only low VFA was associated with CP (P = 0.009). An association is present between VFA and CP after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, implicating adipocytes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.

Download Full-text

Comparison between two methods of bioelectrical impedance analyses for accuracy in measuring abdominal visceral fat area

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications ◽

10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.10.014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 343-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Kyeong Seon Park ◽

Dong-Hwa Lee ◽

JieEun Lee ◽

Yoon Ji Kim ◽

Kyong Yeun Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat

Download Full-text

Different associations of body mass index and visceral fat area with metabolic parameters and adipokines in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes & Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.diabet.2015.03.008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 261-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Yanai ◽

Y. Hirowatari

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Visceral Fat Area

Download Full-text

Relation of visceral fat and haemodynamics in adults with Fontan circulation

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951120001419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 995-1000

Author(s):

Adam M. Lubert ◽

Tarek Alsaied ◽

Andrew T. Trout ◽

Jonathan R. Dillman ◽

Bryan H. Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Epicardial Fat ◽

Epicardial Fat Volume ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽

Fat Volume

AbstractBeing overweight is associated with reduced functional capacity in Fontan patients. Increased adiposity leads to accumulation of epicardial and intra-abdominal visceral fat, which produce proinflammatory cytokines and may affect endothelial function. This retrospective study to evaluate the association between visceral fat and Fontan haemodynamics included 23 Fontan patients >18 years old with MRI and catheterization data available. Epicardial fat volume indexed to body surface area was measured by cardiac MRI, and intra-abdominal visceral fat thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were derived from abdominal MRI. Stepwise regression models were used to determine univariable and multivariable associations between fat measures and haemodynamics. Mean age was 28.2 ± 9.5 years and body mass index was 26 ± 4 kg/m2. Mean central venous pressure was 13 ± 3 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance index was 1.23WU·m2 (interquartile range: 0.95–1.56). Epicardial fat volume was associated with age (r2 = 0.37, p = 0.002), weight (r2 = 0.26, p = 0.013), body mass index (r2 = 0.27, p = 0.011), and intra-abdominal visceral fat (r2 = 0.30, p = 0.018). Subcutaneous fat thickness did not relate to these measures. There was modest correlation between epicardial fat volume and pulmonary vascular resistance (r2 = 0.27, p = 0.02) and a trend towards significant correlation between intra-abdominal fat thickness and pulmonary vascular resistance (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.06). Subcutaneous fat thickness was not associated with Fontan haemodynamics. In multivariable analysis, including age and visceral fat measures, epicardial fat was independently correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (point estimate 0.13 ± 0.05 per 10 ml/m2 increase, p = 0.03). In conclusion, in adults with Fontan circulation, increased visceral fat is associated with higher pulmonary vascular resistance. Excess visceral fat may represent a therapeutic target to improve Fontan haemodynamics.

Download Full-text