Activity patterns of the Brown Vine snake Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) (Serpentes, Colubridae) in the Brazilian semiarid

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo C.M.D. Mesquita ◽  
Diva M. Borges-Nojosa ◽  
Daniel C. Passos ◽  
Castiele H. Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Scientific Collections ◽  
Semi Arid

The Brown Vine snake, Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824), is widely distributed from the United States to Argentina. 113 specimens encountered in the field and 39 individuals from scientific collections were analyzed and we determined patterns of diet, habitat use, and daily and seasonal activity. Oxybelis aeneus can be found to be active year round, especially during the dry and warmer months. Daily temperature poorly describes its activity as it seems to be more active around 31 to 35°C. During the hours of inactivity the species tends to chose higher branches than when active. The snakes choose spiny trees as retreat sites and spineless trees as foraging sites. We suggest that the high abundance of O. aeneus makes it an appropriate model organism for studies on activity patterns of snakes in semi-arid environments.

Seasonal Activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Southern New York State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P Piedmonte ◽  
Vanessa C Vinci ◽  
Thomas J Daniels ◽  
Bryon P Backenson ◽  
Richard C Falco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Human Bite

Abstract The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, is a species native to eastern Asia that has recently been discovered in the United States. In its native range, H. longicornis transmits pathogens that cause disease in humans and livestock. It is currently unknown whether H. longicornis will act as a vector in the United States. Understanding its seasonal activity patterns will be important in identifying which times of the year represent greatest potential risk to humans and livestock should this species become a threat to animal or public health. A study site was established in Yonkers, NY near the residence associated with the first reported human bite from H. longicornis in the United States. Ticks were collected once each week from July 2018 to November 2019. Haemaphysalis longicornis larvae were most active from August to November, nymphs from April to July, and adult females from June to September. This pattern of activity suggests that H. longicornis is capable of completing a generation within a single year and matches the patterns observed in its other ranges in the northern hemisphere. The data presented here contribute to a growing database for H. longicornis phenology in the northeastern United States. Potential implications of the short life cycle for the tick’s vectorial capacity are discussed.

scholarly journals Exposure to low water potentials and seed dormancy favour the fungus in the Pyrenophora semeniperda–Bromus tectorum pathosystem

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S15-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Finch-Boekweg ◽  
P. Allen ◽  
S. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Semi Arid

In semi-arid regions of the United States, Pyrenophora semeniperda kills seeds of the winter annual Bromus tectorum. We report on pathosystem outcomes under manipulated water potential and temperature environments commonly observed within semi-arid environments for dormant and non-dormant seeds. We propose a range of outcomes for infected seeds. During summer, seeds remain dormant and are killed across a range of water potentials. During autumn, seeds survive by rapidly germinating or are killed if radicle emergence is delayed by intermittent hydration. In winter/spring, secondarily dormant seeds can be killed by the fungus. The only likely scenarios where seeds escape death include absence of infection (autumn, spring, or following autumn, germination) or infection in autumn when seeds germinate rapidly.

CHARLES DICKENS'S DESCRIPTION OF HIS VISIT TO A FREE SCHOOL IN CINCINNATI IN 1842

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-846
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
The United States ◽  
English History ◽  
Free School ◽  
The Hours

Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was among the first of several English writers who visited the United States during the 1840s and 1850s. The description below of his visit to a free school in Cincinnati was included in his American Notes which Dickens wrote in 1842 upon completion of his six months' visit to our country. Cincinnati is honorably famous for its free schools, of which it has so many that no person's child among its population can, by possibility, want the means of education, which are extended, upon an average, to four thousand pupils annually. I was only present in one of these establishments during the hours of instruction. In the boy's department, which was full of little urchins (varying in their ages, I should say, from six years old to ten or twelve), the master offered to institute an extemporary examination of the pupils in algebra; a proposal which, as I was by no means confident of my ability to detect mistakes in that science, I declined with some alarm. In the girl's school, reading was proposed; and as I felt tolerably equal to that art, I expressed my willingness to hear a class. Books were distributed accordingly, and some half dozen girls relieved each other in reading paragraphs from English history. But it seemed to be a dry compilation, infinitely above their powers; and when they had blundered through three or four dreary passages concerning the treaty of Amiens, and other thrilling topics of the same nature (obviously without comprehending ten words), I expressed myself quite satisfied.

Charles R. Scoggin, 1914-1944

1944 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-201
Author(s):  
Frank H. H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
The Hours ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University

Among the many student archaeologists serving in the armed forces of the United States, one of the first to make the supreme sacrifice was 1st Lieutenant Charles R. Scoggin. He was killed in action on Anzio beachhead, Italy, Feb. 2, 1944.Lieutenant Scoggin, son of Dr. W. J. and Essie (Cartwright) Scoggin, was born July 10, 1914, at Bridgeport, Nebraska. He received his preliminary schooling at Chula Vista, California, and in 1927 moved with his parents to Ovid, Colorado, where he attended high school, graduating in 1931. Because of the depression, he was unable to continue his formal education at that time and in 1933 moved with his family to nearby Julesburg, Colorado. He was employed at Julesburg until the autumn of 1935 when he enrolled in the University of Colorado at Boulder. As it was necessary for him to work his way through college his attendance was irregular and he had not completed the hours requisite to a-degree when the tide of world events swept him on to grimmer tasks in the summer of 1942.

Expanding, Reducing, Concentrating and Diffusing: Activity Patterns of Recent Retirees in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galit Nimrod ◽  
Megan C. Janke ◽  
Douglas A. Kleiber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The United States

Seasonal activity patterns and behaviour of juliform millipedes in south-eastern Botswana

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Dangerfield ◽  
Alice E. Milner ◽  
Reba Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACTThe seasonal patterns of surface activity and behaviour were recorded for three species of juliform millipede in a savanna habitat in south-east Botswana. Initially, surface activity followed rainfall events but this association weakened as the season progressed and, although significant, the correlation between the magnitude of rainfall events and activity was weak. Activity also occurred on moist, relatively cool and cloudy days, particularly in Alloporus uncinatus which was much larger than the other species. The onset and duration of surface activity varied between species. Observations of feeding behaviour suggested that millipedes in semi-arid savannas did not subsist exclusively on tree leaf litter but appeared to select a range of food types. Mobility is necessary to obtain these patchy resources but differences between the sexes in patterns of behaviour are more likely related to the mating patterns of these species.

scholarly journals Shifts in outdoor activity patterns in the time of COVID-19 and its implications for exposure to vector-borne diseases in the United States.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Fernandez ◽  
Gebbiena Bron ◽  
Pallavi Kache ◽  
Jean Tsao ◽  
Lyric Bartholomay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Outdoor Activities

Abstract Unintended consequences of human behavioral changes induced by governmental and individual responses to COVID-19 risk are yet to be fully realized. Herein, we evaluated changes in outdoor activity patterns during the spring and summer of 2020 vs. 2019 in the Northeast and Midwest United States. We used self-reported data from daily surveys available through a smartphone application, The Tick App. We simultaneously assessed changes in exposure to tick vectors in relation to changes in outdoor recreation. Outdoor activities and particularly peridomestic activities, increased by two-fold between years, while recreational activities in green spaces decreased by 70%. Tick encounters increased by 30%, and were mainly associated with outdoor activities and living in a rural county. Changes in outdoor recreation were associated with statewide stay-at-home orders in 2020 and persisted as out-of-home mobility increased. Our findings suggest that public health response should also address competing hazards from COVID-19 related outdoor exposure.

scholarly journals Shifts in outdoor activity patterns in the time of COVID-19 and its implications for exposure to vector-borne diseases in the United States.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernandez ◽  
Gebbiena Bron ◽  
Pallavi Kache ◽  
Jean Tsao ◽  
Lyric Bartholomay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Outdoor Activities

Abstract Unintended consequences of human behavioral changes induced by governmental and individual responses to COVID-19 risk are yet to be fully realized. Herein, we evaluated changes in outdoor activity patterns during the spring and summer of 2020 vs. 2019 in the Northeast and Midwest United States. We used self-reported data from daily surveys available through a smartphone application, The Tick App. We simultaneously assessed changes in exposure to tick vectors in relation to changes in outdoor recreation. Outdoor activities and particularly peridomestic activities, increased by two-fold between years, while recreational activities in green spaces decreased by 70%. Tick encounters increased by 30%, and were mainly associated with outdoor activities and living in a rural county. Changes in outdoor recreation were associated with statewide stay-at-home orders in 2020 and persisted as out-of-home mobility increased. Our findings suggest that public health response should also address competing hazards from COVID-19 related outdoor exposure.

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