scholarly journals Virome Sequencing in Patients With Myocarditis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Heidecker ◽  
Simon H. Williams ◽  
Komal Jain ◽  
Alexandra Oleynik ◽  
Dimitri Patriki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Fulminant Myocarditis ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Barr Virus

Background: Polymerase chain reaction analyses of cardiac tissues have detected viral sequences in up to 67% of cases of myocarditis. However, viruses have not been implicated in giant cell myocarditis (GCM). Furthermore, efforts to detect viruses implicated in myocarditis have been unsuccessful in more accessible samples such as peripheral blood. Methods: We used Virome Capture Sequencing for Vertbrate Viruses (VirCapSeq-VERT), a method that simultaneously screens for all known vertebrate viruses, to investigate viruses in 33 patients with myocarditis. We investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=24), plasma (n=27), endomyocardial biopsies (n=2), and cardiac tissue samples from explanted hearts (n=13). Results: Nine patients (27%) had GCM and 4 patients (13%) had fulminant myocarditis. We found the following viruses in the blood of patients with myocarditis: Epstein Barr virus (n=11, 41%), human pegivirus (n=1, 4%), human endogenous retrovirus K (n=27, 100%), and anellovirus (n=15, 56%). All tissue samples from fulminant myocarditis (n=2) and GCM (n=13) contained human endogenous retrovirus K. Conclusions: No nucleic acids from viruses previously implicated in myocarditis or other human illnesses were detected in relevant amounts in cardiac tissue samples from GCM or in blood samples from other types of myocarditis. These findings do not exclude a role for viral infection in GCM but do suggest that if viruses are implicated, the mechanism is likely to be indirect rather than due to cytotoxic infection of myocardium.

Distinctive patterns of age-dependent hypomethylation in interspersed repetitive sequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornrutsami Jintaridth ◽  
Apiwat Mutirangura
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Short Interspersed Elements ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Age Dependent

Interspersed repetitive sequences (IRSs) are a major contributor to genome size and may contribute to cellular functions. IRSs are subdivided according to size and functionally related structures into short interspersed elements, long interspersed elements (LINEs), DNA transposons, and LTR-retrotransposons. Many IRSs may produce RNA and regulate genes by a variety of mechanisms. The majority of DNA methylation occurs in IRSs and is believed to suppress IRS activities. Global hypomethylation, or the loss of genome-wide methylation, is a common epigenetic event not only in senescent cells but also in cancer cells. Loss of LINE-1 methylation has been characterized in many cancers. Here, we evaluated the methylation levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of LINE-1, Alu, and human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) in 177 samples obtained from volunteers between 20 and 88 yr of age. Age was negatively associated with methylation levels of Alu (r = −0.452, P < 10−3) and HERV-K (r = −0.326, P < 10−3) but not LINE-1 (r = 0.145, P = 0.055). Loss of methylation of Alu occurred during ages 34–68 yr, and loss of methylation of HERV-K occurred during ages 40–63 yr and again during ages 64–83 yr. Interestingly, methylation of Alu and LINE-1 are directly associated, particularly at ages 49 yr and older (r = 0.49, P < 10−3). Therefore, only some types of IRSs lose methylation at certain ages. Moreover, Alu and HERV-K become hypomethylated differently. Finally, there may be several mechanisms of global methylation. However, not all of these mechanisms are age-dependent. This finding may lead to a better understanding of not only the biological causes and consequences of genome-wide hypomethylation but also the role of IRSs in the aging process.

scholarly journals Coxsackievirus-B4 Infection Can Induce the Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus W in Primary Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
Arthur Dechaumes ◽  
Antoine Bertin ◽  
Famara Sane ◽  
Sandrine Levet ◽  
Jennifer Varghese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Enteroviral Infection ◽  
Coxsackievirus B4 ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Cells

Human Endogenous Retrovirus W Envelope (HERV-W ENV) mRNA or protein can be found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and exocrine pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Further, previous observations have shown an association between enteroviral infection and development of T1D; specifically, coxsackievirus-B (CV-B) has been detected in the blood and pancreas of patients with T1D. Notably, viruses can activate HERV-W expression. Hence, we evaluated the effect of CV-B4 infection on HERV-W ENV mRNA expression. Primary human pancreatic ductal cells were obtained from five brain-dead donors. In the pancreatic cells of three donors, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level measured using RT-qPCR was upregulated upon CV-B4 infection. The HERV-W ENV protein was detected in the infected cells using the immunoblot assay. In human PBMCs inoculated with CV-B4 or when CV-B4 was incubated with an enhancing serum, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level was higher than the background RNA level. In monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from 5 of 13 donors, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level was higher in cultures inoculated with CV-B4 than in the control. Therefore, CV-B4 can upregulate or induce the transcription of a certain HERV-W ENV copy (or copies) in primary cell cultures, such as monocytes, macrophages, and pancreatic cells.

scholarly journals In vitro effects of Epstein-Barr virus on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Slaughter ◽  
D A Carson ◽  
F C Jensen ◽  
T L Holbrook ◽  
J H Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 9 control subjects were cultured in vitro for 30 days with and without infection by Epstein-Barr virus. All cultures showed polyclonal stimulation of B cells as indicated by rising levels of IgM in the culture supernates, reaching maximal at 18-24 days, and with no quantitative or kinetic difference between the RA and control cells. IgM anti-IgG was also produced in both groups and maximally at 18-24 days, but in greater quantity by the RA lymphocytes. The anti-IgG made by the RA lymphocytes was more easily absorbed by solid phase IgG than was the anti-IgG made by the normal lymphocytes and thus was judged to be of higher affinity. RA lymphocytes uninfected with EBV had higher transformation scores than did the normal controls and developed spontaneously into permanent cell lines in six instances.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HUMAN ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS HERV-E λ 4-1 EXPRESSION IN BLOOD IMMUNE CELLS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
I A Goldina ◽  
E V Markova
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

In order to investigate the function of human endogenous retrovirus HERV-E λ 4-1 in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, the comparative research of frequency of this retrovirus expression and mRNA level on different types of blood immune cells of progredient course multiple sclerosis patients have been conducted with using of the reverse - transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated on Ficoll density gradient centrifugations. Monocytes were separated by the adhesion to plastic Petri dishes. For the estimation of the mitogen-induced HERV-E λ 4-1 expression, blood mononuclear cells were incubated with adding of phytogemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen during 72 hours in CO2 incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Results of HERV-E λ 4-1 env gene expression estimation demonstrate that both monocytes and lymphocytes express HERV-E λ 4-1. The level of the HERV-E λ 4-1 env mRNA was higher in lymphocytes than in monocytes. The main source of HERV-E λ 4-1 in progredient course MS patients between blood immune cells are lymphocytes, especially B lymphocytes.

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