Intact Recollection Memory in High-performing Older Adults: ERP and Behavioral Evidence

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Duarte ◽  
Charan Ranganath ◽  
Celina Trujillo ◽  
Robert T. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Numerous behavioral studies have suggested that normal aging has deleterious effects on episodic memory and that recollection is disproportionately impaired relative to familiarity-based recognition. However, there is a wide degree of variability in memory performance within the aging population and this generalization may not apply to all elderly adults. Here we investigated these issues by using event-related potentials (ERPs) to measure the effects of aging on the neural correlates of recollection and familiarity in older adults with recognition memory performance that was equivalent to (old-high) or lower than (old-low) that of young adults. Results showed that, behaviorally, old-high subjects exhibited intact recollection but reduced familiarity, whereas old-low subjects had impairments in both recollection and familiarity, relative to the young. Consistent with behavioral results, old-high subjects exhibited ERP correlates of recollection that were topographically similar to those observed in young subjects. However, unlike the young adults, old-high subjects did not demonstrate any neural correlates of familiarity-based recognition. In contrast to the old-high group, the old-low group exhibited neural correlates of recollection that were topographically distinct from those of the young. Our results suggest that the effects of aging on the underlying brain processes related to recollection and familiarity are dependent on individual memory performance and highlight the importance of examining performance variability in normal aging.

scholarly journals Material-specific Neural Correlates of Recollection: Objects, Words, and Faces

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Galli ◽  
Leun J. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Stimulus Material ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

It is unclear how neural correlates of episodic memory retrieval differ depending on the type of material that is retrieved. Here, we used a source memory task to compare electrical brain activity for the recollection of three types of stimulus material. At study, healthy adults judged how well visually presented objects, words, and faces fitted with paired auditorily presented names of locations. At test, only visual stimuli were presented. The task was to decide whether an item had been presented earlier and, if so, what location had been paired with the item. Stimulus types were intermixed across trials in Experiment 1 and presented in separate study–test lists in Experiment 2. A graded pattern of memory performance was observed across objects, words, and faces in both experiments. Between 300 and 500 msec, event-related potentials for recollected objects and faces showed a more frontal scalp distribution compared to words in both experiments. Later in the recording epoch, all three stimulus materials elicited recollection effects over left posterior scalp sites. However, these effects extended more anteriorly for objects and faces when stimulus categories were blocked. These findings demonstrate that the neural correlates of recollection are material specific, the crucial difference being between pictorial and verbal material. Faces do not appear to have a special status. The sensitivity of recollection effects to the kind of experimental design suggests that, in addition to type of stimulus material, higher-level control processes affect the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying episodic retrieval.

scholarly journals Temporal Dynamics of Event-Related Potentials during Inhibitory Control Characterize Age-Related Neural Compensation

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2323
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Paitel ◽  
Kristy A. Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Aging is accompanied by frontal lobe and non-dominant hemisphere recruitment that supports executive functioning, such as inhibitory control, which is crucial to all cognitive functions. However, the spatio-temporal sequence of processing underlying successful inhibition and how it changes with age is understudied. Thus, we capitalized on the temporal precision of event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess the functional lateralization of N200 (conflict monitoring) and P300 (inhibitory performance evaluation) in young and healthy older adults during comparably performed successful stop-signal inhibition. We additionally used temporal principal components analysis (PCA) to further interrogate the continuous spatio-temporal dynamics underlying N200 and P300 activation for each group. Young adults demonstrated left hemisphere-dominant N200, while older adults demonstrated overall larger amplitudes and right hemisphere dominance. N200 activation was explained by a single PCA factor in both age groups, but with a more anterior scalp distribution in older adults. The P300 amplitudes were larger in the right hemisphere in young, but bilateral in old, with old larger than young in the left hemisphere. P300 was also explained by a single factor in young adults but by two factors in older adults, including distinct parieto-occipital and anterior activation. These findings highlight the differential functional asymmetries of conflict monitoring (N200) and inhibitory evaluation and adaptation (P300) processes and further illuminate unique age-related spatio-temporal recruitment patterns. Older adults demonstrated lateralized recruitment during conflict processing and bilateral recruitment during evaluation and adaptation, with anterior recruitment common to both processes. These fine-grained analyses are critically important for more precise understanding of age-related compensatory activation.

scholarly journals Memory, consciousness and neuroimaging

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1861-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
D. L. Schacter ◽  
R. L. Buckner ◽  
W. Koutstaal
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Conscious Recollection ◽  
Related Potentials

Neuroimaging techniques that allow the assessment of memory performance in healthy human volunteers while simultaneously obtaining measurements of brain activity in vivo may offer new information on the neural correlates of particular forms of memory retrieval and their association with consciousness and intention. We consider evidence from studies with positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging indicating that priming, a form of implicit retrieval, is associated with decreased activity in various cortical regions. We also consider evidence concerning the question of whether two components of explicit retrieval—intentional or effortful search and successful conscious recollection— are preferentially associated with increased activity in prefrontal and medial temporal regions, respectively. Last, we consider recent efforts to probe the relation between the phenomenological character of remembering and neural activity. In this instance we broaden our scope to include studies employing event–related potentials and consider evidence concerning the neural correlates of qualitatively different forms of memory, including memory that is specifically associated with a sense of self, and the recollection of particular temporal or perceptual features that might contribute to a rich and vivid experience of the past.

scholarly journals Age-related Differences in Prestimulus Subsequent Memory Effects Assessed with Event-related Potentials

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Koen ◽  
Erin D. Horne ◽  
Nedra Hauck ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials

Prestimulus subsequent memory effects (preSMEs)—differences in neural activity elicited by a task cue at encoding that are predictive of later memory performance—are thought to reflect differential engagement of preparatory processes that benefit episodic memory encoding. We investigated age differences in preSMEs indexed by differences in ERP amplitude just before the onset of a study item. Young and older adults incidentally encoded words for a subsequent memory test. Each study word was preceded by a task cue that signaled a judgment to perform on the word. Words were presented for either a short (300 msec) or long (1000 msec) duration with the aim of placing differential benefits on engaging preparatory processes initiated by the task cue. ERPs associated with subsequent successful and unsuccessful recollection, operationalized here by source memory accuracy, were estimated time-locked to the onset of the task cue. In a late time window (1000–2000 msec after onset of the cue), young adults demonstrated frontally distributed preSMEs for both the short and long study durations, albeit with opposite polarities in the two conditions. This finding suggests that preSMEs in young adults are sensitive to perceived task demands. Although older adults showed no evidence of preSMEs in the same late time window, significant preSMEs were observed in an earlier time window (500–1000 msec) that was invariant with study duration. These results are broadly consistent with the proposal that older adults differ from their younger counterparts in how they engage preparatory processes during memory encoding.

Neuronal Responses to a Postural Dual-Task With Differential Attentional Prioritizations: Compensatory Resource Allocation With Healthy Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1326-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Han Yu ◽  
Ing-Shiou Hwang ◽  
Cheng-Ya Huang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Force Matching ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
Related Potentials

Abstract Objectives Restricted central processing in older adults prevents optimization of a dual task with a flexible prioritization strategy. This study investigated the neural mechanisms of task-priority in young and older adults when performing a posture-motor dual-task. Method Sixteen healthy young and 16 older adults performed a force-matching task on a mobile-platform under posture-focus (PF) and supraposture-focus (SF) conditions. The platform movement, force-matching performance, and event-related potentials in the preparatory period were recorded. Results For the elders, the postural stability and force-matching accuracy using the PF strategy were inferior to those using the SF strategy; whereas, the dual-task performances of the young adults were less affected by the prioritization. Only the elders exhibited the P1 wave, with the PF strategy associated with a smaller P1 and larger P1 than the SF strategy in the sensorimotor-parietal and right frontotemporal areas, respectively. The PF strategy also led to a larger P2 wave in the right frontotemporal area of elders, but a greater P2 wave in the sensorimotor-parietal area of young adults. Discussion For both prioritization strategies, older adults entailed a longer preparatory process than younger adults. Dual-task performance of older adults was more vulnerable to PF strategy, underlying compensatory resource allocation in the preparatory period for resolution of dual-task interference due to degenerated frontal function.

scholarly journals Aging Modulates Prefrontal Plasticity Induced by Executive Control Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Najberg ◽  
Laura Wachtl ◽  
Marco Anziano ◽  
Michael Mouthon ◽  
Lucas Spierer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Older Populations

Abstract While declines in inhibitory control, the capacity to suppress unwanted neurocognitive processes, represent a hallmark of healthy aging, whether this function is susceptible to training-induced plasticity in older populations remains largely unresolved. We addressed this question with a randomized controlled trial investigating the changes in behavior and electrical neuroimaging activity induced by a 3-week adaptive gamified Go/NoGo inhibitory control training (ICT). Performance improvements were accompanied by the development of more impulsive response strategies, but did not generalize to impulsivity traits nor quality of life. As compared with a 2-back working-memory training, the ICT in the older adults resulted in a purely quantitative reduction in the strength of the activity in a medial and ventrolateral prefrontal network over the 400 ms P3 inhibition-related event-related potentials component. However, as compared with young adults, the ICT induced distinct configurational modifications in older adults’ 200 ms N2 conflict monitoring medial–frontal functional network. Hence, while older populations show preserved capacities for training-induced plasticity in executive control, aging interacts with the underlying plastic brain mechanisms. Training improves the efficiency of the inhibition process in older adults, but its effects differ from those in young adults at the level of the coping with inhibition demands.

Impaired Inhibitory Control During Walking in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: An EEG Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ronen Sosnik ◽  
Shani Danziger-Schragenheim ◽  
Daniel Possti ◽  
Firas Fahoum ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Related Potentials

Background: The performance on a visual Go/NoGo (VGNG) task during walking has been used to evaluate the effect of gait on response inhibition in young and older adults; however, no work has yet included Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients for whom such changes may be even more enhanced. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of gait on automatic and cognitive inhibitory control phases in PD patients and the associated changes in neural activity and compared them with young and older adults. Methods: 30 PD patients, 30 older adults, and 11 young adults performed a visual Go/NoGo task in a sitting position and during walking on a treadmill while their EEG activity and gait were recorded. Brain electrical activity was evaluated by the amplitude, latency, and scalp distribution of N2 and P300 event related potentials. Mix model analysis was used to examine group and condition effects on task performance and brain activity. Results: The VGNG accuracy rates in PD patients during walking were lower than in young and older adults (F = 5.619, p = 0.006). For all groups, N2 latency during walking was significantly longer than during sitting (p = 0.013). In addition, P300 latency was significantly longer in PD patients (p <  0.001) and older adults (p = 0.032) during walking compared to sitting and during ‘NoGo’ trials compared with ‘Go’ trials. Moreover, the young adults showed the smallest number of electrodes for which a significant differential activation between sit to walk was observed, while PD patients showed the largest with N2 being more strongly manifested in bilateral parietal electrodes during walking and in frontocentral electrodes while seated. Conclusion: The results show that response inhibition during walking is impaired in older subjects and PD patients and that increased cognitive load during dual-task walking relates to significant change in scalp electrical activity, mainly in parietal and frontocentral channels.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in prestimulus subsequent memory effects assessed with event-related potentials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Koen ◽  
Erin D. Horne ◽  
Nedra Hauck ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractPrestimulus subsequent memory effects (preSMEs) – differences in neural activity elicited by a task cue at encoding that are predictive of later memory performance – are thought to reflect differential engagement of preparatory processes that benefit episodic memory encoding. We investigated age differences in preSMEs indexed by differences in ERP amplitude just prior to the onset of a study item. Young and older adults incidentally encoded words for a subsequent memory test. Each study word was preceded by a task cue that signaled the judgment to perform on the word. Words were presented for either a short (300 ms) or a long (1000 ms) duration with the aim of placing differential benefits on engaging preparatory processes initiated by the task cue. ERPs associated with subsequent successful and unsuccessful recollection, operationalized here by source memory accuracy, were estimated time-locked to the onset of the task cue. In a late time-window (1000-2000 ms following onset of the cue), young adults demonstrated frontally distributed preSMEs for both the short and the long study durations, albeit with opposite polarities in the two conditions. This finding suggests that preSMEs in young adults are sensitive to perceived task demands. Although older adults showed no evidence of preSMEs in the same late time window, significant preSMEs were observed in an earlier time window (500-1000 ms) that were invariant with study duration. These results are broadly consistent with the proposal that older adults differ from their younger counterparts in how they engage preparatory processes during memory encoding.

Task-Switching Training and Transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Anna Gaál ◽  
István Czigler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Far Transfer ◽  
Near Transfer ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Transfer Tasks

Abstract. We used task-switching (TS) paradigms to study how cognitive training can compensate age-related cognitive decline. Thirty-nine young (age span: 18–25 years) and 40 older (age span: 60–75 years) women were assigned to training and control groups. The training group received 8 one-hour long cognitive training sessions in which the difficulty level of TS was individually adjusted. The other half of the sample did not receive any intervention. The reference task was an informatively cued TS paradigm with nogo stimuli. Performance was measured on reference, near-transfer, and far-transfer tasks by behavioral indicators and event-related potentials (ERPs) before training, 1 month after pretraining, and in case of older adults, 1 year later. The results showed that young adults had better pretraining performance. The reference task was too difficult for older adults to form appropriate representations as indicated by the behavioral data and the lack of P3b components. But after training older adults reached the level of performance of young participants, and accordingly, P3b emerged after both the cue and the target. Training gain was observed also in near-transfer tasks, and partly in far-transfer tasks; working memory and executive functions did not improve, but we found improvement in alerting and orienting networks, and in the execution of variants of TS paradigms. Behavioral and ERP changes remained preserved even after 1 year. These findings suggest that with an appropriate training procedure older adults can reach the level of performance seen in young adults and these changes persist for a long period. The training also affects the unpracticed tasks, but the transfer depends on the extent of task similarities.

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