Two “Mothers” in 5 Ezra 2:1-32

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-462
Author(s):  
Theodore A. Bergren
Keyword(s):  
African Origin ◽  
North African ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
The City ◽  
Church Mother ◽  
North African Origin

Abstract The early Christian apocryphon 5 Ezra (2 Esdras) 2:1-32 describes two distinct but unidentified “mothers.” The first (2:1-7) is desolate, forlorn, and consigned to “destruction”; the second (2:15-32) is encouraged, glorified, and triumphant. It is generally recognized that the first “mother” represents the city of Jerusalem, “Mother Jerusalem.” The identity of and literary/thematic inspiration(s) behind the second “mother,” however, are uncertain. The main thesis of this paper is that the “mother” in 2:15-32 represents the Christian church, “Mother Church.” The primary evidence for this identification is the remarkable thematic and verbal parallels between 5 Ezra’s descriptions of the “mother” and the characterizations of “Mother Church” in the writings of Cyprian. Furthermore, the writings of Zeno of Verona and Lactantius contain lists of Christian ecclesiastical “works of mercy” that are close to 5 Ezra 2:20-22. Our findings suggest that 5 Ezra is a post-250 Latin composition of North African origin.

scholarly journals Bilingualism and language attitude in Melilla (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Montero Alonso ◽  
Lotfi Sayahi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
African Origin ◽  
North African ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Language Attitude ◽  
The City ◽  
North African Origin

This study examines levels of bilingualism and language attitude in the autonomous Spanish city of Melilla. Located on the North African coast, Melilla has a population of 86,000 inhabitants that is roughly divided between residents of Iberian origin and residents of North African Origin. Based on responses to a language questionnaire (111 participants) and sociolinguistic interviews (20 participants), our results show high levels of bilingualism between Spanish and Tamazight among the sector of the population that is of North African origin, while  the population of Iberian origin remains monolingual in Spanish. We also show that Spanish is the dominant language in the public domain, including administration and education, while Tamazight is maintained as a family and community language. Overall, the participants in our study express positive attitude towards the Melillan variety of Spanish and Tamazight, and their co-existence as part of the multicultural nature of the city. 

Memories of a French Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Laura Jeanne Sims
Keyword(s):  
Algerian War ◽  
African Origin ◽  
North African ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Internment Camps ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Algerian War Of Independence ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
North African Origin

This chapter examines how the French state created a crisis through its management of the arrival and installation of the Harkis in 1962. The Harkis, Algerians of North African origin who supported the French army during the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962), faced reprisal violence in Algeria at the end of the war and many were forced to migrate with their families to France. In response, French officials attempted to prevent the Harkis from escaping to France and placed some of those who succeeded in internment camps. Comparing the treatment of the Harkis with that of the Pieds-Noirs, the descendants of European settlers in Algeria who likewise fled to France in 1962, highlights the structural racism underlying French perceptions of and reactions to Harki migration. This chapter also explores the ways in which second-generation Harkis have constructed collective memories of the crisis and their attempts to hold the state responsible for its actions.

scholarly journals The de novo genome assembly and annotation of a female domestic dromedary of North African origin

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Fitak ◽  
Elmira Mohandesan ◽  
Jukka Corander ◽  
Pamela A. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
African Origin ◽  
North African ◽  
De Novo Genome Assembly ◽  
North African Origin

scholarly journals Tu1893 MUTYH Mutations and Variants in Jews of North-African Origin With or Without Minimal Colorectal Adenomatous Polyposis

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-866
Author(s):  
Guy Rosner ◽  
Dani Bercovich ◽  
Hana Strul ◽  
Erwin Santo ◽  
Zamir Halpern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
African Origin ◽  
North African ◽  
North African Origin

Salafist Impregnation of Muslim Youth in France: a Challenge to the Republic?

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Laetitia Bucaille ◽  
Agnès Villechaise
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Working Class ◽  
African Origin ◽  
North African ◽  
French Society ◽  
Muslim Youth ◽  
Religious Theme ◽  
Identity Constructs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North African Origin

Based on qualitative research, this article aims to shed some light on the criticism of the functioning of French society by youths of North African origin influenced by a Salafist reading of Islam. The arguments put forward, which draw largely on a religious theme, must be taken seriously. However, the references to a “Salafised” world of meaning are not exclusive and they coexist with an attachment to other, more liberal values. We will therefore endeavour to determine whether the criticism expressed generates separatist attitudes or whether it leads to individual and collective strategies founded on a dual cultural allegiance. Without denying the ambivalences or weaknesses, it is necessary to accurately clarify the identity constructs and social trajectories of the working-class youths studied here.

The religion of the first ages: primitivism and the primitive Church

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
North African ◽  
Short History ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
History Of

This chapter illustrates how the history of the early Christian church was not an abstruse subject during the eighteenth century but a topical one. For the primitive church remained the standard for both orthodoxy and orthopraxis well into the eighteenth century. This chapter demonstrates how that was the case by focusing especially on two pieces by Zachary Grey — his Examination of the fourteenth chapter of Sir Isaac Newton’s observations upon the prophecies of Daniel (1736) and his Short history of the Donatists (1741). Grey’s engagement with Netwon’s work on prophecy centred osn Newton’s treatment of saints and of God’s nature. In writing about these subjects, Newton had aimed to show that the post-fourth-century church was infested with theological impurities; Grey’s rejoinder aimed to show that the eighteenth-century Church of England understood both the saints and God’s nature in a primitively pure way. Grey’s treatment of the ancient Donatist heresy similarly related to contemporary concerns. For he tried to show that Methodism was not novel but, instead, a revival of an ancient heretical sect which had almost rent asunder the fourth-century North African church.

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