From Long-term Contract to Market: An RBC Perspective on International Negotiations of Iron Ore Prices in the Asia-Pacific Region, 2009–2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-371
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
Xiaochun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Term Contract

Abstract The collapse of a long-term contract-based (LTC) benchmark system and the rise of a market-based index system in international negotiations of iron ore prices in the Asia-Pacific region has attracted much media attention. However, a systematic analysis of why and how such a change occurred from a negotiation point of view is absent. Drawing upon a relationship-behavior-conditions (RBC) perspective from the international business (IB) negotiation literature, this article investigates how negotiations between parties unfolded during the 2009–2010 period. Specifically, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the subject by evaluating the relationships between various negotiating parties, investigating some intriguing behaviors by negotiating parties, and identifying important conditions surrounding the negotiation process. The case of iron ore price negotiation also offers a vehicle to advance the RBC perspective in untangling complex IB negotiation problems and generate some broad implications for IB negotiation research and practices.

Can the Asia Pacific market accomodate Australia's LNG projects?

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
John Harris
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Over Time

The portfolio of proposed Australian LNG projects continues to grow. What is the demand outlook for Asia Pacific LNG—and can it absorb the potential volume from these projects? Who are the key importers and what are the demand uncertainties within the Asia Pacific region? Can Australian LNG penetrate markets further afield? What has driven the growth in Australian LNG projects and how many more might emerge? Where are the projects that will compete with Australian LNG? Is Australian LNG competitive relative to other supplies? Are project costs likely to increase further? How is the LNG supply-demand balance likely to develop in the Asia Pacific during the next decade? Is there a looming surplus of LNG and, if so, what would this mean for Australia? Does the outlook presage a buyers’ market or a sellers’ market? Will contract expiries from established LNG exporters increase supply availability in the Asia Pacific? What could this mean for oil indexation and long term LNG contracts? Could alternative pricing mechanisms evolve and will we see an increase in short and medium term supply contracts? This paper examines the outlook for the Asia Pacific LNG market—and the growing role Australian LNG is playing in meeting demand growth. It also reviews Australia’s competitive position and considers the way in which the structure of Asia Pacific LNG contracts may evolve over time.

TIER 3 RESPONSE CENTRES—THE CHALLENGE OF OPERATING IN A TIER 2 ENVIRONMENT1

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 913-917
Author(s):  
Declan O'Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
Responsible Party

ABSTRACT East Asia Response Limited (EARL) in Singapore is a regional Tier 3 centre that provides response services throughout the Asia Pacific region. The Tier 3 response centres are designed to provide external international support to members. When these resources are used, the management of the response and the logistics support are drawn from the receiving organization. When a spill occurs in the Singapore Straits, particularly involving a shipping company or a P & I club, a whole new set of expectations and responsibilities need to be recognized both from the Government and the responsible party's point of view. The Port Authority has the jurisdiction over Singapore Port and is responsible for managing the clean-up under the guidance of the National Contingency Plan. The responsible party is looking for a comprehensive spill response service. EARL has put in place various additional arrangements to meet the new expectations of authorities and responsible parties. These include the training of external manpower sources, development and testing of booming plans for sensitive sites and logistics plans to support response crafts and waste management. This paper will highlight preparedness, response planning and activation in what is one of the world's busiest ports.

Steps toward Peace in Civil Wars in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Disaggregate Approach to Civil War Settlements

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic S. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Large N ◽  
Conflict Termination ◽  
Multi Phase

AbstractRegardless of the types of civil conflict settlements, all parties generally enter into some sorts of tacit or direct bargaining in the course of civil conflict, namely, in steps toward peace. In contrast to a basically static framework employed in much of existing literature on civil war settlements and mediation, this article proposes a disaggregate approach to dynamic and multi-phase processes in civil conflict termination via negotiations. We illustrate a conceptual and theoretical framework to examine four steps in civil conflict settlements in a large-N research program. In so doing, we present an initial effort to construct a dyadic dataset isolating processes that allow civil conflict settlements to progress or regress between low and higher levels of agreement in the Asia-Pacific region from 1990 to 2005. We discuss a set of preliminary simple statistical results for the four distinct settlement phases in the context of conflict and rebel characteristics. Among the findings of note, third parties provide important assistance in nurturing successful negotiations especially in the context of waning insurgent strength. Peace proposals originate most frequently from governments, and seem to hinge especially on opponents’ battlefield advantages. Evidence of mutually hurting stalemates is also found. In the article’s conclusion we elaborate a long-term research agenda.

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