scholarly journals Energy and Symmetry in Language and Yoga

Leonardo ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Hess ◽  
Donna Jo Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Symmetric Structure ◽  
Energy Peak ◽  
Cognitive Preference ◽  
Physical Necessity

The structures of syllables and of yoga poses are compared. Syllables are tripartite, with sound segments rising in sonority (acoustic energy) to a peak, then falling. Likewise, asanas are tripartite, with symmetrical movements flanking the sustaining, vital energy peak. In both entities, then, symmetric structure flanks energy peaks. This organization is not a physical necessity, but a cognitive preference.

“Second guessing yourself all the time about what they really mean…”: Cognitive differences between autistic and non-autistic adults in understanding implied meaning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wilson ◽  
Dorothy Vera Margaret Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Language Ability ◽  
Test Format ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Cognitive Preference ◽  
Core Language ◽  
Implied Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Preferences ◽  
Explicit Communication ◽  
Selection Of

This study investigated cognitive differences between autistic and non-autistic people in understanding implied meaning in conversation using a novel computerized test, the Implicature Comprehension Test. Controlling for core language ability, autistic participants (N = 66) were over twice as likely to endorse a non-normative interpretation of an implied meaning and over five times as likely to select ‘don’t know’ when asked about the presence of an implied meaning, compared to non-autistic participants (N = 118). A further experiment suggested that the selection of ‘don’t know’ reflected a cognitive preference for certainty and explicit communication, and that the normative inference could often be made when the test format was more constrained. Our research supports the hypothesis that autistic individuals can find it challenging to process language in its pragmatic context, and that cognitive preferences play a role in this.

Because Without Cause

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Lange
Keyword(s):  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Scientific Explanations ◽  
Physical Necessity ◽  
Explanatory Priority ◽  
Causal Laws

This chapter investigates non-causal scientific explanations that work by describing how the explanandum involves stronger-than-physical necessity by virtue of certain facts (“constraints”) that possess some variety of necessity stronger than ordinary causal laws possess. In particular, the chapter offers an account of the order of explanatory priority in explanations by constraint. It examines several important examples of explanations by constraint, distinguishing their natural kinds. It gives an account of the sense in which constraints are modally stronger than ordinary causal laws and an account of why certain deductions of constraints exclusively from other constraints possess explanatory power whereas others lack explanatory power.

scholarly journals Newly designed solid coupling medium for reducing trapped air pockets during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy_ a phantom study

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Sheng Wang ◽  
Ching-Chia Li ◽  
Wen-Jeng Wu ◽  
Wen-Chin Liou ◽  
Yusen Eason Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Phantom Study ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Disintegration Rate ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Trapped Air ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
Coupling Medium ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Introduction Air pockets between the lithotripter head and body surface are almost inevitably generated when applying a handful of gel onto the contact portion of the treatment head and that on the patient’s skin during coupling procedure. These air pockets can compromise the transmission of acoustic energy of shock wave and may significantly affect efficacy of stone disintegration. Comparing to conventional gel, this study aims to investigate efficacy of stone disintegration by using a proprietary isolation-coupling pad (“icPad”) as the coupling medium to reduce trapped air pockets during ESWL procedure. Method In this phantom study, Dornier lithotripter (Delta-2 RC, Dornier MedTech Europe GmbH Co., Germany) was used with a proprietary gel pads (icPad, Diameter = 150 mm, Thickness = 4 mm and 8 mm). The lithotripter was equipped with inline camera to observe the trapped air pockets between the contact surface of the lithotripter head. A testing and measuring device were used to observe experimental stone disintegration using icPad and semi-liquid gel. The conventional semi-liquid gel was used as control for result comparison. Results The stone disintegration rate of icPad 4 mm and 8 mm after 200 shocks of energy at level 2 were significantly higher than that of the semi-liquid gel (disintegration rate 92.3%, 85.0% vs. 45.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). The number of shocks for complete stone disintegration by icPad of 4 mm and 8 mm at the same energy level 2 were significantly lower than that of the semi-liquid gel (the number of shocks 242.0 ± 13.8, 248.7 ± 6.3 vs. 351.0 ± 54.6, respectively, p = 0.011). Furthermore, quantitative comparison of observed air pockets under Optical Coupling Control (OCC) system showed that the area of air pockets in semi-liquid group was significantly larger than that of the group using icPad (8 mm) and that of the group using icPad (8 mm) after sliding (332.7 ± 91.2 vs. 50.3 ± 31.9, 120.3 ± 21.5, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion The advantages of icPad includes: (1) reduced the numbers of shock wave and increased stone disintegration rate due to icPad’s superior efficacy; (2) significantly reduce trapped air pockets in ESWL coupling. Due to the study limitation, more data are needed to confirm our observations before human trials.

scholarly journals Polynomial ring representations of endomorphisms of exterior powers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ommolbanin Behzad ◽  
André Contiero ◽  
Letterio Gatto ◽  
Renato Vidal Martins
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Polynomial Ring ◽  
Vertex Operators ◽  
Exterior Power ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Symmetric Structure ◽  
Rational Polynomials ◽  
Exterior Powers ◽  
Vertex Representation ◽  
Countably Infinite

AbstractAn explicit description of the ring of the rational polynomials in r indeterminates as a representation of the Lie algebra of the endomorphisms of the k-th exterior power of a countably infinite-dimensional vector space is given. Our description is based on results by Laksov and Throup concerning the symmetric structure of the exterior power of a polynomial ring. Our results are based on approximate versions of the vertex operators occurring in the celebrated bosonic vertex representation, due to Date, Jimbo, Kashiwara and Miwa, of the Lie algebra of all matrices of infinite size, whose entries are all zero but finitely many.

scholarly journals The Classical Structure of TaCp2(H)(SiMe2H)2

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Ichiro Tanaka ◽  
Takashi Ohhara ◽  
Nobuo Niimura ◽  
Yuji Ohashi ◽  
Qian Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Classical Structure ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Symmetric Structure ◽  
Hydride Ligand

Neutron diffraction analysis of TaCp2(H)(SiMe2H)2 (1) has revealed a symmetric structure with a classical, rather than agostic, hydride ligand: the Ta–H distance is 1.785(15) Å, the non-bonding H···Si distances are 2.189(18) and 2.190(17) Å, and the H–Ta–Si angles are 55.2(5) and 55.5(5)°; final R factor = 8.9% for 1295 reflections.

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