Victims' Rights Overview under the ICC Legal Framework: A Jurisprudential Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 531-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioia Greco
Keyword(s):  
Rome Statute ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Level ◽  
World War ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
Second World

AbstractVictims' role in trials gained greater relevance over the span of the history of domestic legal systems. Even so, it was only after the Second World War that compensation claims enhanced the crescendo of victims' rights recognized at international level. The ICC legal framework stands out as a glaring achievement in the international field. In fact, the Rome Statute grants to victims a wide range of rights starting from the pretrial stage throughout the trial. The protection and involvement of victims in trials reflects not only procedural fairness but also takes into consideration victims' needs and claims for justice. Beginning from a teleological approach, this paper illustrates the victims' rights under the Rome Statute. Particularly, it analyzes the Court's jurisprudential interpretation of the underpinning criteria for victim status and the rights of participation and to justice as illustrated in the Lubanga case.

Notstand und Sachverstand

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-442
Author(s):  
Stefanie Middendorf
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Level ◽  
World War ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The First World War ◽  
State Finance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Abstract In the aftermath of the First World War, the Weimar Republic found itself in financial disarray. Originally put forward by the antirepublican right, the idea of a forced loan emerged. The idea triggered harsh controversies regarding the shortfalls in the new state’s sovereignty and its lack of fiscal power within the framework of an international order. The conflicting images of the Weimar state effected the decisions finally taken. This article argues that a rhetoric of emergency was combined with notions of the expert as an apolitical figure in order to legitimize compulsory lending. Yet, contrary to contemporary perceptions, the Weimar forced loan was not a result of governmental impotence or an exceptional incident within the history of public finance. As a political tool, it helped to solve conflicts on the national as well as the international level, if only for a short period of time. As an instrument of state finance, it was not an act of failure to still fiscal needs the ‚normal way‘ but a conscious claim for the autonomy of the Weimar state. But the conviction that compulsory loans might be a legitimate element of fiscal politics under the auspices of a strong and well-informed state emerged only with the Second World War – in Germany as well as on an international level.

scholarly journals The Sexual Policies and Sexual Realities of the German Occupiers in Poland in the Second World War

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAREN RÖGER
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Gender History ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
Second World

AbstractSexual policies were a core component of the National Socialist racial policies, both in the Altreich (territories considered part of Nazi Germany before 1938), as well as in the occupied territories. In occupied Poland the Germans imposed a ‘prohibition of contact’ (Umgangsverbot) with the local Polish population, a restriction that covered both social as well as sexual encounters. But this model of absolute racial segregation was never truly implemented. This paper attempts to show that there existed a wide range of sexual contacts between the occupiers and the local inhabitants, with the focus here being on consensual and forced contacts (sexual violence) as seen against the backdrop of National Socialist policies. This article positions itself at the intersection of the history of everyday life (Alltagsgeschichte), the history of sexuality and the gender history of the German occupation of Poland – perspectives that have rarely been used with regard to this region.

scholarly journals Development of the national art of word in Ivan Bagryany’s publicistic works

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Inna Lipnytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Human Face ◽  
World War ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Second World

Ivan Bagryany's publicistic works cover a wide range of problems of life of Ukrainians in exile after the Second World War, including the issue of the literary process. The purpose of the study is to analyze the author's position on the leading strategies for the development of the Ukrainian literature and the principles of its creation in the literary-critical articles of I. Bagryany. The author formed the vector of development of the Ukrainian literature without adhering exclusively to the artistic framework, because he believed that they could not bring literature to a qualitatively new level of development, the level of world recognition. I. Bagryany was convinced that literature should create the image of a man who seeks to preserve his human face under any adverse circumstances in the twentieth century. The purpose of artistic creativity is to find adequate metamorphic forms that can unite a divided nation. Among the problems that were criticized by the author are the following: discussion of the essence, directions of development, tendencies, ideology, functions of Ukrainian art of speech, protection of Ukrainian culture, language, literature from attacks by vulgar sociologists from the USSR, appeals against a totalitarian regime, repressions against representatives of the Ukrainian art, understanding the significance of the literature of the Shot Renaissance, in particular the figure of Mykola Khvylovy. The author also paid great attention to the development of the Ukrainian literature in the USSR, in particular, he actively criticized the anti-humanist ideology of the “empire in a new form, red”, which shapes the Kremlin's policy in the field of culture; ideologization of art and the functioning of a single method of reflecting reality – “socialist realism”, censorship of samples of artistic creativity, party supervision of the artist's work, and so on. I. Bagryany's emigrant journalism is directed against the blasphemy of the history of the culture and traditions of the Ukrainian people. In his literary-critical works Ivan Bagryany proved to be a shrewd researcher of the phenomena of the Ukrainian literature, in whose voice the artist of the word and the meticulous researcher, citizen, and thinker organically combined. The writer's articles, pamphlets, and essays are united by emotional polemics, ideology, power of speech, ruthless satire, and sarcasm in the evaluation of opponents. The works are marked by global thinking, the ability to say the most important things at a particular time in a given situation.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

ABCs of the Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-291
Author(s):  
Egor A. Yesyunin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Development History ◽  
The People ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Revolution

The article is devoted to the satirical agitation ABCs that appeared during the Civil War, which have never previously been identified by researchers as a separate type of agitation art. The ABCs, which used to have the narrow purpose of teaching children to read and write before, became a form of agitation art in the hands of artists and writers. This was facilitated by the fact that ABCs, in contrast to primers, are less loaded with educational material and, accordingly, they have more space for illustrations. The article presents the development history of the agitation ABCs, focusing in detail on four of them: V.V. Mayakovsky’s “Soviet ABC”, D.S. Moor’s “Red Army Soldier’s ABC”, A.I. Strakhov’s “ABC of the Revolution”, and M.M. Cheremnykh’s “Anti-Religious ABC”. There is also briefly considered “Our ABC”: the “TASS Posters” created by various artists during the Second World War. The article highlights the special significance of V.V. Mayakovsky’s first agitation ABC, which later became a reference point for many artists. The authors of the first satirical ABCs of the Civil War period consciously used the traditional form of popular prints, as well as ditties and sayings, in order to create images close to the people. The article focuses on the iconographic connections between the ABCs and posters in the works of D.S. Moor and M.M. Cheremnykh, who transferred their solutions from the posters to the ABCs.

B'nai B'rith on the European continent after World War Two

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Hans Levy
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Jewish Organization ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
European Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

The focus of this paper is on the oldest international Jewish organization founded in 1843, B’nai B’rith. The paper presents a chronicle of B’nai B’rith in Continental Europe after the Second World War and the history of the organization in Scandinavia. In the 1970's the Order of B'nai B'rith became B'nai B'rith international. B'nai B'rith worked for Jewish unity and was supportive of the state of Israel.

The Nonviolent Struggle for Indian Freedom, 1905-19

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
Civil Resistance ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
Moral Stance

Much of the recent surge in writing about the practice of nonviolent forms of resistance has focused on movements that occurred after the end of the Second World War, many of which have been extremely successful. Although the fact that such a method of civil resistance was developed in its modern form by Indians is acknowledged in this writing, there has not until now been an authoritative history of the role of Indians in the evolution of the phenomenon.The book argues that while nonviolence is associated above all with the towering figure of Mahatma Gandhi, 'passive resistance' was already being practiced as a form of civil protest by nationalists in British-ruled India, though there was no principled commitment to nonviolence as such. The emphasis was on efficacy, rather than the ethics of such protest. It was Gandhi, first in South Africa and then in India, who evolved a technique that he called 'satyagraha'. He envisaged this as primarily a moral stance, though it had a highly practical impact. From 1915 onwards, he sought to root his practice in terms of the concept of ahimsa, a Sanskrit term that he translated as ‘nonviolence’. His endeavors saw 'nonviolence' forged as both a new word in the English language, and as a new political concept. This book conveys in vivid detail exactly what such nonviolence entailed, and the formidable difficulties that the pioneers of such resistance encountered in the years 1905-19.

History of the Second World War. B. H. Liddell Hart

1972 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Gordon A. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World
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