How E-buses Took off in Latin America to Save Lives, CO2 and Money

Building confidence for zero emission buses has been the strategy to create demand in Latin America. A few cities have more e-buses than any other region in the world outside of China. It all started by testing hybrid and electric buses, sharing data, building innovative economic models, making site visits, and sharing results in workshops. It all occurred during the last 10 years. Institutions including development banks are now committed to assisting with the transition towards zero emission public transport in cities. A number of bus suppliers offer their technologies, most of them from China as Europe is still behind in the Latam e-bus market. Most barriers have already been broken, and confidence in the technology and the market has brought investors to the region. E-buses are key to reducing greenhouse emissions in the region, and the accelerated transition is helping cities with this challenge.

Die öffentlichen Förderbanken in Deutschland

In recent years, public development banks have increasingly become the focus of legal policy, whether in the wake of the financial crisis or, more recently, in the wake of the Corona crisis. The work subjects the public development banks, which have so far been discussed in the legal literature at best in relation to individual issues, to a detailed legal examination, taking into account the various organizational forms and legal foundations as well as the special "business model", which is characterized by the public mandate, the state protection as well as a state influence and control. Finally, the paper deals with the application of banking supervision law to public development banks, taking into account this special business model.

The Influence of the Size of the Board of Commissioners, Size of the Board of Directors, Size of the Audit Committee, and Company Size on Banking Performance at Indonesian Regional Development Banks in 2015-2020

This research is motivated by the fact that the ROA of Regional Development Banks in 2015-2019 fluctuated, this shows that there are factors that influence it, one of which is Good Corporate Governance. By implementing Good Corporate Governance and supported by the mechanism will improve banking performance. Banking performance is influenced by the size of the Board of Commissioners, the size of the Board of Directors, the size of the Audit Committee, and the size of the company. The formulation of the problem in this study is how do the size of the board of commissioners, the size of the board of directors, the size of the audit committee, and the size of the company affect banking performance at the regional development banks of Indonesia in 2015-2020?. By using a quantitative approach and the type of secondary data as well as the number of samples of 12 banks were taken using the purposive sampling technique. Data processing using E-Views10 with panel data regression analysis techniques. The results of this study are partially the size of the Board of Commissioners, the size of the Board of Directors, and the size of the company have no significant effect on banking performance. Meanwhile, the size of the Audit Committee has a negative and significant effect on banking performance. Simultaneously the size of the Board of Commissioners, the size of the Board of Directors, the size of the Audit Committee, and the size of the company have a significant effect on banking performance.

The Paris Agreement 5 Years Later: The Challenges of Climate Finance and Multilateral Development Banks

In all matters regarding climate change, the modern world presents complex challenges which highlight how investments in infrastructure have as of yet been inconclusive. The emission percentages calculated by relevant studies demonstrate the need for long-term investments in infrastructures, to ultimately reduce the impact on the environment and our health. To this end, in alignment with the principles expressed in the Paris Agreement – reducing global warming and incentivising a zero-emission transportation system – and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), these new infrastructures will require a structural change that can be guaranteed by multilateral development banks (MDBs), given their nature, especially within developing countries. MDBs play an important role in supporting local governments, on the one hand creating a prosperous environment for sustainable infrastructures and, on the other, providing innovative financial instruments that could increase the financial sector’s participation. In this paper, aft er a brief excursus on the Paris Agreement’s role in the global climatic crisis, there will be an evaluation of the relations between MDBs and climate finance, with a focus on green bonds.

Adrian Robert Bazbauers and Susan Engel: The Global Architecture of Multilateral Development Banks: A System of Debt or Development?

This book explores the evolution of the 30 functioning multilateral development banks (MDBs). MDBs have their roots in the growing system of international finance and multilateral cooperation, with the first recognisable MDB being proposed by Latin America in financial cooperation with the US in the late 1930s. That Inter-American Bank did not eventuate but was a precursor to the World Bank being negotiated at Bretton Woods in 1944. Since then, a complex network of regional, sub-regional, and specialised development banks has progressively emerged across the globe, including two significant recent entrants established by China and the BRICS. MDBs arrange loans, credits, and guarantees for investment in member states, generally with the stated aim of fostering economic growth. They operate in both the Global North and South, though there are more MDBs focusing on emerging and developing states. While the World Bank and some of the larger regional banks have been scrutinised, little attention has been paid to the smaller banks or the overall system. This book provides the first study of all 30 MDBs and it evaluates their interrelationships. It analyses the emergence of the MDBs in relation to geopolitics, development paradigms and debt. It includes sections on each of the banks as well as on how MDBs have approached the key sectors of infrastructure, human development, and climate. This book will be of particular interest to researchers of development finance, global governance, and international political economy.

IDB Group and Climate Action

As one of the leading development partners for Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC), the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDB Group) is fully committed to lead by example on climate change action. Since the signing of the Paris Agreement, the IDB Group has provided over $20 billion in Climate Finance, amounting to about 60% of all Climate Finance to the region from Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs).