Differential Contributions of the Intraparietal Sulcus and the Inferior Parietal Lobe to Attentional Blink: Evidence from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

When two targets (T1 and T2) are to be identified in rapid serial visual presentation, the response to T1 induces impairment of T2 report if T2 appears within 500 msec after T1 (attentional blink: AB). AB is thought to reflect temporal limitations of attention which affect target perception. Recent research suggests that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) contributes to an attentional set associated with task goals, whereas the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) is associated with the disengagement and reorienting of attention to a relevant stimulus presented outside the current focus of attention. We investigated respective involvement of the IPS and the IPL in AB using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The results of Experiment 1 showed that the magnitude of AB deficit decreased TMS disrupted activity of the IPS after T1 onset. In addition, an increased AB deficit occurred when TMS was delivered over the IPS or IPL after T2 onset. In Experiment 2, where participants were instructed to ignore T1, they showed an AB-like T2 deficit only when TMS was delivered to the IPS after a T2 onset. Findings are discussed in terms of hypotheses about the respective roles of the IPS, in realizing an attentional set, and the IPL, in contributing to a disengagement of attention (from T1 to T2) during an AB period.

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The role of left and right intraparietal sulcus in the attentional blink: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Experimental Brain Research ◽

10.1007/s00221-007-0896-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 178 (1) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ken Kihara ◽

Nobuyuki Hirose ◽

Tatsuya Mima ◽

Mitsunari Abe ◽

Hidenao Fukuyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Attentional Blink ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Intraparietal Sulcus ◽

Left And Right

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Induced pain is relieved by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human parietal lobe through endorphin release

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88845-5 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

V Amassian

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Stimulation Of

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Preoperative transcranial magnetic stimulation for picture naming is reliable in mapping segments of the arcuate fasciculus

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcaa158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Davide Giampiccolo ◽

Henrietta Howells ◽

Ina Bährend ◽

Heike Schneider ◽

Giovanni Raffa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Speech Production ◽

Picture Naming ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Diffusion Imaging ◽

Arcuate Fasciculus ◽

Preoperative Mapping ◽

Production Errors

Abstract In preoperative planning for neurosurgery, both anatomical (diffusion imaging tractography) and functional tools (MR-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation) are increasingly used to identify and preserve eloquent language structures specific to individuals. Using these tools in healthy adults shows that speech production errors occur mainly in perisylvian cortical sites that correspond to subject-specific terminations of the major language pathway, the arcuate fasciculus. It is not clear whether this correspondence remains in oncological patients with altered tissue. We studied a heterogeneous cohort of 30 patients (fourteen male, mean age 44), undergoing a first or second surgery for a left hemisphere brain tumour in a language-eloquent region, to test whether speech production errors induced by preoperative transcranial magnetic stimulation had consistent anatomical correspondence to the arcuate fasciculus. We used navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during picture naming and recorded different perisylvian sites where transient interference to speech production occurred. Spherical deconvolution diffusion imaging tractography was performed to map the direct fronto-temporal and indirect (fronto-parietal and parieto-temporal) segments of the arcuate fasciculus in each patient. Speech production errors were reported in all patients when stimulating the frontal lobe, and in over 90% of patients in the parietal lobe. Errors were less frequent in the temporal lobe (54%). In all patients, at least one error site corresponded to a termination of the arcuate fasciculus, particularly in the frontal and parietal lobes, despite distorted anatomy due to a lesion and/or previous resection. Our results indicate that there is strong correspondence between terminations of the arcuate fasciculus and speech errors. This indicates that white matter anatomy may be a robust marker for identifying functionally eloquent cortex, particularly in the frontal and parietal lobe. This knowledge may improve targets for preoperative mapping of language in the neurosurgical setting.

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The Role of the Parietal Lobe in Visual Extinction Studied with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2008.21149 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 1946-1955 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Lorella Battelli ◽

George A. Alvarez ◽

Thomas Carlson ◽

Alvaro Pascual-Leone

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Visual Tracking ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Visual Fields ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Visual Extinction ◽

Interhemispheric Competition

Interhemispheric competition between homologous areas in the human brain is believed to be involved in a wide variety of human behaviors from motor activity to visual perception and particularly attention. For example, patients with lesions in the posterior parietal cortex are unable to selectively track objects in the contralesional side of visual space when targets are simultaneously present in the ipsilesional visual field, a form of visual extinction. Visual extinction may arise due to an imbalance in the normal interhemispheric competition. To directly assess the issue of reciprocal inhibition, we used fMRI to localize those brain regions active during attention-based visual tracking and then applied low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over identified areas in the left and right intraparietal sulcus to asses the behavioral effects on visual tracking. We induced a severe impairment in visual tracking that was selective for conditions of simultaneous tracking in both visual fields. Our data show that the parietal lobe is essential for visual tracking and that the two hemispheres compete for attentional resources during tracking. Our results provide a neuronal basis for visual extinction in patients with parietal lobe damage.

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Increased sensitivity to ipsilateral cutaneous stimuli following transcranial magnetic stimulation of the parietal lobe

Annals of Neurology ◽

10.1002/ana.410380221 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 264-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Masud Seyal ◽

Tony Ro ◽

Robert Rafal

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Stimulation Of

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Motion on Numbers: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus Alters Both Numerical and Motion Processes

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2008.21157 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 2129-2138 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Elena Salillas ◽

Demis Basso ◽

Maurizia Baldi ◽

Carlo Semenza ◽

Tomaso Vecchi

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Motion Detection ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Single Pulse ◽

Coherent Motion ◽

Intraparietal Sulcus ◽

Close Link ◽

Number Comparison ◽

Neural Substrate

It has often been proposed that there is a close link between representation of number and space. In the present work, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the ventral intraparietal sulcus (VIPS) to determine effects on performance in motion detection and number comparison tasks. Participants' reaction times and thresholds for perception of laterally presented coherent motion in random dot kinematograms increased significantly when the contralateral VIPS was stimulated in contrast to the interhemispheric sulcus (Experiment 1) and to the ipsilateral VIPS (Experiment 2). In number comparison tasks, participants compared the magnitude of the laterally presented numbers 1–9 with the number 5. Again, reaction times significantly increased when TMS was applied to the contralateral VIPS in contrast to control sites. The finding that VIPS-directed TMS results in impaired efficiency in both motion perception and number comparison suggests that these processes share a common neural substrate.

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Coming Unbound: Disrupting Automatic Integration of Synesthetic Color and Graphemes by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Parietal Lobe

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1570 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1570-1576 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Michael Esterman ◽

Timothy Verstynen ◽

Richard B. Ivry ◽

Lynn C. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Naming Task ◽

Color Naming ◽

Automatic Integration ◽

Posterior Parietal ◽

The Right ◽

Posterior Parietal Lobe ◽

Stimulation Technique

In some individuals, a visually presented letter or number automatically evokes the perception of a specific color, an experience known as color-grapheme synesthesia. It has been suggested that parietal binding mechanisms play a role in the phenomenon. We used a noninvasive stimulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), to determine whether the posterior parietal lobe is critical for the integration of color and shape in color-grapheme synesthesia, as it appears to be for normal color-shape binding. Using a color-naming task with colored letters that were either congruent or incongruent with the synesthetic photism, we demonstrate that inhibition of the right posterior parietal lobe with repetitive TMS transiently attenuates synesthetic binding. These findings suggest that synesthesia (the induction of color from shape) relies on similar mechanisms as found in normal perception (where the perception of color is induced by wavelength).

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Mathematics and TMS

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0033 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Rusconi ◽

Carlo Umiltà

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Number Line ◽

Mathematical Cognition ◽

Mental Number Line ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

This article introduces the relationship between mathematical cognition and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The mental number line is located in the parietal lobe. Studies employing TMS have explored issues related to the mental number line. This article reviews the studies centered on the magnitude code. The results show that even though the parietal activation is nearly always present in both hemispheres, it is often asymmetric, being greater in the right hemisphere when quantification of nonverbal and nonsymbolic material is required. Neuropsychological studies confirm the relation between the magnitude code and the parietal lobe. The extent to which number-related processes are number specific, and the extent to which they overlap with other aspects of spatial or magnitude representation, is currently a burgeoning area of research. Current work is aimed to disrupt numerical processes and observe concomitant changes in brain activation.

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